仙(xian)霞(xia)森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)仙(xian)霞(xia)森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)位于浙(zhe)(zhe)、閩、贛三(san)省交界處的江(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)東南部(bu)(bu)保安鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪(xi)口(kou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廿(nian)八都鎮境(jing)內。公(gong)園(yuan)分(fen)為(wei)仙(xian)霞(xia)關(guan)(guan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)、龍(long)井坑(keng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)和浮蓋(gai)山(shan)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)三(san)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),涉(she)及(ji)江(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)保安鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪(xi)口(kou)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廿(nian)八都鎮三(san)個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮的5個行政村及(ji)江(jiang)山(shan)市(shi)林(lin)業(ye)總場龍(long)井坑(keng)、仙(xian)霞(xia)關(guan)(guan)兩(liang)個林(lin)區(qu)(qu)。景(jing)區(qu)(qu)內自然資(zi)源十分(fen)豐(feng)富,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率達95%以(yi)上。森(sen)林(lin)資(zi)源、自然景(jing)觀與人文(wen)史跡都具有較高的觀賞、科(ke)學和文(wen)化價(jia)值。在第三(san)屆中國(guo)森(sen)林(lin)風景(jing)資(zi)源評(ping)價(jia)委員會第二次會議上,公(gong)園(yuan)晉升為(wei)中國(guo)國(guo)家級森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)。
旅游景點
仙霞森林公園依托逶迤東南的(de)(de)仙霞嶺山脈(mo),北有(you)沖天大(da)將軍黃巢刊(kan)辟的(de)(de)仙霞古(gu)道(dao),南有(you)令徐霞客神(shen)往的(de)(de)浮蓋(gai)山,東有(you)堪稱“浙(zhe)江版納”的(de)(de)原始(shi)次生林,森林旅(lv)游資源極其豐富,景(jing)(jing)點(dian)密度大(da),可覽度高,景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)特色鮮(xian)明,類(lei)別齊全,集古(gu)樹修竹、奇峰怪石、飛(fei)瀑流泉(quan)、幽洞深潭(tan)等自(zi)然景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)于一身,以雄(xiong)(xiong)關(guan)古(gu)道(dao)、寺庵碑(bei)碣、名人(ren)題詠(yong)、神(shen)話傳說等璀璨人(ren)文歷史為(wei)烘托,具有(you)“青(qing)、幽、秀、奇、雄(xiong)(xiong)、險、古(gu)”的(de)(de)特色。
仙霞森林(lin)公園主要景物有169個(ge)(ge),按(an)可覽度分,上上景9個(ge)(ge),上景82個(ge)(ge),中景78個(ge)(ge);按(an)類(lei)(lei)型分,地(di)文類(lei)(lei)64個(ge)(ge),水文類(lei)(lei)54個(ge)(ge),生(sheng)物類(lei)(lei)26個(ge)(ge),人文類(lei)(lei)23個(ge)(ge),天(tian)象(xiang)類(lei)(lei)2個(ge)(ge)。
古樹茂林,堪稱“浙江版納”
公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內森(sen)林(lin)茂(mao)盛,崇山(shan)(shan)峻嶺,擁翠(cui)披(pi)綠,植被以常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)為(wei)主,仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)嶺和(he)石(shi)鼓峽景(jing)(jing)區(qu)有較大(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛竹(zhu)林(lin)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布,浮蓋(gai)山(shan)(shan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)有部分(fen)(fen)(fen)馬尾松、杉木片(pian)林(lin)或(huo)針闊混交(jiao)林(lin)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有木本植物(wu)87科232屬634種,有數種屬國(guo)(guo)家一級(ji)保護和(he)國(guo)(guo)家二(er)級(ji)保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)種,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率達(da)到95%。翠(cui)竹(zhu)蒼松、櫧栲常(chang)綠,一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)季,森(sen)林(lin)植被郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥,隨著季節變換,呈(cheng)現豐(feng)富多姿的(de)(de)(de)(de)季相(xiang)(xiang)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。