一、什么是集中供暖
在寒冷的(de)冬季,北方的(de)城市會采(cai)(cai)取集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)形式(shi)(shi)為住宅(zhai)供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan),所謂(wei)的(de)集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan),實際上是(shi)(shi)集中(zhong)集團式(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種形式(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)企業劃分片(pian)區(qu),施工鋪(pu)管至每家每戶,業主需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在規定(ding)時間(jian)到指定(ding)地點繳費,然后由單(dan)位(wei)安排試壓(ya),等氣(qi)溫(wen)降下來以后,統一(yi)(yi)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan);一(yi)(yi)般供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)設定(ding)好的(de),不(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao),都是(shi)(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de),若業主發(fa)現(xian)室內溫(wen)度(du)(du)達不(bu)(bu)到約定(ding)的(de)標準,可申請退款。集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)采(cai)(cai)用地暖(nuan)形式(shi)(shi),存在管網熱(re)損失、管路輸送能耗(hao)、初期建設成本(ben)高等不(bu)(bu)利因(yin)素,且由于建設或運行管理水平(ping)原因(yin)會造成冷熱(re)不(bu)(bu)均的(de)情(qing)況(kuang),但從(cong)大(da)環(huan)(huan)境講,對北方地區(qu)來說,天氣(qi)比(bi)較(jiao)冷,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)時間(jian)長,集中(zhong)供(gong)(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)是(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)經濟節能、安全環(huan)(huan)保的(de)采(cai)(cai)暖(nuan)系統形式(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活質(zhi)量及知識水平(ping)的提高(gao),人們的節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保意識不斷提升,為了提高(gao)資(zi)源的利用(yong)(yong)率,減(jian)少(shao)污染排放(fang),需要嚴格要求供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)個環節(jie)(jie)(jie)。供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)采暖系(xi)統(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)的主要途徑和(he)措施有(you):1、熱(re)(re)源方面(mian)(mian)(mian):選擇(ze)合(he)適的鍋爐(lu)設備、提高(gao)操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、運用(yong)(yong)新的節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。2、熱(re)(re)網方面(mian)(mian)(mian):采用(yong)(yong)平(ping)衡(heng)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、聚氨酯(zhi)保溫直埋技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),實現熱(re)(re)力管(guan)網的水力平(ping)衡(heng),減(jian)少(shao)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)管(guan)道的熱(re)(re)損耗(hao),加強(qiang)供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)全(quan)程監測(ce),定期維(wei)護管(guan)理供(gong)(gong)熱(re)(re)設備。3、熱(re)(re)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian):讓用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)逐漸樹(shu)立良好的觀念,做(zuo)到(dao)經濟取暖;推廣分(fen)戶(hu)(hu)雙管(guan)系(xi)統(tong),實施熱(re)(re)表到(dao)戶(hu)(hu)、計量收費(fei);加強(qiang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)培(pei)訓工作(zuo)力度,提高(gao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)耗(hao)意識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供(gong)熱采(cai)暖(nuan)是按(an)面積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)的(de)(de),一(yi)般(ban)以(yi)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證標(biao)明(ming)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)為(wei)準(zhun),對未列入房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所有權證的(de)(de)面積(ji)(ji)(贈送(song)面積(ji)(ji))部(bu)分,有供(gong)暖(nuan)設施的(de)(de)應予(yu)收(shou)費(fei),無供(gong)暖(nuan)設施的(de)(de)不予(yu)收(shou)費(fei),公攤面積(ji)(ji)屬于建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)部(bu)分,因(yin)此也要收(shou)費(fei),具體的(de)(de)收(shou)費(fei)標(biao)準(zhun)是:室(shi)(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.2米(含2.2米)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)60%收(shou)費(fei);室(shi)(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.2米以(yi)上(shang),2.7米(含2.7米)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)90%收(shou)費(fei);室(shi)(shi)內(nei)凈(jing)(jing)高在(zai)2.7米以(yi)上(shang),按(an)房(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實際套內(nei)建(jian)筑(zhu)面積(ji)(ji)收(shou)費(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。