一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)冬季,北方的(de)城市(shi)會采取集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)形式為住宅供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采暖(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan),實際上是集(ji)中集(ji)團式供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形式,供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)企(qi)業(ye)劃(hua)分片區,施工鋪(pu)管(guan)至(zhi)每(mei)家每(mei)戶,業(ye)主(zhu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)在規定時間到(dao)指定地(di)點(dian)繳費,然后由單位(wei)安排試壓,等氣溫(wen)降(jiang)下來以后,統一(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)的(de)溫(wen)度是設(she)定好的(de),不(bu)管(guan)是否需(xu)(xu)要(yao),都是全(quan)天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de),若業(ye)主(zhu)發現室內溫(wen)度達不(bu)到(dao)約定的(de)標(biao)準,可申(shen)請退款。集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)采用地(di)暖(nuan)(nuan)形式,存在管(guan)網熱(re)損失、管(guan)路輸送能(neng)耗(hao)、初(chu)期建設(she)成本高等不(bu)利(li)因素,且由于建設(she)或運行管(guan)理水(shui)平(ping)原因會造成冷熱(re)不(bu)均的(de)情(qing)況,但(dan)從大環境講,對北方地(di)區來說(shuo),天氣比(bi)(bi)較冷,需(xu)(xu)要(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)時間長,集(ji)中供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)是比(bi)(bi)較經濟節能(neng)、安全(quan)環保(bao)的(de)采暖(nuan)(nuan)系統形式。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人(ren)們生活質量及知識(shi)水(shui)平的(de)(de)提(ti)高,人(ren)們的(de)(de)節能環保意識(shi)不斷(duan)提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高資源的(de)(de)利用(yong)(yong)率,減少污染排放(fang),需要(yao)嚴格(ge)要(yao)求供(gong)熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)個環節。供(gong)熱(re)采暖系(xi)統(tong)節能的(de)(de)主要(yao)途徑(jing)和(he)措施(shi)有:1、熱(re)源方面(mian):選(xuan)擇合適的(de)(de)鍋爐(lu)設備、提(ti)高操作技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、運用(yong)(yong)新的(de)(de)節能技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)網方面(mian):采用(yong)(yong)平衡調節技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、聚氨(an)酯保溫(wen)直埋(mai)技(ji)術(shu)(shu),實現熱(re)力(li)管網的(de)(de)水(shui)力(li)平衡,減少供(gong)熱(re)管道的(de)(de)熱(re)損耗,加強(qiang)供(gong)熱(re)能耗全程監(jian)測,定期維護管理供(gong)熱(re)設備。3、熱(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)方面(mian):讓用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)逐漸(jian)樹立良好的(de)(de)觀(guan)念,做(zuo)到經(jing)濟取暖;推(tui)廣分戶(hu)(hu)(hu)雙管系(xi)統(tong),實施(shi)熱(re)表(biao)到戶(hu)(hu)(hu)、計量收費;加強(qiang)節能培(pei)訓工(gong)作力(li)度,提(ti)高節能減耗意識(shi)。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖(nuan)是按(an)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積收(shou)(shou)(shou)費的(de)(de)(de),一般以房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所(suo)有權證標(biao)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積為準,對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所(suo)有權證的(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(贈送面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積)部分(fen),有供暖(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)應予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,無(wu)供暖(nuan)設施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)不予(yu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,公攤面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積屬于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積部分(fen),因此也要收(shou)(shou)(shou)費,具體的(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費標(biao)準是:室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)(gao)在2.2米(mi)(mi)(含(han)2.2米(mi)(mi))以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)(gao)在2.2米(mi)(mi)以上(shang),2.7米(mi)(mi)(含(han)2.7米(mi)(mi))以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)費;室內(nei)(nei)凈高(gao)(gao)在2.7米(mi)(mi)以上(shang),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實際套(tao)內(nei)(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積收(shou)(shou)(shou)費。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。