春天,萬木滋生(sheng)(sheng),欣欣向榮,山(shan)(shan)花(hua)燦爛,新(xin)枝嫩葉如(ru)雪;夏日,山(shan)(shan)色如(ru)黛,濃蔭翠(cui)蓋(gai),竹(zhu)影搖曳,林(lin)間(jian)清(qing)風習(xi)(xi)習(xi)(xi);入(ru)秋,紅(hong)(hong)葉點(dian)點(dian),野(ye)果飄香,鳥鳴啁(zhou)啾,竹(zhu)海松濤翻騰;冬季,寒山(shan)(shan)凝重,泉聲幽咽(yan),瓊枝玉樹(shu)(shu)(shu),滿山(shan)(shan)銀妝素(su)裹。尤其(qi)(qi)在(zai)春夏時節,仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)關頂常(chang)有云霧繚繞,倏忽間(jian)近樹(shu)(shu)(shu)遠山(shan)(shan)變得模(mo)糊不(bu)清(qing),水珠飛(fei)沫(mo)如(ru)精靈飄飛(fei),待(dai)陽(yang)光(guang)(guang)從云間(jian)透射,金光(guang)(guang)萬縷,山(shan)(shan)水林(lin)木均籠罩在(zai)金色的(de)(de)(de)(de)霞(xia)(xia)光(guang)(guang)里,稱(cheng)“仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)披(pi)彩”奇(qi)觀(guan)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內龍井坑生(sheng)(sheng)態區(qu)有一片(pian)原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin),因山(shan)(shan)高路遠,幾百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來沒有人為(wei)活動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)破壞,是浙江(jiang)省最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)之(zhi)一。古(gu)木參天,長藤老樹(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)計其(qi)(qi)數,飛(fei)禽(qin)走獸出沒其(qi)(qi)間(jian),構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)“浙江(jiang)西雙版納”的(de)(de)(de)(de)美麗(li)畫卷。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有為(wei)數可觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)名木,分(fen)(fen)(fen)布于村(cun)(cun)落、古(gu)道、寺廟旁。仙(xian)霞(xia)(xia)古(gu)道上的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃巢拴馬樹(shu)(shu)(shu),石(shi)鼓村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)紅(hong)(hong)豆杉,龍皇廟旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)胸徑1.5米、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡400余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)榧(fei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),還(huan)有古(gu)柳杉、古(gu)銀杏等等,不(bu)勝枚舉。植物(wu)個體之(zhi)間(jian),植物(wu)與山(shan)(shan)石(shi)之(zhi)間(jian)也(ye)組成(cheng)(cheng)許(xu)多觀(guan)賞價值較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan),有枝柯相(xiang)(xiang)扶的(de)(de)(de)(de)“姐妹栲”,古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)抱(bao)竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“胸有成(cheng)(cheng)竹(zhu)”,新(xin)竹(zhu)破巖而發的(de)(de)(de)(de)“細竹(zhu)破石(shi)”;有枯(ku)立木銅干鐵臂般的(de)(de)(de)(de)“枯(ku)桿問天”,灌(guan)草簇生(sheng)(sheng)溪石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“天然(ran)(ran)盆景(jing)(jing)”,古(gu)藤盤繞出洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)“蟒蛇出洞”等等,野(ye)趣盎然(ran)(ran)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內茂(mao)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)植被為(wei)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)提供了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)棲息(xi)地(di),野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)種類繁多。珍禽(qin)異(yi)獸與茂(mao)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)森(sen)林(lin)和(he)諧地(di)相(xiang)(xiang)存相(xiang)(xiang)依(yi),展示了大(da)自然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勃(bo)勃(bo)生(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)。
飛瀑流泉,山水自然靈秀
