宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(yǔ wén)為(wei)(wei)復姓(xing),炎帝神農氏后(hou)裔。主要(yao)來源中國(guo)遼東,為(wei)(wei)南(nan)單于之后(hou)。魏晉時(shi),北方鮮(xian)卑族(zu)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)氏部(bu)落(luo),自(zi)稱宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姓(xing)。東晉時(shi),宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)氏進駐中原,稱宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)國(guo),以宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)姓(xing),稱宇(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)氏。
宇文(wen)姓(xing)早(zao)期活動在西北(bei)地(di)區,南北(bei)朝時(shi)期逐步南下內遷。唐代時(shi),他們(men)入地(di)為籍,遍及中原(yuan)各地(di)。宋后宇文(wen)氏已不常見(jian)。如今在河北(bei)、陜(shan)西、山西、北(bei)京、浙江、四川、臺灣等地(di)有(you)少量分布。宇文(wen)姓(xing)人(ren)口排名第551位(wei),人(ren)口約2.1萬人(ren)。
來(lai)自匈奴族,出自魏(wei)、晉(jin)時期遼東匈奴南單(dan)于之后,屬于漢(han)化改(gai)姓為氏。
魏、晉兩(liang)朝時期(qi),北方(fang)鮮卑民族中有一宇文(wen)氏(shi)部落,原(yuan)來是(shi)漢朝時期(qi)南匈奴的一個(ge)分支,在東漢晚期(qi)至三國初期(qi)形成一個(ge)部落群體,族人自稱是(shi)炎帝(di)神(shen)農氏(shi)的后裔。歷史上記(ji)載宇文(wen)部最早起源(yuan)的是(shi)史籍(ji)《周(zhou)書》,其中稱宇文(wen)部源(yuan)自神(shen)農氏(shi),因此應(ying)當(dang)來源(yuan)姜姓(xing)。
中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)學界一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是公元(yuan)(yuan)1世紀時(shi)(shi)北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)被東(dong)漢(han)(han)擊走西遷后(hou)(hou),留在(zai)故地漠北(bei)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眾東(dong)遷與(yu)(yu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)族人(ren)(ren)混(hun)居(ju)(ju)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)被同(tong)化的(de)(de)(de)族群,在(zai)這段期(qi)間該部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾參加(jia)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)首領(ling)(ling)檀石槐(huai)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)聯盟,首領(ling)(ling)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大人(ren)(ren)。因此,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是源自匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)而后(hou)(hou)揉合了鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)血統的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族。據史(shi)籍《后(hou)(hou)漢(han)(han)書(shu)》記載,東(dong)漢(han)(han)和(he)帝(di)年間,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)大將軍竇憲派右校尉耿(geng)夔擊破北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu),“鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)因此轉徙據其(qi)地。匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)余(yu)種(zhong)留者(zhe)尚有十余(yu)萬(wan)落(luo)(luo),皆自號鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)。”在(zai)史(shi)籍《魏書(shu)》中(zhong)也認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是“匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)種(zhong),出(chu)于遼東(dong)塞外,其(qi)先南單(dan)于遠屬(shu)也,世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大人(ren)(ren)。其(qi)語與(yu)(yu)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)頗異。”按史(shi)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)記載:宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)首領(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)祖先叫葛(ge)烏(wu)菟,其(qi)先出(chu)自炎帝(di)神農氏,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黃帝(di)所滅,子(zi)孫(sun)遁居(ju)(ju)朔野為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)苗(miao)裔(yi),實際上就是南匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)某(mou)個(ge)單(dan)于的(de)(de)(de)庶(shu)支后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)。葛(ge)烏(wu)菟是公元(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀人(ren)(ren),原居(ju)(ju)陰山,是鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖,東(dong)漢(han)(han)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)起其(qi)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)子(zi)孫(sun)世襲為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)大人(ren)(ren)。在(zai)史(shi)籍《周書(shu)·文(wen)(wen)帝(di)紀》中(zhong)記載:“葛(ge)烏(wu)菟雄武多算略(lve),鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)慕之(zhi),奉(feng)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,遂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo),世為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大人(ren)(ren)。”