一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)(de)(de)冬季,北方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)城市會(hui)采(cai)取集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)集(ji)團式供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)式,供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企業劃分片區(qu),施工鋪(pu)管至每家每戶,業主(zhu)需要(yao)在規定時間(jian)到(dao)指(zhi)定地點繳費,然后由(you)單位安排試壓,等(deng)氣溫(wen)降下來(lai)(lai)以后,統(tong)一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)(shi)設(she)定好的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)否需要(yao),都是(shi)(shi)全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de),若業主(zhu)發現室內(nei)溫(wen)度(du)達不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)約(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun),可申請退款。集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)采(cai)用地暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)(xing)式,存在管網熱(re)(re)損失、管路輸送能耗、初期建設(she)成本高等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利因(yin)素,且由(you)于建設(she)或運行(xing)管理水平原因(yin)會(hui)造成冷熱(re)(re)不(bu)(bu)(bu)均的(de)(de)(de)情況,但從大環境講(jiang),對(dui)北方(fang)地區(qu)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo),天氣比(bi)較冷,需要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時間(jian)長,集(ji)中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較經(jing)濟節能、安全(quan)環保的(de)(de)(de)采(cai)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統(tong)形(xing)(xing)式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨(sui)著人們生活質量(liang)及(ji)知識(shi)水平的(de)提高,人們的(de)節能(neng)(neng)環保意識(shi)不斷提升(sheng),為了提高資源(yuan)的(de)利(li)用率,減(jian)少污(wu)染排(pai)放,需要(yao)嚴(yan)格要(yao)求供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)個環節。供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)采暖系(xi)統(tong)節能(neng)(neng)的(de)主要(yao)途徑(jing)和措施(shi)有:1、熱(re)(re)(re)源(yuan)方面(mian)(mian):選擇合適(shi)的(de)鍋爐設備、提高操作技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、運用新的(de)節能(neng)(neng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)(re)網方面(mian)(mian):采用平衡調節技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、聚氨(an)酯保溫直(zhi)埋(mai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu),實(shi)現熱(re)(re)(re)力(li)(li)管(guan)網的(de)水力(li)(li)平衡,減(jian)少供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)道的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)損耗(hao)(hao),加強供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)(hao)全程監(jian)測,定期維護管(guan)理供(gong)熱(re)(re)(re)設備。3、熱(re)(re)(re)用戶(hu)方面(mian)(mian):讓用戶(hu)逐漸樹立(li)良好的(de)觀念,做到(dao)經(jing)濟取暖;推廣分戶(hu)雙管(guan)系(xi)統(tong),實(shi)施(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)、計量(liang)收費;加強節能(neng)(neng)培(pei)訓工作力(li)(li)度,提高節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)耗(hao)(hao)意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱采暖是按(an)(an)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收費(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de),一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)房(fang)屋所(suo)有(you)權證(zheng)標(biao)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)屋所(suo)有(you)權證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(贈送面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))部分,有(you)供(gong)暖設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應予(yu)收費(fei),無供(gong)暖設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不予(yu)收費(fei),公攤面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)部分,因此也要(yao)收費(fei),具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)收費(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是:室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de),按(an)(an)房(fang)屋套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)60%收費(fei);室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.2米(mi)以(yi)上,2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de),按(an)(an)房(fang)屋套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)90%收費(fei);室內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高(gao)在(zai)(zai)2.7米(mi)以(yi)上,按(an)(an)房(fang)屋實際套(tao)內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。