一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)寒(han)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)冬季,北方的(de)(de)(de)城市會采取集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱采暖,所謂的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖,實際上是(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)集(ji)團式(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖企業劃分片區,施工鋪管(guan)(guan)至每家每戶(hu),業主(zhu)需(xu)要在(zai)規定(ding)時(shi)間到(dao)指定(ding)地(di)(di)點繳費,然后(hou)由單位安排試壓,等(deng)氣(qi)溫(wen)降下來以后(hou),統一供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖;一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)(shi)設(she)定(ding)好的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要,都是(shi)(shi)全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱的(de)(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發現(xian)室內溫(wen)度(du)達不(bu)到(dao)約定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun),可申請退款。集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖主(zhu)要采用地(di)(di)暖形(xing)式(shi),存在(zai)管(guan)(guan)網熱損失、管(guan)(guan)路輸送能(neng)耗(hao)、初期建設(she)成本高等(deng)不(bu)利(li)因素,且由于建設(she)或運行管(guan)(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)原因會造成冷(leng)熱不(bu)均(jun)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang),但(dan)從大環(huan)境講,對北方地(di)(di)區來說(shuo),天氣(qi)比較冷(leng),需(xu)要供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖時(shi)間長,集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖是(shi)(shi)比較經(jing)濟節(jie)能(neng)、安全(quan)環(huan)保的(de)(de)(de)采暖系統形(xing)式(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活質量及知(zhi)識水平(ping)(ping)的(de)提(ti)高,人們的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)意識不(bu)斷提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高資源的(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)率,減少污染排放,需要(yao)嚴格要(yao)求(qiu)供(gong)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)個環節(jie)(jie)。供(gong)熱(re)(re)采(cai)暖系(xi)統(tong)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)途(tu)徑和(he)措施(shi)有(you):1、熱(re)(re)源方(fang)面:選擇合適(shi)的(de)鍋爐設備、提(ti)高操作(zuo)(zuo)技術、運用(yong)(yong)新的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技術。2、熱(re)(re)網方(fang)面:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)技術、聚氨酯(zhi)保(bao)溫(wen)直埋技術,實現熱(re)(re)力(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)網的(de)水力(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng),減少供(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)熱(re)(re)損耗,加強供(gong)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗全程監測,定期維護(hu)管(guan)(guan)理供(gong)熱(re)(re)設備。3、熱(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)方(fang)面:讓用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)逐漸(jian)樹立良(liang)好的(de)觀(guan)念,做到經濟(ji)取暖;推廣分(fen)戶(hu)雙管(guan)(guan)系(xi)統(tong),實施(shi)熱(re)(re)表到戶(hu)、計(ji)量收費;加強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)培訓工作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)(li)度,提(ti)高節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減耗意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖是(shi)按面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收費(fei)的,一般(ban)以房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)所有(you)(you)權(quan)證(zheng)標明的建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為準,對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)所有(you)(you)權(quan)證(zheng)的面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji))部(bu)分(fen),有(you)(you)供暖設施(shi)(shi)的應予收費(fei),無供暖設施(shi)(shi)的不予收費(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)部(bu)分(fen),因此也要(yao)收費(fei),具體的收費(fei)標準是(shi):室(shi)內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以下的,按房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)60%收費(fei);室(shi)內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.2米(mi)以上,2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以下的,按房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)90%收費(fei);室(shi)內(nei)(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.7米(mi)以上,按房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)(wu)實際套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)收費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。