葛(ge)烏(wu)菟之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)曰(yue)普(pu)回,普(pu)回有子(zi)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei),約在(zai)公元(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀北(bei)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)西遷時(shi)(shi),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)則自陰山率領(ling)(ling)下(xia)屬(shu)十二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)南下(xia)遷至遼西地區,之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)從(cong)附屬(shu)匈(xiong)奴(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)中(zhong)脫離獨立(li),號稱“鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)俟(si)汾氏”。“俟(si)汾”是鮮(xian)卑(bei)(bei)族語“天(tian)王”之(zhi)意(yi)。俟(si)汾部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日漸(jian)強盛后(hou)(hou),宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)的(de)(de)(de)慕僚(liao)建議改“天(tian)王”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓,但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)忌諱(hui)晉(jin)室,換“天(tian)王”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)”,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)十二部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)中(zhong)已經蘊涵(han)了后(hou)(hou)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)庫莫(mo)(mo)奚部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)和(he)契(qi)丹部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)莫(mo)(mo)那(nei)則被后(hou)(hou)來(lai)南北(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)周政權尊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)獻(xian)侯,并奉(feng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)周皇室的(de)(de)(de)始(shi)祖。
按(an)史籍《周書》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載:葛烏菟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)代(dai)(dai)普回(hui)襲(xi)任(ren)大人(ren)之(zhi)職(zhi)后(hou),他在(zai)(zai)(zai)打(da)獵(lie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)河(he)邊拾到一(yi)(yi)(yi)顆玉璽,上(shang)刻“皇帝璽”三字,大喜之(zhi)下(xia)自以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)天授神權(quan),當地(di)人(ren)呼天為(wei)(wei)(wei)“宇(yu)(yu)”,呼君為(wei)(wei)(wei)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)”,“宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)”意即(ji)“天子”。于(yu)是(shi),這位普回(hui)大人(ren)便自己(ji)號(hao)(hao)稱宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)氏(shi),而自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落就(jiu)叫作(zuo)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)。當然,后(hou)世史學(xue)家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)這純(chun)粹(cui)是(shi)牽強附(fu)(fu)會之(zhi)說。到了(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)進據(ju)中原,號(hao)(hao)稱宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)國(guo)。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫那之(zhi)后(hou)有(you)數(shu)(shu)代(dai)(dai)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領在(zai)(zai)(zai)史書中沒(mei)有(you)任(ren)何記載,一(yi)(yi)(yi)直到西晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)才(cai)有(you)記事(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)史籍《魏(wei)書》中,記載了(le)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗“人(ren)皆(jie)剪發而留其頂(ding)上(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)(shou)(shou)飾,長(chang)過數(shu)(shu)寸則截短之(zhi)。婦女披長(chang)襦(ru)及足,而無裳焉。”部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)人(ren)有(you)髡發習(xi)俗,婦女是(shi)穿(chuan)著連(lian)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)襖(ao),與(yu)漢族(zu)下(xia)身(shen)做(zuo)長(chang)裙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)打(da)扮(ban)大不同。另外(wai),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候會去采(cai)收一(yi)(yi)(yi)種稱作(zuo)“烏頭”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)毒(du)植物制成毒(du)藥,做(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)射獵(lie)禽獸之(zhi)用。鮮卑(bei)族(zu)宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐漸繁榮興(xing)盛(sheng),一(yi)(yi)(yi)直至東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)五胡十六(liu)國(guo)前期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)止(zhi),特別是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西晉(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)強盛(sheng)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),地(di)點約在(zai)(zai)(zai)濡源(今河(he)北灤河(he)上(shang)游(you))以(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、柳城(今遼寧朝陽)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣大地(di)區,與(yu)同期(qi)(qi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei)、段(duan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei)相(xiang)同,都屬于(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個支系。宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西晉(jin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)代(dai)(dai)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領與(yu)拓(tuo)跋部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei)關(guan)系較(jiao)佳,兩個部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)間時(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)通婚。進入五胡十六(liu)國(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)后(hou),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曾(ceng)依附(fu)(fu)勢力強大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)趙政權(quan)。但宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鮮卑(bei)之(zhi)間卻是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著不斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭斗(dou),且連(lian)續有(you)數(shu)(shu)位宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)莫珪(gui)、宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)遜昵延、宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)乞得龜、宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)逸豆歸都曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所(suo)敗,在(zai)(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)咸和九年或(huo)東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)咸康元(yuan)年(公元(yuan)344/345年)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次決定性戰役中,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)終(zhong)于(yu)被(bei)慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)所(suo)建立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前燕政權(quan)擊敗,部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)眾被(bei)慕(mu)容(rong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領分散遷移,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅亡。
鮮卑宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)部的族(zu)人(ren)以(yi)及(ji)后來(lai)北周政權的皇(huang)族(zu)貴(gui)胄和一些臣子(zi)國(guo)民,都以(yi)“宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)“為(wei)姓氏(shi),稱宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏(shi),后逐漸融入(ru)漢族(zu),將宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏(shi)復姓也帶入(ru)漢族(zu)之中,后有省文(wen)(wen)簡改(gai)為(wei)單姓宇(yu)氏(shi)、文(wen)(wen)氏(shi)者,也有改(gai)單姓為(wei)尚氏(shi)、趙氏(shi)、胡(hu)氏(shi)、李氏(shi)者,皆(jie)世(shi)代相傳至今(jin)。
來自嬴(ying)姓(xing)(xing),出自南北朝時期(qi)北周(zhou)政(zheng)權(quan)大臣趙文(wen)表、趙昶(chang)之后,屬于帝王賜改姓(xing)(xing)為氏。
南北(bei)朝時期,有北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)大都督趙(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)表、北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)長道郡公(gong)趙(zhao)(zhao)昶,這二人(ren)都是北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武帝(di)宇文(wen)邕(561年―578年在位(wei))的(de)親(qin)信(xin)大將(jiang)。趙(zhao)(zhao)文(wen)表追隨(sui)許國(guo)公(gong)宇文(wen)貴鎮守蜀地(di),行(xing)昌(chang)城(cheng)郡事(shi),官至加中(zhong)軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun),左金(jin)紫光祿大夫(fu)。趙(zhao)(zhao)昶居將(jiang)帥之任,傾心下(xia)士。虜獲氐(di)、羌,撫而使(shi)之,皆為(wei)趙(zhao)(zhao)昶盡力。后錄(lu)前后功,進爵長道郡公(gong),征拜(bai)賓部(bu)中(zhong)大夫(fu),行(xing)吏部(bu)事(shi)。這二人(ren)皆被北(bei)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)武帝(di)賜(si)姓為(wei)宇文(wen)氏。
在趙文表、趙昶(chang)的后(hou)裔(yi)子孫中,有以先祖受賜姓氏(shi)承襲者,都稱宇文氏(shi),世代(dai)相(xiang)傳至今。
宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)氏典型的北(bei)方少數(shu)民族(zu)漢化姓(xing)(xing)氏,在(zai)(zai)中國的大(da)(da)陸與臺灣省都(dou)未進(jin)入前三(san)(san)百(bai)大(da)(da)姓(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)宋版《百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)》中排序為(wei)第四百(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)四位門閥(fa)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)姓(xing)(xing)早期活動在(zai)(zai)西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu),南(nan)北(bei)朝時(shi)期逐步南(nan)下內遷,除在(zai)(zai)遼寧(ning)、內蒙古、山西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)等地(di)分布(bu)外(wai),在(zai)(zai)河南(nan)洛陽等地(di)形成宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏皇族(zu)聚集地(di)。唐代時(shi),他們入地(di)為(wei)籍,遍及(ji)中原各地(di)。宋后宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)氏已不常見。如今在(zai)(zai)北(bei)京、河南(nan)、陜(shan)西(xi)、浙江、四川(chuan)、臺灣等地(di)有少量(liang)分布(bu)。現今宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)姓(xing)(xing)人口(kou)沒有進(jin)入全國前三(san)(san)百(bai)位。
今陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)咸陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)興平市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、乾縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長武縣(xian)(xian)(xian),河北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)行唐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、張家(jia)口市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石家(jia)莊(zhuang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),遼寧省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)大連(lian)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),山東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)煙臺(tai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)川省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)南部縣(xian)(xian)(xian),河南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)欒川縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、洛(luo)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、安(an)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)南京市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)徽省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)無為縣(xian)(xian)(xian),浙江(jiang)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)杭州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),山西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)榆(yu)次市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、太(tai)原市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尖草坪區(qu)、長治市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),廣東省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖(hu)(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),湖(hu)(hu)南省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),臺(tai)灣省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),北京市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),重慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上海市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),香港(gang)特別(bie)行政區(qu)等(deng)地,均有宇文(wen)氏(shi)族(zu)人分布。
趙(zhao)郡:東漢建安年(nian)間(jian)(196年(nian)―219年(nian))設趙(zhao)郡,治所廣(guang)阿(今邢臺(tai)市隆堯縣(xian)),轄地包括(kuo)今石家莊趙(zhao)縣(xian)、高邑(yi)縣(xian)、贊皇縣(xian)和邢臺(tai)市寧晉縣(xian)、柏(bo)鄉縣(xian)、臨(lin)城(cheng)縣(xian)、隆堯縣(xian)東部。隋朝時(shi)期(qi)移治到趙(zhao)縣(xian)(今河北趙(zhao)縣(xian))。
太(tai)原(yuan)府(fu):也(ye)稱(cheng)太(tai)原(yuan)郡。戰國(guo)(guo)時期(qi)秦莊襄王四年(前246年)置郡,治所在(zai)晉(jin)陽(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)太(tai)原(yuan)),當(dang)時轄地(di)在(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)省(sheng)五臺山和管涔(cen)山南部(bu)一帶、霍山北(bei)部(bu)一帶地(di)區(qu)。北(bei)魏時期(qi)轄地(di)在(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)省(sheng)陽(yang)曲(qu)縣、交城市(shi)、平遙市(shi)、和順縣間的晉(jin)中(zhong)一帶地(di)區(qu)。隋朝(chao)時期(qi)改晉(jin)陽(yang)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)原(yuan),又(you)另設晉(jin)陽(yang),與(yu)太(tai)原(yuan)同(tong)城。唐太(tai)原(yuan)府(fu)洽也(ye)在(zai)此地(di)。宋太(tai)平興(xing)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)期(qi)(980年)改并州為(wei)(wei)太(tai)原(yuan)府(fu),移治陽(yang)曲(qu)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)山西(xi)太(tai)原(yuan))。以后宋朝(chao)、金(jin)國(guo)(guo)的河東路、河東北(bei)路,明、清兩朝(chao)以來皆為(wei)(wei)府(fu)。民國(guo)(guo)時期(qi)改為(wei)(wei)市(shi),成為(wei)(wei)山西(xi)省(sheng)會所在(zai),一直沿(yan)用至今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
趙郡堂:以望立堂。
太原堂:以望立堂。
四言通用聯
巧思博學;善戰多謀。
——上聯典(dian)指(zhi)隋朝時期的朔(shuo)方人宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)愷,字安樂,喜(xi)讀書,多技藝,有(you)巧思。隋文(wen)(wen)帝時任營新都(dou)副監(jian),興(xing)建(jian)大興(xing)城(cheng),又開(kai)鑿(zao)廣通(tong)渠,決渭水達黃河,以(yi)便利漕運;隋煬(yang)帝時歷官(guan)營東(dong)(dong)都(dou)副監(jian)、將作大匠(jiang)、工部尚(shang)書,所規(gui)劃的東(dong)(dong)都(dou)建(jian)筑(zhu)極為奢華。著(zhu)有(you)《東(dong)(dong)都(dou)圖記》、《明堂圖議》等。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)愷之兄宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)忻,字仲(zhong)樂,善戰多謀(mou),曾擊敗北周大將尉遲迥,封(feng)英(ying)國公。楊堅建(jian)隋朝后一(yi)直(zhi)非常(chang)器重(zhong)他。
