馬(ma)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜,因(yin)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)處北東(dong)(dong)向郯廬(lu)斷裂帶(dai)(為(wei)我國(guo)東(dong)(dong)部巨型斷裂帶(dai),北起沈陽南到安徽的廬(lu)江(jiang))中段,故(gu)有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)體扭曲的地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)觀(guan),有(you)(you)錯落有(you)(you)致(zhi)的千層崖(ya)、泥(ni)裂龜(gui)殼崖(ya)。馬(ma)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)上發現的古化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)極為(wei)豐富,珍(zhen)貴而罕見,有(you)(you)中生代柏樹化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi),大片碎枝葉化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)群,有(you)(you)大面(mian)積(ji)的鴨嘴恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)群,有(you)(you)新生代大象化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、鹿(lu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、犀牛化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、熊化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)等(deng)(deng),故(gu)馬(ma)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)“天然(ran)博物館”之(zhi)稱, 2007年被(bei)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)省級地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)附(fu)近地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)(ji),主要分布于附(fu)近面(mian)積(ji)80平方千米內,因(yin)存在構造形跡(ji)(ji)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)剖(pou)面(mian)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌、金剛石(shi)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)、恐(kong)龍足印化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)災害等(deng)(deng)遺跡(ji)(ji)。馬(ma)陵(ling)(ling)古道附(fu)近景(jing)點不下幾十處。 北部九(jiu)道灣(林(lin)場(chang)(chang)),山(shan)(shan)巒(luan)起伏(fu),九(jiu)曲盤繞,不僅平地(di)(di)(di)(di)突(tu)起,山(shan)(shan)川險要,而且故(gu)壘遺跡(ji)(ji)遍布,有(you)(you)點將臺、校兵場(chang)(chang)等(deng)(deng),人文景(jing)觀(guan)與自然(ran)景(jing)觀(guan)俱佳。出九(jiu)道彎(wan),越跑馬(ma)嶺,便是一(yi)、二、三、四山(shan)(shan)溝(gou)和一(yi)、二、三、四山(shan)(shan)澗(jian),群山(shan)(shan)連綿,清泉寺遺址(zhi)、奶奶廟遺址(zhi)布于其中,沭水人工(gong)湖(hu)、河東(dong)(dong)老虎崖(ya)、礦泉過山(shan)(shan)隧道等(deng)(deng)景(jing)點相映。
麥坡世界(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質公園位于山(shan)東省郯(tan)城縣馬陵(ling)山(shan)景(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)麥坡村(cun)東馬陵(ling)山(shan)西(xi)坡。遺址(zhi)坐落在郯(tan)廬(lu)斷裂帶之上,是世界(jie)罕見的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質奇觀。現如(ru)今世界(jie)上僅(jin)存(cun)兩(liang)(liang)處(chu),是為(wei)大地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)后數百年至(zhi)今仍未過活躍期的(de)自然(ran)奇觀,被(bei)中國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)局正式(shi)批準為(wei)國(guo)家級(ji)典型地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)遺址(zhi)。