芒果视频

基本簡介

科(ke)迦(jia)(jia)寺(si)是普蘭縣大寺(si)，歷(li)史悠(you)久，在當地享有(you)盛名，每(mei)年(nian)都有(you)阿(a)里(li)地區札達(da)、噶爾(er)等縣及境外尼(ni)泊爾(er)的(de)信徒前來朝拜。“文(wen)(wen)革(ge)”期間(jian)，寺(si)院(yuan)文(wen)(wen)物、建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遭(zao)到嚴(yan)重破壞(huai)，部(bu)分(fen)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)被毀，殿(dian)內(nei)塑像、壁(bi)畫受損嚴(yan)重。20世紀80年(nian)代以后，對古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)陸續進行維修，修復(fu)了瑪(ma)尼(ni)拉康(kang)等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。2001年(nian)6月25日，科(ke)迦(jia)(jia)寺(si)作為(wei)(wei)公元996年(nian)的(de)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，被國務院(yuan)列為(wei)(wei)全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)(wei)。科(ke)迦(jia)(jia)寺(si)主要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)覺(jue)(jue)康(kang)和百柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)，兩殿(dian)呈“L”形布置。覺(jue)(jue)康(kang)位(wei)(wei)于寺(si)南部(bu)，面朝北(bei)；百柱(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)位(wei)(wei)于寺(si)西部(bu)，面朝東。兩殿(dian)前有(you)空間(jian)不大的(de)廣(guang)場，廣(guang)場中(zhong)部(bu)有(you)水井、高(gao)大的(de)塔欽和香爐，廣(guang)場四(si)周的(de)墻壁(bi)上建(jian)墻廊，置瑪(ma)尼(ni)筒，是該寺(si)進行宗教活動、民間(jian)慶典活動的(de)聚集地。寺(si)廟建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)周圍還有(you)轉(zhuan)經道。

歷史傳說

覺(jue)康　即釋迦殿(dian)，是僧眾聚集(ji)頌(song)經的場(chang)所。覺(jue)康由(you)廊院、門廊和殿(dian)身(shen)三部分組成。

廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)(yuan)、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)體量較小(xiao)，殿(dian)身(shen)體量巨大(da)。覺康外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均(jun)(jun)飾(shi)紅色，頂部裝飾(shi)邊(bian)(bian)瑪草(cao)。整(zheng)個殿(dian)堂(tang)外觀(guan)和(he)諧，氣勢莊(zhuang)嚴。①廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)(yuan)。位于覺康最南(nan)部，20世紀80年代末增建(jian)(jian)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)(yuan)由后建(jian)(jian)回廊(lang)(lang)(lang)與大(da)殿(dian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)共同圍(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)側墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)壁正中設(she)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側懸挑斗拱，在門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)上方形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)凸出的(de)(de)屋檐。這(zhe)種建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式是衛藏(zang)地區(qu)的(de)(de)常用手法(fa)。院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)東西(xi)兩側及(ji)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)兩邊(bian)(bian)均(jun)(jun)為內(nei)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)，計6間，廊(lang)(lang)(lang)下設(she)有藏(zang)床和(he)卡墊(dian)，供人們(men)休(xiu)息。②門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)。由門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外敞(chang)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)和(he)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內(nei)過廳組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。敞(chang)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)的(de)(de)柱、托木、梁等均(jun)(jun)有彩繪，顏色以藍綠(lv)色為主。條形(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)廳內(nei)無陳設(she)。③殿(dian)身(shen)。平面(mian)呈多邊(bian)(bian)“亞(ya)”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)，表示密宗的(de)(de)曼(man)陀(tuo)羅。左右沿南(nan)北(bei)(bei)軸(zhou)線對(dui)稱，前(qian)后不對(dui)稱，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)30．5米，東西(xi)寬21． 9米。殿(dian)身(shen)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)設(she)于殿(dian)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)正中，通高3米，寬2． 3米。大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為對(dui)開4扇(shan)板門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)，上有門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)銜、門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)環(huan)、銅包葉等飾(shi)物。進入大(da)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是平面(mian)呈“凸”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)經堂(tang)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)25米，東西(xi)寬8．4米。扇(shan)面(mian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)呈“U”形(xing)(xing)，與三面(mian)邊(bian)(bian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)間形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)轉(zhuan)經通道。扇(shan)面(mian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內(nei)側佛臺供塑像3尊(zun)，均(jun)(jun)立像，戴(dai)冠，通身(shen)飾(shi)金。

兩(liang)側面的(de)(de)扇面墻上均繪有(you)壁(bi)畫，殿身兩(liang)側墻壁(bi)布滿直通屋(wu)頂的(de)(de)經(jing)書柜。自覺康東側的(de)(de)露天(tian)臺階可達二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)房(fang)屋(wu)大致呈天(tian)井(jing)式布局，中(zhong)央(yang)是露天(tian)庭院，四周環以(yi)裙房(fang)。底層(ceng)(ceng)天(tian)窗的(de)(de)上方建有(you)進深(shen)2間(jian)、面闊3間(jian)的(de)(de)小室(shi)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)北側、東西兩(liang)側各有(you)狹長形(xing)的(de)(de)小室(shi)與中(zhong)部(bu)6間(jian)大房(fang)相(xiang)通，南(nan)端(duan)有(you)小室(shi)3間(jian)與敞廊相(xiang)通。從布局看，二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)是聽經(jing)、辯經(jing)的(de)(de)場所。