折草累(lei)石;正色立朝。
——上聯典指南北(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)期北(bei)周(zhou)的宇文深,幼時(shi)(shi)折(zhe)草為(wei)(wei)旗,累(lei)石為(wei)(wei)營,作軍陣之(zhi)勢以嬉,日后(hou)果(guo)為(wei)(wei)名(ming)將。下聯典指隋朝時(shi)(shi)期的宇文弼,隋開皇初年(nian)為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)書左(zuo)丞,當官(guan)正色(se),為(wei)(wei)百僚所憚。
五言通用聯
望(wang)出太原郡;源自宇文(wen)國。
——全聯典指宇文氏(shi)的(de)郡(jun)望和得(de)姓源流。
六言通用聯
宇(yu)宙寥(liao)闊萬里;文明昌盛(sheng)千秋。
——此(ci)聯為以鶴頂(ding)格鑲嵌(qian)宇(yu)文復姓之“宇(yu)文”二字的嵌(qian)字聯。
七言通用聯
觀兒(er)戲料為良(liang)將;立戰功得(de)沐侯(hou)封。
——上聯典(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)南北朝時(shi)期北周(zhou)的武川人(ren)宇文深,字(zi)奴千,幼(you)時(shi)曾用草、石擺軍陣(zhen),父親宇文永遇見了大(da)喜,料(liao)定他日(ri)后必(bi)為良將。后隨(sui)北周(zhou)孝武帝西遷,以都督領宿衛兵。北周(zhou)大(da)統年(nian)間(jian)官東雍州刺史,封長樂侯,后官至司(si)會中大(da)夫。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)南北朝時(shi)期北周(zhou)的武川人(ren)宇文虬,字(zi)樂仁,少年(nian)時(shi)從軍,因(yin)戰(zhan)功封南安侯,官至驃騎大(da)將軍、開府儀同三司(si)。在(zai)戰(zhan)場(chang)上,他總是(shi)身先士卒,所以能上下同心(xin),戰(zhan)無不(bu)勝(sheng)。
六人稱王傳名遠(yuan);五州總管播惠(hui)長(chang)。
——上聯典(dian)指宇文(wen)復姓在歷史上稱帝(di)(di)者共(gong)有六人,創(chuang)立北周王(wang)朝(chao)。下聯典(dian)指南北朝(chao)時期北周孝閔帝(di)(di)之(zhi)子宇文(wen)康(kang),字乾定,封紀王(wang),總督利、始(shi)等五州大小劍二防諸軍事。
南冠終日(ri)囚軍府;北雁何時到上林。
——此(ci)聯(lian)為金(jin)國的大臣(chen)宇文虛中(zhong)《在金(jin)日(ri)作三首》詩句(ju)聯(lian)。“囚軍府”,指宇文虛中(zhong)奉使(shi)金(jin)國,被留(liu)不放還(huan)。“上林(lin)”,代(dai)指南宋王朝。
八言以上通用聯
幼歲攻書(shu),不從筆硯為(wei)迂腐(fu);少年受(shou)學,惟憑劍馬取公侯。
——上聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指隋朝時期的大將軍宇(yu)文(wen)慶事(shi)典(dian)(dian)。下聯(lian)典(dian)(dian)指南北朝時期北周的夏州名人宇(yu)文(wen)貴,字(zi)永貴,少受學,輟書(shu)嘆(tan)曰:“男兒當提劍汗(han)馬以取公(gong)(gong)侯,何能為(wei)(wei)博士?”后(hou)仕魏為(wei)(wei)大將軍,屢著(zhu)戰功,封(feng)許國公(gong)(gong)。
家譜文獻
宇文氏族(zu)譜,(明(ming))危(wei)素(su)序,明(ming)朝(chao)年間木刻活字印本。現被收藏在(zai)中國國家圖書館(guan)、日(ri)本東京國立博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)。
北朝北魏(wei)(wei)(wei)將領(ling)。武川(今屬內蒙)人。鮮卑(bei)族(zu),宇文泰父。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)明帝(di)時,破六(liu)韓拔陵起義,宇文肱(gong)聚兵攻(gong)殺破六(liu)韓拔陵部將衛可孤。遷居中(zhong)山。后率眾加(jia)入(ru)鮮于(yu)修禮軍,被魏(wei)(wei)(wei)軍擊敗,戰死。北周追尊為(wei)德皇(huang)帝(di)。
(489-546),北(bei)朝西(xi)(xi)魏將領。字澄鏡,宇文(wen)泰族子(zi)。宇文(wen)測性沉密,少篤學。起家奉(feng)朝請、殿中(zhong)侍御史、安東(dong)將軍。尚宣武帝(di)女陽平公(gong)主(zhu),拜(bai)駙馬都(dou)(dou)尉。從孝武帝(di)西(xi)(xi)入關,進(jin)爵為公(gong)。西(xi)(xi)魏文(wen)帝(di)大(da)(da)統四(si)年(nian)(538),拜(bai)侍中(zhong)。六年(nian),坐事免。不久,除(chu)驃(piao)騎大(da)(da)將軍、大(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)督、行汾(fen)州(zhou)事。八年(nian),加金紫光祿大(da)(da)夫,轉行綏州(zhou)事。十年(nian),征拜(bai)太子(zi)少保。十二(er)年(nian)十月,在任(ren)去世。
(498-554),北朝西魏(wei)將領。好讀書,馳馬能左右(you)射。少襲爵,與魏(wei)孝武(wu)帝(di)有布衣(yi)交,帝(di)用(yong)為閣內大都督。共議西附宇(yu)文泰,又(you)護帝(di)至關中(zhong)。宇(yu)文泰用(yong)為帳(zhang)內大都督。后(hou)進位儀同三司、散騎常(chang)侍。魏(wei)恭帝(di)元年去世。
(505-556),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)魏、西魏將領。字(zi)黑獺,代郡武(wu)川(今(jin)內蒙古(gu)武(wu)川西)人,鮮(xian)卑族。
(511-554),北朝西魏將領(ling)。字菩薩,顥子。隨宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)入關中,西魏文(wen)(wen)帝初為(wei)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun),率(lv)(lv)領(ling)禁軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)與高歡作(zuo)戰。常留守(shou)后方。大(da)統四(si)年(538),為(wei)華(hua)州刺史(shi)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在洛陽(yang)(yang)失敗,趙(zhao)青雀、于伏德等乘時據長安(an)、咸(xian)(xian)陽(yang)(yang)。宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)導(dao)由華(hua)州率(lv)(lv)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破咸(xian)(xian)陽(yang)(yang),又與泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)合師收回長安(an)。后出守(shou)隴右,去世在上邽,謚孝。
(?-568),北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周臣。字奴干,測弟。起家秘書(shu)(shu)郎。好讀(du)兵書(shu)(shu),有謀略。宇文泰(tai)用為相(xiang)府主簿。為泰(tai)籌劃(hua)擒竇(dou)泰(tai)、取弘農及沙苑(yuan)作戰方略。封(feng)長樂縣侯。周武帝保定初,為京兆尹,轉(zhuan)司會中大夫。為政(zheng)嚴明,抑制(zhi)豪右(you),受人贊譽。
(約515-572),北(bei)朝北(bei)周(zhou)權臣。武(wu)川(今內蒙古(gu)武(wu)川西)人。宇文泰之侄。