淺紅色(se)(se)土壤為(wei)新生(sheng)代,黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)為(wei)中生(sheng)代,兩(liang)(liang)種顏色(se)(se)的(de)土壤一線之隔(ge),兩(liang)(liang)者相(xiang)差的(de)年代超過億年,如(ru)果你從中間(jian)的(de)線上漫步而過,就(jiu)實現了"一步跨越億年"的(de)神(shen)話。麥坡世界(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質公園占地(di)(di)(di)(di)1050畝,建設(she)有(you)地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)科普(pu)教育基地(di)(di)(di)(di)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)體驗(yan)館、景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀塔、景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀棧道(dao)等(deng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)點。
齊(qi)魏(wei)馬陵之(zhi)(zhi)戰古戰場(chang)(chang)遺址公(gong)園位(wei)于(yu)馬陵山核心區龐涓溝,是公(gong)元前341年齊(qi)魏(wei)馬陵之(zhi)(zhi)戰決戰地。2001年,馬陵古戰場(chang)(chang)被(bei)中國軍事(shi)科(ke)學院定為中國古代軍事(shi)科(ke)學教研(yan)基地。古戰場(chang)(chang)遺址公(gong)園于(yu)2010年6月份開(kai)始總體規劃,2011年3月初開(kai)工建設(she),總面積2085畝,規劃的(de)景點已基本建成。公(gong)園主要景點有:濱水廣場(chang)(chang)、孫子孫臏(bin)紀念園、馬陵之(zhi)(zhi)戰博物(wu)館、百將書(shu)法(fa)碑(bei)林廣場(chang)(chang)、誘敵(di)景觀廊道、木棧(zhan)道、孫臏(bin)指揮臺。
馬(ma)陵(ling)山溫(wen)泉度(du)(du)假(jia)村(cun)占地(di)500畝,建四星級洗浴、餐(can)飲、會議、住宿為(wei)一體的(de)綜合休閑度(du)(du)假(jia)區(qu)(qu)。在自(zi)然(ran)中尋找健康(kang)(kang),美麗的(de)自(zi)然(ran)、簡(jian)單的(de)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)、清新的(de)空氣、叮(ding)咚(dong)的(de)泉水(shui),不由(you)得勾起人們對自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)的(de)憧憬和(he)向往(wang)。中華傳(chuan)統的(de)養生(sheng)秘訣(jue),結合現代理(li)序技術,將(jiang)為(wei)游客(ke)找回真正的(de)健康(kang)(kang)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)和(he)心靈享受。一號地(di)熱泉井(jing)已(yi)投入使用位于(yu)沭河西岸、景(jing)區(qu)(qu)裂(lie)莊村(cun)南村(cun)北,水(shui)深2000米左右(you),井(jing)口出水(shui)溫(wen)度(du)(du)45度(du)(du)以上,每井(jing)日出水(shui)量300立(li)方。
景點位于馬(ma)陵山景區(qu)(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)端,距郯(tan)城縣(xian)城東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)10公里(li),全區(qu)(qu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)3公里(li),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)有4000余畝。主(zhu)要景點有黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭、望海(hai)樓(lou)、孔子登(deng)臨(lin)處、小三峽、由(you)吾洞(dong)和(he)細石(shi)器遺址等,將按照景區(qu)(qu)總(zong)體規(gui)劃(hua)進行(xing)整體開發。郯(tan)城縣(xian)大尚(shang)莊東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)2.5公里(li)的山巔(dian)上(shang)(shang),突(tu)起一峰,形如(ru)石(shi)樓(lou),即是望海(hai)樓(lou)。孔子周游列(lie)國,至郯(tan)拜師郯(tan)子時,曾登(deng)石(shi)樓(lou)望海(hai),故稱(cheng)(cheng)”望樓(lou)云影(ying)“之勝。 