芒果视频

基本介紹

吉林(lin)向海(hai)自(zi)然保(bao)護區1981年經(jing)吉林(lin)省人(ren)民政(zheng)府批準建立，是以保(bao)護丹頂鶴等(deng)珍稀水禽和(he)蒙(meng)古(gu)黃榆等(deng)稀有植(zhi)物群落為主要目的(de)(de)的(de)(de)內(nei)陸濕(shi)地與水域生(sheng)態系統(tong)類型的(de)(de)自(zi)然保(bao)護區。保(bao)護區位于吉林(lin)省通(tong)榆縣(xian)境內(nei)，總幅(fu)員105467公頃。南(nan)北長45公里，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬42公里，西(xi)(xi)與內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)科右(you)中旗接壤，北與洮南(nan)市相鄰。保(bao)護區南(nan)部(bu)有霍林(lin)河(he)貫穿(chuan)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)，中部(bu)有額穆泰河(he)流進濕(shi)地，北部(bu)引洮兒河(he)水注入水庫。

向海(hai)地形(xing)復雜，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)多(duo)樣，多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系與復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)互(hu)相滲透(tou)。沙丘、草原、沼澤(ze)、湖泊(bo)相間分布，縱橫交錯，星(xing)羅棋布，構成(cheng)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕地多(duo)樣性景(jing)觀(guan)。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)林地面(mian)積(ji)2.9萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蒙古黃榆(yu)面(mian)積(ji)1.9萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；湖泊(bo)水域1.25萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；蘆葦沼澤(ze)2.36萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；草原3.04萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)。形(xing)成(cheng)四大(da)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態景(jing)觀(guan)。即：沙丘榆(yu)林、湖泊(bo)水域、蒲草葦蕩、羊草草原。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)資源十分豐(feng)富。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國動物(wu)(wu)(wu)地理區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)松遼平(ping)原亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和蒙新區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)東(dong)部草原亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源在這里均有(you)(you)分布。區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共有(you)(you)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)595種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥用(yong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)220多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)300多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥類(lei)293種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，獸類(lei)37種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)335種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)向海(hai)就有(you)(you)52種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一級(ji)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：大(da)鴇、東(dong)方白鸛(guan)(guan)、黑鸛(guan)(guan)、丹頂鶴(he)、白鶴(he)、白頭鶴(he)、金(jin)雕、白肩雕、白尾海(hai)雕、虎頭海(hai)雕。二級(ji)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)護(hu)候鳥及其(qi)棲息環境(jing)協定》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)173種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占協定種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)76.21%，有(you)(you)《瀕危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿(mao)易公(gong)約》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類(lei)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)國家保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)重要經(jing)濟、科學研(yan)究價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)235種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

景點景觀

鶴島

位(wei)于向海保護區管理局所在地西南4公里處，三(san)面(mian)環水，一面(mian)臨山，植被多樣，灌(guan)木蔥蘢，環島水域(yu)內，蒲(pu)草葦蕩高可過(guo)人，茂密連片，值得一看的當然(ran)還要數人工馴化(hua)成(cheng)功(gong)的半(ban)散養的丹頂鶴。

博物館

是向海(hai)自然保護區的微(wei)觀縮影，體(ti)現(xian)了向海(hai)濕(shi)地特性，尤其各種(zhong)動(dong)物栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如生。

香海寺

1664年清朝順(shun)治初(chu)始(shi)，在向海建了一(yi)座喇嘛廟(miao)(miao)，取名“青海廟(miao)(miao)”，一(yi)九七(qi)二年在“破四(si)舊”中(zhong)毀掉。一(yi)九九四(si)年始(shi)，對廟(miao)(miao)宇進行了重(zhong)新修復，已故國家佛教協會(hui)主席趙樸初(chu)將其題(ti)名為(wei)“香海寺”。

蒙古黃榆林

黃(huang)榆(yu)光觀區距縣城約(yue)60公里，那里有一片亞洲較大的(de)蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)黃(huang)榆(yu)林，面積約(yue)50平方(fang)公里。蒙(meng)(meng)古(gu)黃(huang)榆(yu)樹是亞洲稀有樹種，屬于榆(yu)科、榆(yu)屬，是天然次(ci)生林，是干旱地(di)區沙丘崗地(di)上特有的(de)樹種。

地理環境

位置

向海自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于(yu)吉林省西部(bu)通榆縣境內(nei)，科(ke)爾沁草(cao)原中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)，西與內(nei)蒙(meng)古科(ke)右中(zhong)(zhong)旗接壤(rang)，北(bei)(bei)與洮(tao)南(nan)市(shi)相鄰(lin)。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為44°55′－45°09′N，122°05′－122°31′E，面積105467公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)南(nan)部(bu)有霍林河貫(guan)穿東西，中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)有額(e)穆泰河流(liu)進濕地(di)(di)，北(bei)(bei)部(bu)引洮(tao)兒河水注入水庫。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)范圍(wei)包括向海蒙(meng)古族鄉的(de)(de)全(quan)部(bu)及四井子鎮(zhen)、烏(wu)蘭花鎮(zhen)、興隆山鎮(zhen)、同發牧場(chang)的(de)(de)部(bu)分(fen)，計(ji)為5個鄉（鎮(zhen)、場(chang)），12個村、32個自然(ran)屯。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長45公(gong)(gong)里(li)，東西寬42公(gong)(gong)里(li)，總面積105467公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。