仙霞森林(lin)公(gong)園山巒(luan)起(qi)伏,溝深(shen)(shen)壑險,眾多泉(quan)水(shui)順山勢(shi)而(er)下,匯(hui)成(cheng)溪(xi)澗(jian),水(shui)懸為瀑(pu),跌落成(cheng)潭,聚而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)湖(hu)。若(ruo)山石為公(gong)園之(zhi)骨骼,森林(lin)為衣裳,水(shui)則為血脈。泉(quan)瀑(pu)溪(xi)澗(jian)潭湖(hu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)公(gong)園脈絡,跳動流(liu)(liu)淌不(bu)止。山得水(shui)而(er)活,水(shui)因山而(er)秀。山光水(shui)色相輝映(ying),更(geng)添自然靈(ling)秀。石鼓(gu)峽口的石鼓(gu)湖(hu)波平(ping)如(ru)(ru)(ru)鏡,湖(hu)畔翠(cui)竹清幽,倒影澄碧,如(ru)(ru)(ru)群(qun)山懷(huai)抱中(zhong)的一(yi)塊(kuai)翡翠(cui)。峽谷深(shen)(shen)處(chu),石鼓(gu)三潭掩映(ying)于綠樹(shu)之(zhi)間,純靜(jing)秀美,虬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)澗(jian)湍(tuan)急如(ru)(ru)(ru)竹箭,與(yu)亂石相激,聲(sheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)金戈,勢(shi)欲(yu)移石;潭上有(you)(you)(you)瀑(pu),因巨石阻(zu)擋,分大小兩注,上分下合,宛(wan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母(mu)子情深(shen)(shen)。瀑(pu)因水(shui)量(liang)、地勢(shi)的差異(yi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)青(qing)絲(si)如(ru)(ru)(ru)珠簾如(ru)(ru)(ru)白(bai)練(lian),似天(tian)(tian)線似臥龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)似“之(zhi)”字(zi)。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)坑生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)區的龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)瀑(pu)從(cong)峭壁上一(yi)天(tian)(tian)然石橋橋孔下飛流(liu)(liu)直瀉,水(shui)花(hua)飛濺,紛紛揚(yang)揚(yang),飄于木(mu)杪林(lin)間,瀑(pu)鳴(ming)如(ru)(ru)(ru)雷震耳。九(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)景區山勢(shi)陡峻曲折,澗(jian)水(shui)蜿(wan)蜒奔(ben)流(liu)(liu),似一(yi)條玉(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)盤旋而(er)下,跌宕成(cheng)大大小小無數潭瀑(pu),中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)潭深(shen)(shen)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)測,稱(cheng)九(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing),謂潛(qian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、臥龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、隱(yin)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、顯龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、躍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、吟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、玉(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、天(tian)(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)九(jiu)(jiu)井(jing)。潭不(bu)在深(shen)(shen),有(you)(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則靈(ling)。九(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)因賦予(yu)了龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)文化更(geng)顯深(shen)(shen)幽古奧(ao)。九(jiu)(jiu)潭之(zhi)間,飛瀑(pu)流(liu)(liu)泉(quan)各有(you)(you)(you)形態(tai)(tai):飛花(hua)瀑(pu)半空擊(ji)石,如(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)女散花(hua);香草(cao)(cao)瀑(pu)香草(cao)(cao)叢生(sheng)(sheng),嵐氣蒸騰,如(ru)(ru)(ru)嗅(xiu)蘭麝;玉(yu)(yu)階瀑(pu)沿天(tian)(tian)然石階俯沖而(er)下,如(ru)(ru)(ru)層層玉(yu)(yu)石階梯;水(shui)簾瀑(pu)瀑(pu)下石猴欲(yu)躍,疑(yi)為水(shui)簾洞府;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian)瀑(pu)緊(jin)貼(tie)皺折不(bu)平(ping)巖(yan)壁,似流(liu)(liu)非瀉,如(ru)(ru)(ru)絲(si)絲(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian);琵琶(pa)泉(quan)泉(quan)形若(ruo)琵琶(pa),錚(zheng)錚(zheng)淙淙,高山流(liu)(liu)水(shui),琴韻悠悠。真可(ke)(ke)謂“淙淙萬音落石顛,皎皎一(yi)派當簾前(qian)。清風高吹鸞鶴淚,白(bai)日(ri)下照(zhao)蛟(jiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian)。”
險峰怪石,磊疊如蓋神奇
每當冬季雪(xue)(xue)后,石(shi)上積雪(xue)(xue)被風掃入石(shi)隙,石(shi)頂(ding)積雪(xue)(xue)融(rong)化,石(shi)隙間仍厚積白(bai)(bai)雪(xue)(xue),此時遙望(wang),層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)疊疊的(de)(de)奇(qi)巖怪石(shi)像躺于白(bai)(bai)綾素羅之中,黑白(bai)(bai)分明,形成“浮蓋(gai)殘雪(xue)(xue)”奇(qi)觀。此外,還有大量(liang)的(de)(de)象形奇(qi)石(shi)星(xing)羅棋布于公園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)溪澗峽谷,仙(xian)霞森林公園(yuan)(yuan)實(shi)乃集大地(di)頑石(shi)之奇(qi)觀。
