一、什么是集中供暖
在寒(han)冷(leng)的(de)冬季,北方的(de)城市會(hui)采取(qu)集中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為住(zhu)宅供(gong)(gong)熱(re)采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),所謂的(de)集中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan),實際上是(shi)集中集團式(shi)(shi)(shi)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi),供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)企業(ye)劃分片區(qu)(qu),施工鋪管至每家(jia)每戶,業(ye)主(zhu)需(xu)要(yao)在規定(ding)時(shi)間到指定(ding)地點繳費,然后由單(dan)位安排試(shi)壓,等氣溫降(jiang)下來以(yi)后,統一(yi)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan);一(yi)般供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)的(de)溫度是(shi)設定(ding)好的(de),不(bu)管是(shi)否需(xu)要(yao),都是(shi)全天供(gong)(gong)熱(re)的(de),若(ruo)業(ye)主(zhu)發現室內溫度達不(bu)到約定(ding)的(de)標準,可申請(qing)退款。集中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)主(zhu)要(yao)采用地暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi),存在管網熱(re)損失、管路輸(shu)送能(neng)耗、初期建(jian)(jian)設成本高等不(bu)利(li)因(yin)素(su),且由于建(jian)(jian)設或運行管理(li)水平原因(yin)會(hui)造成冷(leng)熱(re)不(bu)均(jun)的(de)情況,但從(cong)大環境講,對北方地區(qu)(qu)來說,天氣比較冷(leng),需(xu)要(yao)供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)時(shi)間長,集中供(gong)(gong)暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)是(shi)比較經濟節能(neng)、安全環保(bao)的(de)采暖(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)(nuan)系統形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。
二、供熱采暖系統節能方式
隨著人們生活(huo)質量及(ji)知識水平(ping)的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),人們的(de)(de)節能環(huan)保意(yi)識不(bu)斷提(ti)升,為了提(ti)高(gao)(gao)資(zi)源的(de)(de)利用(yong)率(lv),減少污(wu)染排放(fang),需要嚴格要求供(gong)熱(re)系(xi)統各(ge)個(ge)環(huan)節。供(gong)熱(re)采暖系(xi)統節能的(de)(de)主要途徑和措施有:1、熱(re)源方面:選擇(ze)合適的(de)(de)鍋爐設備、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)操作(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)、運用(yong)新的(de)(de)節能技(ji)術(shu)。2、熱(re)網(wang)方面:采用(yong)平(ping)衡調節技(ji)術(shu)、聚氨酯保溫直埋(mai)技(ji)術(shu),實(shi)現熱(re)力(li)管(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)水力(li)平(ping)衡,減少供(gong)熱(re)管(guan)(guan)道的(de)(de)熱(re)損耗(hao),加(jia)(jia)強供(gong)熱(re)能耗(hao)全程監測,定(ding)期維(wei)護管(guan)(guan)理(li)供(gong)熱(re)設備。3、熱(re)用(yong)戶方面:讓用(yong)戶逐漸樹立良好(hao)的(de)(de)觀念,做到經濟取暖;推廣分戶雙管(guan)(guan)系(xi)統,實(shi)施熱(re)表(biao)到戶、計量收(shou)費;加(jia)(jia)強節能培訓工作(zuo)力(li)度,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)節能減耗(hao)意(yi)識。
三、供熱采暖面積算公攤面積嗎
供熱采暖是按(an)(an)面(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)的,一般以房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所(suo)有權證標明的建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)準,對未列入房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)所(suo)有權證的面(mian)積(ji)(贈送面(mian)積(ji))部分,有供暖設施的應予收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei),無供暖設施的不予收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei),公(gong)攤面(mian)積(ji)屬于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)部分,因此(ci)也要(yao)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei),具體的收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)標準是:室(shi)內(nei)凈高在2.2米(mi)(含2.2米(mi))以下的,按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)60%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈高在2.2米(mi)以上(shang),2.7米(mi)(含2.7米(mi))以下的,按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)90%收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei);室(shi)內(nei)凈高在2.7米(mi)以上(shang),按(an)(an)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)(wu)實際套內(nei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)。
四、采暖設備有哪幾種
采暖設備種類眾多,按大類可分為電采暖設備和水采暖設備兩大類,其中,電采暖設備又包括電暖氣片、壁掛爐、空調、暖風機、電熱油汀、小太陽等,優點是低碳環保,采暖率高;缺點是有輻射,使用成本高。水采暖設備包括水暖氣片、水地暖、水暖毯、水暖床墊、熱水袋、太陽能集熱器等,優點是舒適節能,使用壽命長;缺點是控溫不好,需定期清潔。不管選哪種采暖設備,都要選擇正規優質的供熱采暖品牌購買。