一、什么是集中供暖
在(zai)寒冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)冬季,北方(fang)的(de)(de)城市會采(cai)取集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是集(ji)中(zhong)集(ji)團式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)一種形(xing)式(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)劃分片區,施工鋪管(guan)至每(mei)家每(mei)戶,業(ye)主需要(yao)在(zai)規定(ding)時間到指定(ding)地點(dian)繳費,然后由(you)單位安(an)(an)排試(shi)壓,等氣溫(wen)降(jiang)下來(lai)以(yi)后,統(tong)一供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)是設定(ding)好的(de)(de),不管(guan)是否需要(yao),都是全(quan)天(tian)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de),若(ruo)業(ye)主發(fa)現室內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)達不到約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)標(biao)準,可申(shen)請(qing)退(tui)款。集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主要(yao)采(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式(shi)(shi),存在(zai)管(guan)網熱(re)(re)損失、管(guan)路輸送能(neng)耗、初期(qi)建設成(cheng)本高等不利因素,且由(you)于建設或運行(xing)管(guan)理水(shui)平原因會造成(cheng)冷(leng)(leng)熱(re)(re)不均(jun)的(de)(de)情況(kuang),但從大環境講,對北方(fang)地區來(lai)說,天(tian)氣比較(jiao)冷(leng)(leng),需要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是比較(jiao)經濟節能(neng)、安(an)(an)全(quan)環保(bao)的(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們生活質量(liang)及知識(shi)水(shui)平的(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高,人(ren)們的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)環保(bao)意(yi)識(shi)不斷提(ti)(ti)升,為了提(ti)(ti)高資源的(de)(de)利用率(lv),減少污染排放,需要嚴格(ge)要求供(gong)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)各個環節(jie)(jie)(jie)。供(gong)熱(re)(re)采(cai)暖系(xi)統(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)主要途(tu)徑和措施有:1、熱(re)(re)源方(fang)面:選(xuan)擇合(he)適的(de)(de)鍋(guo)爐設(she)備、提(ti)(ti)高操作(zuo)技術(shu)(shu)、運用新(xin)的(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)網(wang)方(fang)面:采(cai)用平衡調節(jie)(jie)(jie)技術(shu)(shu)、聚(ju)氨酯保(bao)溫直(zhi)埋技術(shu)(shu),實現熱(re)(re)力管網(wang)的(de)(de)水(shui)力平衡,減少供(gong)熱(re)(re)管道(dao)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)損耗(hao)(hao),加強供(gong)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)全程監測,定(ding)期(qi)維(wei)護管理供(gong)熱(re)(re)設(she)備。3、熱(re)(re)用戶(hu)方(fang)面:讓用戶(hu)逐漸樹(shu)立(li)良(liang)好的(de)(de)觀念,做到經(jing)濟取暖;推廣分戶(hu)雙管系(xi)統(tong),實施熱(re)(re)表(biao)到戶(hu)、計量(liang)收費(fei);加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)培(pei)訓工(gong)作(zuo)力度(du),提(ti)(ti)高節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)減耗(hao)(hao)意(yi)識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖(nuan)是按面積(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費的,一般(ban)以(yi)房(fang)屋(wu)所有權證標(biao)明的建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)為準,對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)所有權證的面積(ji)(ji)(贈送面積(ji)(ji))部分,有供暖(nuan)設施的應予收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費,無供暖(nuan)設施的不(bu)予收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費,公攤(tan)面積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)部分,因此也要(yao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費,具體的收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費標(biao)準是:室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.2米(mi)(mi)(含2.2米(mi)(mi))以(yi)下(xia)的,按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.2米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,2.7米(mi)(mi)(含2.7米(mi)(mi))以(yi)下(xia)的,按房(fang)屋(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)2.7米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上,按房(fang)屋(wu)實際(ji)套內(nei)建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。