由(you)吾仙洞(dong)在大尚(shang)莊東(dong)(dong)1公里(li)處的馬(ma)陵山鴿(ge)子澗,在北(bei)(bei)岸(an)陡壁上(shang)(shang)有兩(liang)個石(shi)洞(dong),東(dong)(dong)洞(dong)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)3.25米,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)2.9米,東(dong)(dong)壁上(shang)(shang)刻有八仙過海(hai),西(xi)(xi)壁上(shang)(shang)有飛(fei)鶴乘(cheng)人,洞(dong)內(nei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)三面(mian)都有一米寬(kuan)的石(shi)臺(tai),稱(cheng)(cheng)作“石(shi)床“,相傳是由(you)吾坐禪(chan)睡覺的地方。據考(kao)證該洞(dong)較早開鑿(zao)年代為(wei)新石(shi)器年代,距今已有萬年,列(lie)為(wei)三級保(bao)護。細石(shi)器遺址主(zhu)要分布在黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)側,為(wei)省級重點文物(wu)保(bao)護單位。
九(jiu)道灣樣山風景(jing)(jing)區位于沭(shu)河西岸,北于臨沭(shu)接(jie)壤(rang),面積333公(gong)頃,景(jing)(jing)區內(nei)山巒起(qi)伏,九(jiu)曲盤繞(rao),溝澗縱橫,花果飄香,境內(nei)有箭眼石、龐涓墓等出名景(jing)(jing)點(dian),建設有景(jing)(jing)點(dian)碼頭一處,建設高端生(sheng)態度假區。以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產過程、農(nong)(nong)(nong)村風貌、農(nong)(nong)(nong)民勞動生(sheng)產場(chang)景(jing)(jing)吸引游(you)客,使游(you)客親(qin)身(shen)體驗農(nong)(nong)(nong)村生(sheng)活、享受農(nong)(nong)(nong)業風光(guang)、欣(xin)賞農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)風情。九(jiu)道灣休閑(xian)度假區分為休閑(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)、觀(guan)光(guang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)園、觀(guan)光(guang)漁場(chang)、假日花市(shi)和市(shi)民農(nong)(nong)(nong)園五個(ge)部分。
清泉(quan)寺森(sen)林(lin)公園位于馬(ma)陵山(shan)北段,東至(zhi)沭河東岸,西至(zhi)窟窿溝西側,北至(zhi)跑(pao)馬(ma)嶺(ling)水庫北側山(shan)脊線(xian),南(nan)至(zhi)清泉(quan)寺南(nan)側鄉村道路(lu)。是在清泉(quan)寺林(lin)場基(ji)礎上,經 國家林(lin)業部批準(zhun)成立的省(sheng)級森(sen)林(lin)公園,公園占地(di)4000畝。主要功能分區(qu)(qu)有(you):馬(ma)陵山(shan)古道游(you)(you)覽區(qu)(qu)、清泉(quan)寺游(you)(you)覽區(qu)(qu)、田(tian)園風情區(qu)(qu)、拓展運(yun)動區(qu)(qu)、云(yun)門湖游(you)(you)覽區(qu)(qu)、彩(cai)林(lin)山(shan)谷區(qu)(qu)、濱河運(yun)動休(xiu)閑區(qu)(qu)、濱河度(du)假接待區(qu)(qu)、沭河游(you)(you)賞體驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)。
公(gong)(gong)元前341年的戰(zhan)(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時期(qi),七雄之(zhi)一的魏國(guo)(guo)發動了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代軍(jun)事(shi)史上出(chu)名(ming)的齊(qi)魏馬陵(ling)之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)。馬陵(ling)山位于(yu)郯城(cheng)縣城(cheng)東10公(gong)(gong)里,南北走向,因狀(zhuang)如奔馬而得(de)名(ming)。該山在臨(lin)沭(shu)、郯城(cheng)、江蘇省新(xin)沂(yi)三縣交(jiao)界處(chu),綿延(yan)60余公(gong)(gong)里。據考證,歷史上出(chu)名(ming)的齊(qi)魏馬陵(ling)之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)就發生在這里。公(gong)(gong)元前342年,魏國(guo)(guo)大將龐(pang)涓率(lv)兵攻打韓國(guo)(guo),韓國(guo)(guo)求助于(yu)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)。齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)以(yi)田(tian)忌為主將、孫臏(bin)為軍(jun)師(shi),直攻魏國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)都(dou)大梁。龐(pang)涓聞訊回兵,齊(qi)軍(jun)早已繞道東撤。龐(pang)涓率(lv)兵追趕;孫臏(bin)采用減(jian)灶誘敵之(zhi)計(ji),將魏軍(jun)誘入馬陵(ling)古道,大破魏軍(jun),射殺(sha)龐(pang)涓。《郯城(cheng)縣志》載(zai)有明代李先芳的詩:“迥合長堤衛水秋,滿懷(huai)黃葉荻颼(sou)颼(sou)。居人(ren)近指馬陵(ling)道,遺磧遙傳瓦(wa)屋(wu)頭。昔日孫龐(pang)曾決勝,只今草(cao)木尚含愁。不知(zhi)七國(guo)(guo)皆迷地,猶自停(ting)車吊古邱。”此詩亦(yi)可證馬陵(ling)山之(zhi)戰(zhan)(zhan)發生于(yu)此。
