《鳳還(huan)巢》為梅(mei)蘭(lan)芳根據清宮藏本《循環序(xu)》改(gai)編的(de)京劇,原名《陰陽樹(shu)》,又名《丑(chou)配(pei)》,于1929年在北京首演。此劇情節巧妙,行(xing)當齊全(quan),與(yu)清代傳奇劇本《風(feng)箏誤》有(you)異曲(qu)同工之妙。雪(xue)娥的(de)幾大段唱腔華麗別致、明快跌宕(dang)、如訴如歌,是梅(mei)派唱腔中(zhong)廣為流傳的(de)著名唱段。
明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝(chao)末年,侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦告(gao)老還(huan)鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)二女:大(da)女程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)雁為(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng),貌奇丑且(qie)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)舉止粗(cu)魯;次女程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)側室所(suo)生(sheng)(sheng),美貌聰明(ming)(ming)(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)愛(ai)之(zhi)如(ru)掌上(shang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)珠(zhu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦與宗皇朱(zhu)渙然(ran)游(you)春(chun),遇(yu)故友(you)之(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)居易。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)喜(xi)穆(mu)(mu)居易翩(pian)翩(pian)少年,認為(wei)(wei)其(qi)前程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)看好(hao),欲與雪(xue)娥(e)(e)擇婿,夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)卻(que)欲將(jiang)雪(xue)雁許(xu)穆(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽辰,穆(mu)(mu)來(lai)拜,留宿于書(shu)館(guan)。入(ru)夜(ye),夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)命己(ji)女雪(xue)雁冒(mao)(mao)雪(xue)娥(e)(e)之(zhi)名(ming)去(qu)書(shu)館(guan)會穆(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)見其(qi)貌丑無比,誤(wu)以為(wei)(wei)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun)(hun)(hun),連夜(ye)逃去(qu),途中(zhong)(zhong)遇(yu)到朱(zhu)渙然(ran),朱(zhu)贈穆(mu)(mu)銀馬助(zhu)其(qi)逃跑。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)去(qu)向(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming),適逢朝(chao)廷(ting)起用,只(zhi)好(hao)奉旨離(li)家出征(zheng)。而垂涎雪(xue)娥(e)(e)已久(jiu)的皇族朱(zhu)煥(huan)然(ran),得知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)逃程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)去(qu),乘(cheng)機冒(mao)(mao)穆(mu)(mu)名(ming)來(lai)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家迎娶雪(xue)娥(e)(e)。夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)信以為(wei)(wei)真,即以雪(xue)雁代(dai)嫁。洞(dong)(dong)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong),兩人(ren)(ren)發現全是冒(mao)(mao)名(ming)頂替,雖后悔莫及(ji),卻(que)有(you)苦難言,只(zhi)能(neng)將(jiang)錯就(jiu)錯。這時,地方強盜作亂(luan),夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)去(qu)朱(zhu)家避難,雪(xue)娥(e)(e)因朱(zhu)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)端不(bu)(bu)(bu)肯隨夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)前往。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu),程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)浦平(ping)定賊寇,接雪(xue)娥(e)(e)至軍中(zhong)(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)也從軍在(zai)此。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)又重(zhong)提婚(hun)(hun)(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)堅(jian)決拒(ju)婚(hun)(hun)(hun):元帥洪功及(ji)周(zhou)監(jian)軍強給主(zhu)婚(hun)(hun)(hun),穆(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得已說明(ming)(ming)(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女夤夜(ye)私(si)入(ru)書(shu)館(guan)等情。程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知(zhi)穆(mu)(mu)誤(wu)會,堅(jian)持完婚(hun)(hun)(hun)。洞(dong)(dong)房(fang)中(zhong)(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)娥(e)(e)貌美,確非私(si)入(ru)書(shu)房(fang)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)由大(da)喜(xi)。雪(xue)娥(e)(e)卻(que)因穆(mu)(mu)拒(ju)婚(hun)(hun)(hun),委屈非常,在(zai)穆(mu)(mu)一再謝罪(zui)之(zhi)下,才轉悲為(wei)(wei)喜(xi),終諧伉儷(li)。朱(zhu)渙然(ran)被劫,攜(xie)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)妻(qi)、雪(xue)雁來(lai)投,最終一家團聚。
2022年(nian)8月,京劇《鳳還巢(chao)》參(can)加(jia)2022年(nian)戲(xi)曲百戲(xi)(昆山(shan))盛典全(quan)國戲(xi)曲領軍人才優(you)秀劇目展演。
2019年10月2日,由文(wen)化(hua)和旅游部、北京(jing)市人民(min)政(zheng)府主辦(ban)的2019中(zhong)國戲曲文(wen)化(hua)周2日在北京(jing)園(yuan)博園(yuan)開(kai)幕。梅派《鳳還巢》得到(dao)演出。
2021年12月(yue)14、15日,上海京劇(ju)院(yuan)的《鳳(feng)還(huan)巢》將在湖(hu)南大劇(ju)院(yuan)演出。