百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)　藏(zang)文(wen)名“嘎加拉(la)康(kang)”。百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體量較大(da)，系由(you)多(duo)(duo)座(zuo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)和生活用(yong)房(fang)(fang)組(zu)合(he)而成的(de)復合(he)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。據(ju)記(ji)載，百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)科(ke)迦(jia)寺(si)(si)最早(zao)建(jian)造的(de)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)遺(yi)存構(gou)件(jian)、壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)等(deng)尚能看出(chu)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)痕跡，但殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)后(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)改建(jian)較多(duo)(duo)。該殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已(yi)較少使用(yong)，僅(jin)二層(ceng)(ceng)僧舍、伙房(fang)(fang)仍在使用(yong)，主要的(de)聚(ju)會、頌(song)經場所(suo)已(yi)移至覺康(kang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)。百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)科(ke)迦(jia)寺(si)(si)重(zhong)要的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，為(wei)該寺(si)(si)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)磚(zhuan)紅(hong)色，上(shang)部以厚重(zhong)的(de)邊瑪草裝(zhuang)飾(shi)檐口(kou)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平面呈(cheng)多(duo)(duo)邊“亞(ya)”字形，沿東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)軸線基本對稱(cheng)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬33．5米，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長41．9米。首層(ceng)(ceng)平面的(de)布局為(wei)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)中央(yang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)以小殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)形式。①主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)。大(da)門(men)(men)(men)洞(dong)口(kou)高(gao)3．6米寬3．48米；門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)檻圍成的(de)門(men)(men)(men)口(kou)高(gao)2．23米，寬1．59米。門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣雕(diao)刻精美，構(gou)造復雜，是(shi)價值(zhi)極高(gao)的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術(shu)品(pin)。大(da)門(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣均設多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)，層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)遞收，上(shang)部雕(diao)刻有(you)花草、獸鳥、佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)、人(ren)物故事(shi)、佛(fo)(fo)龕建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)。門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣的(de)雕(diao)塑形式，特別是(shi)獅面及各種神龕表現(xian)的(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)式、花紋圖案(an)，反映出(chu)佛(fo)(fo)龕或窟的(de)外觀，模仿了印(yin)度或尼(ni)(ni)泊爾(er)的(de)佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。據(ju)歷(li)史記(ji)載，藏(zang)傳佛(fo)(fo)教(jiao)后(hou)弘期(qi)(qi)(qi)，阿(a)里(li)許多(duo)(duo)僧眾赴印(yin)度、尼(ni)(ni)泊爾(er)留學時，帶回許多(duo)(duo)當地(di)的(de)工(gong)匠進阿(a)里(li)營建(jian)寺(si)(si)廟，該大(da)門(men)(men)(men)即是(shi)當時交流的(de)產物。②底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百(bai)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中心(xin)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向7柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向4柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，共28柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，室(shi)內(nei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長19．8米，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬13．2米。室(shi)內(nei)為(wei)片石(shi)地(di)面，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)原供(gong)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)無存。天窗后(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)繪(hui)有(you)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，題材為(wei)釋迦(jia)牟尼(ni)(ni)及兩(liang)弟(di)子、羅漢及兩(liang)高(gao)僧。中央(yang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)其(qi)他壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)為(wei)20世(shi)紀80年代(dai)重(zhong)繪(hui)。③南(nan)側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)。藏(zang)文(wen)名“橋居拉(la)康(kang)”，位于中央(yang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)腰部，北(bei)(bei)(bei)向開門(men)(men)(men)。室(shi)內(nei)面闊9．5米，進深(shen)7．6米。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)3根(gen)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)向柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)4根(gen)，共用(yong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)12根(gen)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)及南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)下有(you)供(gong)臺(tai)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)面殘(can)(can)留有(you)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，主繪(hui)結禪定印(yin)、跏趺坐佛(fo)(fo)及二侍衛(wei)菩薩和多(duo)(duo)位佛(fo)(fo)母，周圍環(huan)以小像(xiang)。在殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)角殘(can)(can)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)有(you)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)風格與(yu)古格王國都城遺(yi)址、托林寺(si)(si)十分相似。④北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)。藏(zang)文(wen)名“桑吉拉(la)康(kang)”。與(yu)南(nan)側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)對稱(cheng)布置于中央(yang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)側(ce)后(hou)腰，空間尺(chi)度與(yu)南(nan)側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)基本一致，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)下有(you)供(gong)臺(tai)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)無壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)。

寺廟文物

科迦寺(si)(si)(si)依(yi)地勢建(jian)造(zao)，依(yi)山傍水，坐(zuo)南朝北，南北高山環抱。整個(ge)寺(si)(si)(si)廟殿(dian)宇巍峨(e)，各(ge)種大(da)小經(jing)堂僧(seng)舍、舍利塔(ta)等相互映(ying)襯(chen)。寺(si)(si)(si)廟建(jian)筑藝術風格獨特(te)，建(jian)造(zao)工藝精良，可惜已有部分損毀(hui)；寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)原(yuan)收藏大(da)藏經(jing)100余卷(juan)，只剩下(xia)6卷(juan)真(zhen)品(pin)；殿(dian)內(nei)壁畫保存(cun)完好，風格鮮明獨特(te)，均為百(bai)年珍品(pin)。

2009年11月(yue) 總投資1500萬元(yuan)的西(xi)(xi)藏阿(a)里科迦(jia)(jia)(jia)寺(si)維(wei)修保(bao)護工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)一(yi)期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)近日(ri)全部完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。西(xi)(xi)藏阿(a)里地(di)區文化局(ju)(ju)局(ju)(ju)長次仁扎西(xi)(xi)表示，即(ji)將開始(shi)的二期工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)將側重科迦(jia)(jia)(jia)寺(si)周邊(bian)僧舍和民居的保(bao)護，力爭(zheng)使科迦(jia)(jia)(jia)寺(si)及科迦(jia)(jia)(jia)村作為一(yi)個文化整體呈(cheng)現在世人面前。