(531-578),北(bei)朝北(bei)周(zhou)將領。代郡(jun)武川(今屬內(nei)蒙古)人。鮮卑族(zu)。周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)帝(di)(di)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰族(zu)子。父顯和,仕魏,為孝(xiao)武帝(di)(di)進(jin)入關(guan)之計。后隨從入關(guan)。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)神舉(ju)以(yi)周(zhou)明帝(di)(di)初,起家中侍上士。明帝(di)(di)留意文(wen)(wen)(wen)學而(er)神舉(ju)雅好篇什,常得(de)侍從。周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)保(bao)定間(jian),歷任車騎大將軍(jun)、儀同三司諸職。建(jian)德元年(nian)(nian)為京兆尹(yin),三年(nian)(nian),出為熊州刺史(shi)。從周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)伐齊(qi),齊(qi)平(ping)(ping),為并州刺史(shi)。宣(xuan)政元年(nian)(nian)(578),周(zhou)武帝(di)(di)卒(zu),幽州人盧昌(chang)期、祖英伯等舉(ju)兵(bing)反周(zhou),盧思(si)(si)道亦預(yu)其(qi)事。神舉(ju)率兵(bing)平(ping)(ping)亂,見思(si)(si)道,令(ling)作露布(bu),乃釋其(qi)罪(zui)。又從越王宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)盛(sheng)平(ping)(ping)稽胡,敗突厥。師(shi)還,以(yi)武帝(di)(di)時(shi)嘗(chang)與王軌、宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)孝(xiao)伯言宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)之短于武帝(di)(di),兼以(yi)功高,宣(xuan)帝(di)(di)使(shi)人鴆之,卒(zu)于馬邑(yi)。史(shi)稱宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)神舉(ju)“博涉經史(shi),性愛(ai)篇章(zhang)”。
(534-560),北朝北周皇帝。小字統(tong)萬突。鮮卑族。宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)泰庶長子。西魏大統(tong)十四(si)年(548),封寧都郡公。北周建國后任柱國,岐州刺史。557年被(bei)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)立(li)為天(tian)王,宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)輔(fu)政專權。559年宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)歸政,始親政,稱皇帝,改(gai)元武(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)。仍(reng)受(shou)制于宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)。武(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)二年(560)四(si)月(yue),被(bei)宇文(wen)(wen)(wen)護(hu)毒(du)死。葬昭陵。謚明皇帝,廟號世(shi)宗。年號武(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)。
(542-557),北朝北周(zhou)創建者。字陁羅尼。鮮卑族。代郡武川(chuan)(今(jin)屬(shu)內蒙古)人,西魏權臣宇文泰第三子(zi)。
北(bei)朝北(bei)周將(jiang)領。字樂仁,武川(今(jin)屬(shu)內蒙古)人(ren)。驍悍有(you)膽(dan)略(lve)。少從征討(tao),累有(you)戰(zhan)功,封南安侯。后為(wei)獨孤(gu)信(xin)帳(zhang)內都督(du),隨信(xin)奔梁。復(fu)回歸,進爵為(wei)公。從復(fu)弘(hong)農,破沙苑,戰(zhan)河橋,皆有(you)功,累遷南秦州(zhou)刺(ci)史、驃騎大將(jiang)軍、開府儀同(tong)三司。宇文(wen)虬每經戰(zhan)陣,必身(shen)先士(shi)卒(zu),故上(shang)下同(tong)心(xin),戰(zhan)無不克(ke)。后拜(bai)金州(zhou)刺(ci)史、大將(jiang)軍卒(zu)。
(543-578),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周皇帝(di)。小字禰羅突。鮮卑族。武(wu)川(今內蒙古武(wu)川西)人(ren)。宇(yu)文(wen)泰(tai)第四子。
(?-576),北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)將(jiang)領。字永貴(gui),其先昌黎(今(jin)(jin)屬河(he)北(bei)(bei))人,后(hou)徙居夏(xia)州(今(jin)(jin)陜西橫山縣西)。善(shan)騎射,有將(jiang)帥才。魏正光末(mo),破六韓拔陵圍夏(xia)州,刺(ci)史嬰(ying)城固守,以貴(gui)為統(tong)軍(jun)。后(hou)從爾朱榮,以戰(zhan)功(gong)封(feng)革融(rong)縣侯(hou)。大統(tong)中(zhong),屢著戰(zhan)功(gong),官至(zhi)大將(jiang)軍(jun)。周(zhou)孝(xiao)閔(min)帝即位,進位柱國(guo)(guo),封(feng)許國(guo)(guo)公,歷(li)官大司徒、太保。天和(he)中(zhong)出使突厥,回至(zhi)張掖卒(zu)。
(543-578),北朝北周臣。字胡(hu)三,深(shen)子。少被(bei)宇(yu)文(wen)泰撫(fu)養。與武帝(di)同(tong)日生(sheng),同(tong)學,相知(zhi)甚深(shen)。邕即位,以(yi)與其共讀為(wei)由,引置左(zuo)右,方得聯絡內外,誅殺(sha)宇(yu)文(wen)護。為(wei)左(zuo)宮正,輔太子赟,數(shu)言(yan)赟過。帝(di)出京,常令其留守。帝(di)將卒,執(zhi)手托(tuo)以(yi)后事,即令為(wei)司衛上大夫。入京鎮守。宣帝(di)初,為(wei)小冢宰,數(shu)言(yan)朝政得失,拒助帝(di)殺(sha)齊王憲,賜死。后楊堅言(yan):若孝伯在,己即無機遇。
(544-578),北(bei)朝北(bei)周(zhou)宗室。字(zi)毗賀突,宇文泰第五子,周(zhou)武帝宇文邕(yong)弟。性通敏(min),有(you)度(du)量。
北(bei)朝(chao)北(bei)周宗室。字豆羅(luo)突(tu),邕(yong)同(tong)母弟。周初(chu)封衛國公,附宇文護(hu)。武(wu)帝天和(he)中(zhong)與(yu)陳軍作戰兵敗(bai),免(mian)職。遂怨護(hu),助邕(yong)殺護(hu)。求為大司(si)馬,帝未許。建德三年(574)進爵為王。同(tong)年,帝赴云陽宮,直(zhi)在長安舉(ju)兵攻宮城(cheng)。事(shi)敗(bai),逃至荊州(zhou)被(bei)擒,免(mian)為庶人,囚在別宮。不久被(bei)殺。
(?-578),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室。字侯幼(you)突,宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)泰子。明帝(di)武(wu)成(cheng)初,封(feng)譙國公。武(wu)帝(di)天和中,拜大將軍,遷柱(zhu)國,出為益州總管。建德三年(574),宇(yu)(yu)文(wen)儉進(jin)爵為王。五年,東伐,攻(gong)永固城,拔之。六年,拜大冢宰。宣政元年(578)二月卒。
(?-580),北朝(chao)北周(zhou)宗室。字度斤突(tu),宇文泰子(zi)。性果決,善騎(qi)射。明帝(di)武成(cheng)初,封代國(guo)(guo)公。武帝(di)天(tian)和元年(nian)(nian)(566),拜大將軍。建德初,進(jin)位柱國(guo)(guo),出為(wei)荊州(zhou)刺史。三年(nian)(nian)(574),進(jin)爵為(wei)王。出為(wei)益州(zhou)總管。宣帝(di)即位,進(jin)位上柱國(guo)(guo)。靜帝(di)大象(xiang)元年(nian)(nian)(579),拜大右弼。二年(nian)(nian),為(wei)隋文帝(di)楊堅所殺。
(?-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室、文人(ren)。字豆盧(lu)突。代郡武川(今屬內蒙古(gu))人(ren)。鮮卑族。宇文泰子。
(?-580),北朝北周(zhou)宗(zong)室、文(wen)人。字爾(er)固(gu)突。代郡武川(今屬內蒙古)人。鮮(xian)卑族。宇文(wen)泰(tai)之子。
