芒果视频

基本簡介

科(ke)迦(jia)寺(si)是(shi)普蘭縣大寺(si)，歷史悠久，在當地(di)享有(you)盛(sheng)名(ming)，每(mei)年(nian)(nian)都有(you)阿里地(di)區(qu)札達、噶爾等縣及境外尼泊爾的(de)信徒(tu)前來(lai)朝拜。“文(wen)(wen)革”期(qi)間，寺(si)院(yuan)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遭(zao)到嚴重破壞，部(bu)(bu)分(fen)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)被(bei)毀(hui)，殿(dian)內(nei)塑像、壁畫(hua)受損(sun)嚴重。20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代以后，對古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)陸續進行維修(xiu)，修(xiu)復了(le)瑪(ma)尼拉康(kang)(kang)等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。2001年(nian)(nian)6月25日，科(ke)迦(jia)寺(si)作為(wei)(wei)公元996年(nian)(nian)的(de)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，被(bei)國務(wu)院(yuan)列為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。科(ke)迦(jia)寺(si)主要(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)覺(jue)康(kang)(kang)和百(bai)柱(zhu)殿(dian)，兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)呈“L”形(xing)布置(zhi)。覺(jue)康(kang)(kang)位于(yu)寺(si)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)，面朝北；百(bai)柱(zhu)殿(dian)位于(yu)寺(si)西(xi)部(bu)(bu)，面朝東。兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)前有(you)空間不大的(de)廣場(chang)(chang)，廣場(chang)(chang)中部(bu)(bu)有(you)水井、高大的(de)塔欽和香(xiang)爐(lu)，廣場(chang)(chang)四周的(de)墻壁上建(jian)墻廊，置(zhi)瑪(ma)尼筒，是(shi)該寺(si)進行宗教(jiao)活(huo)動、民間慶典活(huo)動的(de)聚集地(di)。寺(si)廟(miao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)周圍還(huan)有(you)轉經(jing)道。

歷史傳說

覺康　即釋迦殿，是僧眾(zhong)聚集頌經(jing)的場所(suo)。覺康由(you)廊院(yuan)、門廊和殿身(shen)三部分組成。

廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)、門(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)體量較小(xiao)，殿(dian)身(shen)體量巨大(da)。覺康外墻(qiang)均飾紅色(se)(se)，頂部裝飾邊瑪草。整個殿(dian)堂(tang)外觀和諧(xie)，氣勢莊嚴。①廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)。位于(yu)覺康最南(nan)(nan)部，20世紀80年代末增建(jian)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)由后(hou)(hou)建(jian)回(hui)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)與大(da)殿(dian)門(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)共同圍成(cheng)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側墻(qiang)壁(bi)正中設門(men)，門(men)兩(liang)(liang)側懸挑斗拱，在門(men)上方形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)凸出的(de)屋檐。這種(zhong)建(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式是衛藏(zang)地區的(de)常(chang)用手法。院(yuan)內(nei)東西兩(liang)(liang)側及門(men)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)邊均為(wei)內(nei)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)，計6間，廊(lang)(lang)(lang)下設有藏(zang)床和卡墊，供人們休(xiu)息。②門(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)。由門(men)外敞廊(lang)(lang)(lang)和門(men)內(nei)過廳(ting)組成(cheng)。敞廊(lang)(lang)(lang)的(de)柱、托木、梁等均有彩繪，顏色(se)(se)以藍綠色(se)(se)為(wei)主。條形(xing)(xing)(xing)門(men)廳(ting)內(nei)無陳(chen)設。③殿(dian)身(shen)。平面(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)多邊“亞”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，表示密(mi)宗的(de)曼陀(tuo)羅。左(zuo)右沿南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)軸線對稱，前后(hou)(hou)不對稱，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長30．5米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)21． 9米(mi)(mi)。殿(dian)身(shen)大(da)門(men)設于(yu)殿(dian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)正中，通高3米(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)2． 3米(mi)(mi)。大(da)門(men)為(wei)對開(kai)4扇(shan)板門(men)，上有門(men)銜、門(men)環、銅包葉等飾物。進(jin)入大(da)門(men)是平面(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)(cheng)“凸”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)經堂(tang)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)長25米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)8．4米(mi)(mi)。扇(shan)面(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)呈(cheng)(cheng)“U”形(xing)(xing)(xing)，與三面(mian)(mian)邊墻(qiang)間形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)轉經通道。扇(shan)面(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)內(nei)側佛(fo)臺(tai)供塑像3尊，均立像，戴冠，通身(shen)飾金(jin)。

兩側面(mian)的(de)扇面(mian)墻(qiang)上(shang)均繪有(you)壁畫，殿身兩側墻(qiang)壁布(bu)滿(man)直通屋頂的(de)經書柜。自覺康東側的(de)露天臺階可(ke)達二層。二層房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋大(da)致呈天井式(shi)布(bu)局，中(zhong)央是露天庭院，四周(zhou)環以裙(qun)房(fang)(fang)(fang)。底(di)層天窗的(de)上(shang)方(fang)建有(you)進深2間(jian)、面(mian)闊3間(jian)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)室(shi)。二層北側、東西兩側各有(you)狹(xia)長形的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)室(shi)與(yu)中(zhong)部6間(jian)大(da)房(fang)(fang)(fang)相通，南端有(you)小(xiao)(xiao)室(shi)3間(jian)與(yu)敞廊相通。從布(bu)局看，二層是聽經、辯經的(de)場所(suo)。