馬陵(ling)之戰戰場(chang)就(jiu)位于郯城縣城東北20公(gong)(gong)里(li)處馬陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)腹地(di)(di)。該處1993年即被批準(zhun)為(wei)省級國(guo)家森林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan),現有林地(di)(di)3萬余畝。1992年,來(lai)自(zi)海內外的100多名(ming)專家學者經(jing)實地(di)(di)考(kao)察和學術(shu)討論,認定(ding)齊魏馬陵(ling)之戰戰址即在此處。遺址地(di)(di)貌存留良好(hao),特(te)別是(shi)獨龍澗(又名(ming)龐涓溝(gou))為(wei)馬陵(ling)戰場(chang)核(he)心區域,內有恨谷(gu)崖、上馬石、龐涓墓等眾多名(ming)勝古跡,而(er)且山(shan)(shan)深林密(mi),地(di)(di)形復雜(za),為(wei)臨沂銀(yin)雀山(shan)(shan)漢墓出土《陳忌問壘》文中所述“隘塞死(si)地(di)(di)”。
龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)溝(gou)為馬(ma)陵戰場(chang)核心區(qu)域,龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)溝(gou)內及附近與孫(sun)、龐(pang)大(da)戰有關(guan)(guan)的地名(ming)(ming)(ming)很多,有孫(sun)臏(bin)營壘、伏兵崖、恨古崖等戰場(chang)遺跡(ji)。孫(sun)臏(bin)養(yang)馬(ma)的馬(ma)場(chang),齊軍射龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)的“射子”(今(jin)稱“社子”)、掛箭(jian)區(qu)、卸甲(jia)(jia)營由(you)此得(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。其中較出(chu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的為卸甲(jia)(jia)營村,相傳(chuan)是龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)中箭(jian)死(si)后,孫(sun)臏(bin)在這里(li)安營,讓士兵卸甲(jia)(jia)休(xiu)整而(er)得(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。在馬(ma)陵山(shan)(shan)區(qu)古道沿線,與齊魏馬(ma)陵之戰有關(guan)(guan)的地名(ming)(ming)(ming)、村名(ming)(ming)(ming)有數十處。龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)溝(gou)附近的樣山(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)頂有龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)墓(mu),墓(mu)下,山(shan)(shan)前(qian)古有“安子廟”,傳(chuan)系孫(sun)殯(bin)念與龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)同學為龐(pang)而(er)建。民間(jian)也曾(ceng)傳(chuan)說螃蟹由(you)龐(pang)涓(juan)(juan)(juan)變(bian)化而(er)來,廟北還發(fa)現一無字紅(hong)石古碑,意為千秋功過(guo)任(ren)憑后人評說。
龐涓(juan)溝附近(jin)馬陵山區古道,出(chu)(chu)土(tu)了(le)大量(liang)的與齊(qi)古道摩崖石(shi)魏馬陵之(zhi)戰(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)關的文(wen)(wen)物。這些文(wen)(wen)物主要有兩大類:一(yi)是兵器與鍋(guo)灶(zao)炕(kang),二是墓(mu)葬。自1958年,在修水利工(gong)程,出(chu)(chu)土(tu)了(le)400—500枚(mei)銅(tong)箭頭(tou)(tou)起,龐涓(juan)溝附近(jin)馬陵山出(chu)(chu)土(tu)了(le)幾十(shi)個鍋(guo)灶(zao)炕(kang)和數千枚(mei)銅(tong)箭頭(tou)(tou)、三棱式銅(tong)簇,數百(bai)個鍋(guo)灶(zao)炕(kang),以及青(qing)銅(tong)劍、青(qing)銅(tong)刺、青(qing)銅(tong)戈等戰(zhan)國時期的青(qing)銅(tong)兵器。 一(yi)件(jian)帶銘文(wen)(wen)的銅(tong)戈,名曰:“谷氏(shi)左”。據先秦史(shi)專家、古文(wen)(wen)字學家李學勤考證(zheng)認為,該戈是魏軍的兵器,年代(dai)也能與馬陵之(zhi)戰(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)吻合。