北(bei)(bei)朝北(bei)(bei)周將(jiang)領。河(he)(he)南(nan)洛陽(今屬(shu)河(he)(he)南(nan))人。孝(xiao)文帝(di)太(tai)和初,為羽(yu)林郎將(jiang),數有戰功(gong)。魏遷都洛陽,宇(yu)文福奉命規劃(hua)牧地,在黃河(he)(he)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)地近(jin)千(qian)里,放(fang)養雜畜。后攻高(gao)車敗,被貶。宣武帝(di)即位,用(yong)為南(nan)征統軍,有戰功(gong)。歷(li)任豫、瀛州刺史,太(tai)仆卿,懷朔鎮(zhen)將(jiang)。卒于鎮(zhen),謚貞惠(hui)。
(559-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周皇(huang)帝(di)。字乾(qian)伯。鮮卑(bei)族。邕長子(zi)(zi)。邕慮(lv)其不(bu)堪(kan)重(zhong)任(ren),待其嚴(yan)格,朝見如(ru)群臣(chen),有過則杖責。初即位,下令(ling)(ling)嚴(yan)律法;任(ren)用北(bei)齊官員。殺齊王憲,令(ling)(ling)左右密察群臣(chen)言行。法嚴(yan)刑苛(ke),禁(jin)臣(chen)下有高大之稱。次年,以子(zi)(zi)衍(yan)為(wei)皇(huang)帝(di),自稱天元皇(huang)帝(di)。大興土木(mu),恣(zi)意(yi)聲色。對(dui)國家典章(zhang)制度(du)等,皆有變(bian)革。大象(xiang)二年令(ling)(ling)楊堅出為(wei)揚州總管。事未行,病(bing),召堅入宮。卒,謚宣帝(di)。
(?-580),北(bei)朝北(bei)周宗室。字乾依,武帝宇文邕(yong)子,初封漢國(guo)公。建(jian)德(de)三年(nian)(574),進爵為王,仍柱(zhu)國(guo)。靜帝大象二年(nian)(580),楊堅輔政,欲順(shun)物情,乃進宇文贊上(shang)柱(zhu)國(guo)、右大丞相。外(wai)示(shi)尊崇,實(shi)無(wu)權柄。后(hou)轉太師。不久,為堅所殺。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室。字(zi)乾信,武(wu)帝宇文邕(yong)子,初封秦國(guo)公。武(wu)帝建德(de)三年(574),進爵(jue)為王。靜帝大(da)象(xiang)二(er)年(580)五(wu)月(yue),進上柱(zhu)國(guo)。六月(yue),遷大(da)冢宰。八月(yue),進位大(da)右弼(bi)。不久,為楊堅所殺。
(?-580),北朝北周宗室。字立久突,宇文泰(tai)子。明帝武成(cheng)初,封越國公。武帝天和(he)中,進(jin)爵為王(wang)。四年(569),大軍(jun)伐齊,宇文盛為后一軍(jun)總管(guan)。并州平(ping),進(jin)位上柱國。從平(ping)鄴(ye),拜相州總管(guan)。宣(xuan)政(zheng)元年(578),入為大冢宰。靜帝大象(xiang)元年(579),遷大前疑,轉(zhuan)太(tai)保(bao)。同年出就國。二年,朝京師。其秋,為隋(sui)文帝楊堅所殺。
(523-586),隋將領。京(jing)兆(治今陜西西安)人,本(ben)籍朔方(fang)(治今內蒙古(gu)烏審旗(qi)南(nan)白城子),字仲樂(le)。少(shao)時即精騎(qi)射,慷(kang)慨有大志(zhi),自(zi)謂可(ke)勝過(guo)韓信、白起(qi)、衛青、霍去(qu)病(bing)等名將。北周時,從(cong)韋孝(xiao)寬(kuan)守玉壁,從(cong)武帝攻拔北齊(qi)晉陽(yang),均以(yi)驍勇敢戰立功。周末,從(cong)高颎、韋孝(xiao)寬(kuan)破尉遲迥,功為諸將之最。進封英國公(gong)。入(ru)隋,以(yi)宿將遭忌,乃與(yu)梁士彥等謀反,事泄被殺。
(573-581),北朝北周皇帝。本名衍(yan)。鮮卑族。宣帝長子。大成元年(579),封(feng)(feng)魯王,不久(jiu)立為皇太(tai)子。同(tong)年二月(yue)受父禪即位,年僅7歲(sui)。改元大象(xiang)。外戚(qi)楊(yang)堅執掌(zhang)朝政,恢復佛(fo)、道兩教,大殺周朝宗室。大定元年(581)二月(yue),被(bei)迫禪位于楊(yang)堅,封(feng)(feng)介國公,北周亡(wang)。同(tong)年五月(yue)被(bei)殺。葬(zang)恭陵。謚靜帝。
隋將(jiang),字神慶,祖籍武川(今屬(shu)內蒙古),后為(wei)(wei)洛陽(yang)人,鮮卑族(zu)(zu),宇(yu)文氏族(zu)(zu)子。周初(chu)受業(ye)東(dong)觀,頗(po)涉經史。后應(ying)募從征,以功授都(dou)督(du)。復從武帝轉(zhuan)戰各地,拔高壁,克并州,下信都(dou),功居諸(zhu)將(jiang)之首,故進位(wei)大將(jiang)軍(jun),封汝(ru)南郡(jun)公。入隋,拜(bai)左(zuo)武衛(wei)將(jiang)軍(jun),進上柱國,出為(wei)(wei)涼州總管。后還(huan)都(dou),卒(zu)于家(jia)。
(555-612),隋建(jian)筑家。字安樂,朔方夏州(zhou)(今陜西靖邊)人。
(?-616),隋(sui)朝將(jiang)領。字(zi)伯通,代(dai)郡(jun)武(wu)川(chuan)(今內(nei)蒙(meng)古武(wu)川(chuan)南)人,出身鮮卑貴族。
(?-619),隋(sui)代末年叛軍首領。代郡武川(今內蒙古武川西)人。隋(sui)大(da)將宇文述之子。
唐將領。字仁人,京(jing)兆長安人。父述(shu),為(wei)隋右衛大將軍。隋開(kai)皇末(601),封新城(cheng)縣公。
宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)成都,小說《說唐(tang)》《忠義(yi)響(xiang)馬傳(chuan)(chuan)》《興(xing)唐(tang)傳(chuan)(chuan)》中人物,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)化及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)子。被(bei)隋煬(yang)帝封為天(tian)保大(da)將軍之(zhi)(zhi)職。兵(bing)器鳳(feng)翅鎦(liu)金镋(tang)(tang)[tǎng],被(bei)稱(cheng)為隋唐(tang)第二(er)條好漢,在四(si)平山力挫(cuo)三杰。曾在晉陽(yang)與李(li)(li)(li)(li)淵之(zhi)(zhi)子李(li)(li)(li)(li)元(yuan)(yuan)霸比武,輸(shu)給李(li)(li)(li)(li)元(yuan)(yuan)霸。與瓦崗寨(zhai)英使一柄鳳(feng)翅鎦(liu)金镋(tang)(tang),重三百二(er)十斤(jin)”,傳(chuan)(chuan)說為九(jiu)天(tian)應元(yuan)(yuan)雷神普化天(tian)尊轉世。雄為敵,幫助父奪(duo)取隋朝(chao)天(tian)下,在揚州被(bei)李(li)(li)(li)(li)元(yuan)(yuan)霸所殺。歷史上,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)化及(ji)有二(er)子:宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)基(ji)、宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)承(cheng)趾,宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)化及(ji)同時被(bei)竇建德斬殺。
(?-約(yue)730),唐臣。京兆萬(wan)年(今陜西西安)人(ren)。開元初任監察御史。時(shi)土地兼并嚴重,人(ren)口流失,稅(shui)收受到影響。他建議檢括逃亡戶口和籍外占(zhan)田。并自(zi)任勸農(nong)使,率判官二十(shi)余人(ren)出使各(ge)地,清出客(ke)戶八十(shi)余萬(wan)和大量土地。開元十(shi)七年(729),拜黃門侍(shi)郎(lang),同中(zhong)書門下平章事。他善(shan)于薦舉人(ren)才,在相期間,薦宋(song)璟為(wei)(wei)右丞相、裴耀卿為(wei)(wei)戶部侍(shi)郎(lang)、許景先為(wei)(wei)工部侍(shi)郎(lang)。在相位僅百(bai)日(ri)即罷貶(bian)為(wei)(wei)汝州刺史,又(you)流巖州,卒(zu)于途中(zhong)。