百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)　藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)名(ming)(ming)“嘎加拉(la)康(kang)”。百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體量較大(da)(da)，系由多(duo)(duo)座殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)和生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)房組(zu)合而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)復合建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。據記載(zai)(zai)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是科迦寺(si)最(zui)早建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)遺存構(gou)件、壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)等尚能看出(chu)早期建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)痕跡，但殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后期改建(jian)較多(duo)(duo)。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已較少使用(yong)，僅二層僧舍、伙房仍在使用(yong)，主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)聚會(hui)、頌(song)經場所(suo)已移(yi)至覺康(kang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是科迦寺(si)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，為該寺(si)主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外墻(qiang)為磚紅(hong)色，上部以厚(hou)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)瑪(ma)草裝飾檐口。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平面呈(cheng)多(duo)(duo)邊(bian)“亞”字形，沿東(dong)西(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)線(xian)基(ji)本對稱。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)33．5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長41．9米(mi)(mi)(mi)。首層平面的(de)(de)(de)布局為早期的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環以小殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)形式。①主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)。大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)洞口高(gao)3．6米(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)(kuan)3．48米(mi)(mi)(mi)；門(men)(men)(men)框、門(men)(men)(men)檻圍成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)口高(gao)2．23米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)(kuan)1．59米(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)框、門(men)(men)(men)楣(mei)雕(diao)刻精美，構(gou)造(zao)復雜，是價值極(ji)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)品。大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)框、門(men)(men)(men)楣(mei)均(jun)設多(duo)(duo)層裝飾，層層遞收，上部雕(diao)刻有(you)(you)花草、獸鳥(niao)、佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)、人物(wu)(wu)故事(shi)、佛(fo)(fo)龕建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)等。門(men)(men)(men)框、門(men)(men)(men)楣(mei)的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)塑形式，特別是獅面及(ji)各種神(shen)龕表(biao)現的(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)式、花紋(wen)圖案(an)，反映出(chu)佛(fo)(fo)龕或(huo)窟的(de)(de)(de)外觀，模仿(fang)了印度(du)或(huo)尼泊爾(er)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)(fo)教建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。據歷(li)史記載(zai)(zai)，藏(zang)(zang)(zang)傳佛(fo)(fo)教后弘期，阿里許多(duo)(duo)僧眾赴印度(du)、尼泊爾(er)留(liu)學(xue)時，帶回許多(duo)(duo)當地的(de)(de)(de)工匠進阿里營建(jian)寺(si)廟，該大(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)即是當時交流的(de)(de)(de)產物(wu)(wu)。②底層大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百(bai)(bai)(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)心，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向7柱(zhu)(zhu)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向4柱(zhu)(zhu)，共28柱(zhu)(zhu)，室內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長19．8米(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)13．2米(mi)(mi)(mi)。室內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)為片石(shi)地面，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)原供佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)無存。天(tian)窗后墻(qiang)上繪有(you)(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，題材(cai)為釋迦牟尼及(ji)兩弟子、羅漢(han)及(ji)兩高(gao)僧。中(zhong)央(yang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)其他壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)為20世紀80年代(dai)重(zhong)繪。③南(nan)側(ce)(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)名(ming)(ming)“橋居拉(la)康(kang)”，位于中(zhong)央(yang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后腰(yao)部，北(bei)(bei)向開門(men)(men)(men)。室內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)面闊9．5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，進深7．6米(mi)(mi)(mi)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向柱(zhu)(zhu)3根，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向柱(zhu)(zhu)4根，共用(yong)柱(zhu)(zhu)12根。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)墻(qiang)及(ji)南(nan)墻(qiang)下有(you)(you)供臺。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)墻(qiang)面殘(can)留(liu)有(you)(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，主(zhu)繪結禪定(ding)印、跏趺坐佛(fo)(fo)及(ji)二侍衛(wei)菩(pu)薩(sa)和多(duo)(duo)位佛(fo)(fo)母(mu)，周圍環以小像(xiang)。在殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)角殘(can)墻(qiang)上有(you)(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)風格(ge)與古格(ge)王國都城(cheng)遺址、托林寺(si)十(shi)分相似。④北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)名(ming)(ming)“桑吉拉(la)康(kang)”。與南(nan)側(ce)(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)對稱布置于中(zhong)央(yang)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)后腰(yao)，空間尺度(du)與南(nan)側(ce)(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)本一致，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)下有(you)(you)供臺，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)無壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)。

寺廟文物

科迦寺(si)(si)依(yi)地勢建造，依(yi)山(shan)傍水，坐南(nan)朝(chao)北，南(nan)北高(gao)山(shan)環抱。整(zheng)個寺(si)(si)廟(miao)殿(dian)宇巍峨，各種大小經堂(tang)僧(seng)舍、舍利塔等相互映襯。寺(si)(si)廟(miao)建筑藝術風格獨(du)特(te)，建造工藝精良(liang)，可(ke)惜已有部分(fen)損毀(hui)；寺(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)原收藏大藏經100余卷，只剩下6卷真品；殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)畫保存完好，風格鮮明獨(du)特(te)，均為百年(nian)珍品。

2009年11月 總(zong)投資1500萬元的西(xi)藏阿(a)里科(ke)迦寺維修保護(hu)工程(cheng)一期(qi)工程(cheng)近日全部完工。西(xi)藏阿(a)里地區(qu)文化局(ju)局(ju)長(chang)次(ci)仁扎(zha)西(xi)表(biao)示，即將(jiang)開始的二期(qi)工程(cheng)將(jiang)側重(zhong)科(ke)迦寺周邊僧舍和民(min)居的保護(hu)，力爭(zheng)使科(ke)迦寺及科(ke)迦村作為一個文化整體呈現在(zai)世(shi)人(ren)面前。