地質

向(xiang)(xiang)海(hai)地(di)(di)處內蒙古(gu)高原(yuan)和東(dong)北平(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)過渡(du)地(di)(di)帶，在大(da)(da)地(di)(di)構造(zao)上屬松遼凹(ao)陷的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)部(bu)沉降帶，自中(zhong)生代(dai)以來大(da)(da)幅度(du)下(xia)沉，有(you)深厚的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)生代(dai)和新(xin)生代(dai)沉積，地(di)(di)貌以沙(sha)(sha)化和鹽漬化的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)原(yuan)為特征。發源于大(da)(da)興安(an)嶺東(dong)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)條河(he)流(liu)，到(dao)這里失去了河(he)道，水(shui)流(liu)漫散排泄(xie)不(bu)暢，形成大(da)(da)面積的(de)(de)(de)蘆(lu)葦(wei)沼澤。地(di)(di)勢由西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)微微傾斜，海(hai)拔在156－192米(mi)之間(jian)，壟狀沙(sha)(sha)丘(qiu)與壟間(jian)洼地(di)(di)交錯相間(jian)排列，呈西(xi)北－－東(dong)南方向(xiang)(xiang)延伸(shen)，表(biao)現為沙(sha)(sha)丘(qiu)榆(yu)林－－茫茫草(cao)原(yuan)－－蒲草(cao)葦(wei)蕩－－湖泊水(shui)域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)自然景色，地(di)(di)貌為沙(sha)(sha)丘(qiu)覆(fu)蓋的(de)(de)(de)沖擊平(ping)原(yuan)，屬科爾(er)沁沙(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)（草(cao)原(yuan)）的(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)部(bu)分(fen)。

土壤

向(xiang)海區內土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要為栗鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和風(feng)積沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)厚度一般在(zai)0.5－1.0米之間(jian)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中腐殖質(zhi)含(han)量較(jiao)少(shao)，含(han)鹽(yan)堿量偏(pian)高，PH值在(zai)7.5－8.5之間(jian)。

氣候

向海(hai)屬北溫帶大陸性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)，處于吉(ji)林(lin)省半干旱(han)草原氣(qi)候(hou)地帶。春季(ji)多(duo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)干旱(han)，夏季(ji)溫暖，冬季(ji)嚴寒少(shao)雪，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)沙較多(duo)。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫5.1℃，高37℃，低－32℃；年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)400毫米(mi)，多(duo)集中在7、8月份；年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)蒸發(fa)量(liang)為1945毫米(mi)；年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數2876小(xiao)時(shi)，無霜期150天左右；全年盛(sheng)行(xing)西南風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)一(yi)般(ban)5－6級，大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)可達11級，7級以上大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)35天。

水文

向(xiang)海總水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積為12441公(gong)頃(qing)，沼(zhao)澤(ze)面(mian)(mian)積23654公(gong)頃(qing)。區內南部有(you)霍林河(he)(he)(he)貫穿(chuan)東西，中部有(you)額穆泰河(he)(he)(he)形(xing)成(cheng)的草(cao)原沼(zhao)澤(ze)，北部有(you)洮(tao)兒河(he)(he)(he)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉(gai)系統，三大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系在向(xiang)海區域(yu)內形(xing)成(cheng)大肚泡(pao)(pao)、付老文泡(pao)(pao)等(deng)22個(ge)大型泡(pao)(pao)沼(zhao)。由于蒸發、滲透，在區內無明顯河(he)(he)(he)床，只有(you)在雨季時，形(xing)成(cheng)季節性(xing)濕地或沼(zhao)澤(ze)地。居(ju)中的大香海泡(pao)(pao)與二場(chang)泡(pao)(pao)于1971年建壩(ba)，并引(yin)入洮(tao)（洮(tao)兒河(he)(he)(he)）灌溉(gai)工程系統，稱為向(xiang)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。向(xiang)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫無污染，酸堿度7.6，淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)域(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)肥美，水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫高，正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)面(mian)(mian)6650公(gong)頃(qing)，湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)7100公(gong)頃(qing)。向(xiang)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫與相(xiang)(xiang)鄰各泡(pao)(pao)及興隆水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫相(xiang)(xiang)通，水(shui)(shui)(shui)深一(yi)般在0.5－1.5米，深處10米以上(shang)。

歷史沿革

1981年(nian)，經吉林省(sheng)人民政府批準建立保護區。

1986年，被(bei)國務院批準晉升(sheng)為(wei)國家級自然保護區。

1992年，被(bei)國務院指定(ding)列入《國際重要濕地名錄》，同年被(bei)世界野生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)基金會評定(ding)為具有國際意義(yi)的A級(ji)自然保護區。

1993年，被中國人(ren)與生(sheng)物圈委(wei)員會批(pi)準納入“生(sheng)物圈保護區網絡”。