唐臣。字周重,河南(今(jin)河南洛陽)人。御史中丞宇文邈之子。元和(he)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(811),與江淮(huai)從事李(li)公佐會于漢南。長慶初,任(ren)右拾(shi)遺,與李(li)玨(jue)等進言勸穆宗戒酒色。歷倉部(bu)員(yuan)外郎(lang)、左(zuo)司(si)員(yuan)外郎(lang)、吏(li)部(bu)員(yuan)外郎(lang)。大(da)和(he)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(829),自吏(li)部(bu)郎(lang)中為御史中丞。又兼刑部(bu)侍郎(lang)。六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian),為戶(hu)部(bu)侍郎(lang)、判度支。出為華州刺史。八年(nian)(nian)(nian),坐贓(zang)事貶循州刺史。
(1029-1082),北(bei)宋(song)學者(zhe)。字(zi)公(gong)南,漢州綿竹(今(jin)屬四川(chuan))人。進士及第(di),為(wei)文州曲水(shui)縣(xian)令(ling)。神宗(zong)即位,上疏言(yan)政事,不(bu)報,遂以太子中允致仕(shi)。自強于(yu)學,不(bu)易其志,退(tui)居十五年(nian),常(chang)為(wei)經史琴(qin)酒之(zhi)樂,學者(zhe)稱(cheng)止(zhi)止(zhi)先生。司馬光、范鎮等盛譽之(zhi),以為(wei)“位下而言(yan)高,學富而行篤”。元豐五年(nian)卒(zu)。著有《止(zhi)止(zhi)先生宇文公(gong)集》二十二卷(juan),今(jin)已佚。
(?-1139),宋(song)臣。字仲達,一作仲理,成都華陽(今四川(chuan)雙流)人。崇寧二(er)年(1103)進(jin)士。入(ru)仕后曾(ceng)任(ren)中書舍人、翰林學(xue)士承旨等職。宣和六(liu)年(1124)官(guan)至(zhi)尚書右(you)丞。后出為地方官(guan)。南宋(song)初知濮州時(shi)被俘,金(jin)人嘉(jia)其忠義(yi)放歸,乃(nai)以光祿(lu)大夫(fu)出知潼川(chuan)府。紹興元年(1131)辭官(guan),以其弟(di)宇文時(shi)中代理府事(shi)。從此(ci)閑(xian)居至(zhi)卒(zu)。
(1079-1146),金臣。字(zi)叔通,宇(yu)文粹中(zhong)之弟。
南(nan)宋臣(chen)。字(zi)挺臣(chen),顯(xian)謨閣(ge)(ge)待(dai)制宇文(wen)師瑗養(yang)子。成都(dou)廣都(dou)(今四川雙流)人。初(chu)補官(guan)仕州縣。舉進士。累(lei)遷寶謨閣(ge)(ge)待(dai)制、知廬州。時(shi),韓侂胄(zhou)方議舉兵北(bei)伐。紹節致書侂胄(zhou),認為(wei)有復仇之志,無復仇之略;有開邊(bian)之害,無開邊(bian)之利,不量國力(li),冒險進取(qu)。侂胄(zhou)見(jian)書不樂。召(zhao)(zhao)還,以(yi)寶文(wen)閣(ge)(ge)待(dai)制知鎮江府。除湖北(bei)京西宣撫(fu)使,知江陵府。統制官(guan)高悅肆意殺掠(lve),紹節召(zhao)(zhao)至(zhi)(zhi),收其(qi)部曲,旋有人控訴悅縱所部剽劫者(zhe),加以(yi)杖殺,兵民(min)皆歡(huan)喜(xi)。官(guan)至(zhi)(zhi)端明殿(dian)學士、簽書樞密院事,卒。謚忠(zhong)惠(hui)。
元(yuan)文學家。字子貞,成都人,后徙吳興(今(jin)浙江(jiang)湖州)。元(yuan)統進士(shi)。
其他宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名(ming)人(ren)有晉(jin)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)鮮(xian)卑族首領(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫槐、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)莫廆、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)屈云、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)遜尼延、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)乞得(de)歸、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)逸豆歸;南北(bei)朝東魏(wei)史學家(jia)(jia)(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)忠之(zhi),西(xi)魏(wei)將(jiang)領(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洛生、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)顥,北(bei)周大臣(chen)(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)純、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)寔、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)興、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)貞、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)賢、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)善(shan),將(jiang)領(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)亮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)延、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)安慶、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)椿(chun);隋大臣(chen)(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)弼(bi)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)靜禮、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)皛、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)智(zhi)及,將(jiang)領(ling)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)協;唐大臣(chen)(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穎(ying)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)節;宋大臣(chen)(chen)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)昌齡、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)常,學者宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)紹奕(yi)、宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)懋(mao)昭(zhao)等(deng)。近當(dang)代(dai)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)姓名(ming)人(ren)有經濟學家(jia)(jia)(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)舉,畫家(jia)(jia)(jia)宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)洲(zhou),歌(ge)唱演(yan)員宇(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)永清等(deng)
1940年生于(yu)吉林龍井(jing),1958年考入東北(bei)師范大(da)學美(mei)術系學習(xi)。1965年畢業(ye)分配到北(bei)京畫院(yuan)工作。作品(pin)以青(qing)綠山(shan)水創作為主。其創作力求把水墨山(shan)水和重彩青(qing)綠山(shan)水融(rong)為一體作品(pin)構圖(tu)飽滿。氣勢(shi)雄偉(wei)。現為北(bei)京畫院(yuan)專(zhuan)業(ye)畫家(jia)。國家(jia)一級美(mei)術師。北(bei)京中國畫研究會(hui)會(hui)長(chang)。中國美(mei)術家(jia)協會(hui)會(hui)員。