園內巨巖(yan)崩塌壘疊,又構成無數洞(dong)(dong)穴深罅。洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)相連,上下貫通,石(shi)(shi)洞(dong)(dong)內時寬時窄;頂(ding)開(kai)而(er)明,頂(ding)合而(er)暗(an),光影(ying)變(bian)幻莫測。有細藤如簾(lian)(lian)懸掛(gua)洞(dong)(dong)口的(de)垂簾(lian)(lian)洞(dong)(dong);有青苔如絨似毯的(de)禪意洞(dong)(dong);有古藤攀援(yuan)探出洞(dong)(dong)頂(ding)的(de)蟒蛇(she)洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)等(deng)。游人在忽明忽暗(an)的(de)群洞(dong)(dong)之(zhi)間躬身穿行,猶如置(zhi)身龐大的(de)磊石(shi)(shi)迷宮之(zhi)中(zhong),妙(miao)趣橫生。險峰(feng)、奇(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)、幽洞(dong)(dong)、深峽,輔以(yi)宗教文(wen)化和故事傳(chuan)說,更添仙霞森林公園的(de)神奇(qi)(qi)之(zhi)處。
雄關古道,人文薈萃絢麗
仙(xian)霞(xia)森林公園(yuan)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu),人文史(shi)跡源(yuan)遠流長。唐乾(qian)符五年(nian),農民(min)起義(yi)軍(jun)領(ling)袖(xiu)黃巢率(lv)部于(yu)仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)刊山伐道(dao)700里,直趨建(jian)州(zhou),這條(tiao)二十(shi)四(si)曲、三(san)百六十(shi)級的(de)山道(dao),即成為(wei)著名(ming)的(de)仙(xian)霞(xia)古(gu)道(dao)。公園(yuan)北列仙(xian)霞(xia)關(guan)(guan),南峙楓(feng)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)關(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)霞(xia)關(guan)(guan)建(jian)于(yu)宋(song)代,有(you)“東南鎖(suo)鑰”、“八(ba)閩咽喉(hou)”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,現存石(shi)砌關(guan)(guan)門四(si)道(dao),為(wei)中國十(shi)大軍(jun)事名(ming)關(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。楓(feng)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)關(guan)(guan)為(wei)浙閩界(jie)關(guan)(guan),有(you)“東方劍(jian)閣”、“浙西南第一(yi)(yi)門戶”之(zhi)(zhi)譽,清(qing)順治年(nian)間屯兵(bing)戍(shu)守,現存石(shi)砌關(guan)(guan)門一(yi)(yi)道(dao)。雄關(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)間,古(gu)道(dao)兩(liang)旁,有(you)東南鎖(suo)鑰碑、黃巢紀念館、松風亭、霞(xia)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)亭、福口亭、天(tian)雨庵、古(gu)操(cao)場、古(gu)炮臺、抗日戰壕、率(lv)性齋、十(shi)八(ba)肩古(gu)道(dao)、里山寺等(deng)等(deng),人文景觀如顆(ke)顆(ke)明(ming)珠熠熠生輝。正(zheng)如郁達夫在《仙(xian)霞(xia)紀險》所描述(shu)的(de)“轉一(yi)(yi)個彎,變(bian)一(yi)(yi)番(fan)景色;上(shang)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),辟一(yi)(yi)個天(tian)地(di)”。仙(xian)霞(xia)古(gu)道(dao)及(ji)仙(xian)霞(xia)關(guan)(guan)歷來為(wei)兵(bing)家必爭之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。南宋(song)高(gao)宗建(jian)炎三(san)年(nian),江浙制置使韓世(shi)忠(zhong)越仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)擊潰(kui)叛軍(jun);明(ming)正(zheng)統(tong)九年(nian),葉留(liu)宗領(ling)導礦工起義(yi);清(qing)光緒廿六年(nian),江山劉(liu)家福領(ling)導農民(min)起義(yi),攻占(zhan)此關(guan)(guan);民(min)國24至26年(nian),工農紅軍(jun)挺進師在粟(su)裕、劉(liu)英領(ling)導下(xia),于(yu)仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)(yi)帶建(jian)立游擊根(gen)據(ju)地(di)。雄關(guan)(guan)古(gu)道(dao)見證(zheng)了(le)歷史(shi),并(bing)留(liu)給游人滄桑巨變(bian)的(de)感悟(wu)。
仙霞(xia)古道(dao)也留下歷(li)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)人墨客(ke)的(de)(de)足跡。明代(dai)地(di)理學(xue)家(jia)、旅行(xing)家(jia)徐(xu)霞(xia)客(ke)曾循仙霞(xia)古道(dao),游(you)覽浮蓋山,發出“怪(guai)石摩(mo)云,飛崖削(xue)翠”的(de)(de)贊(zan)嘆(tan),并在《閩(min)(min)游(you)日記》、《后閩(min)(min)游(you)記》中(zhong)作詳細記載(zai)。歷(li)代(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)人墨客(ke)陸游(you)、楊萬(wan)里、汪藻、黃公(gong)度(du)、徐(xu)渭、周(zhou)亮工(gong)、袁(yuan)枚(mei)、查慎行(xing)、郁達夫等也多有(you)題詠。絢(xuan)麗(li)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)(wen)(wen)與雄關古道(dao)、歷(li)史事件(jian)賦予(yu)了仙霞(xia)森林公(gong)園(yuan)豐富的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)內(nei)涵和深厚(hou)的(de)(de)歷(li)史底(di)蘊。