從天(tian)蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨的(de)西門登上銀臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding),可(ke)望(wang)兩省(sheng)四(si)(si)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)九十六處(chu)洞(dong)寨。這里位于陜西省(sheng)和湖北省(sheng)交界處(chu),也在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、柞水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鄖(yun)西縣(xian)(xian)(xian)四(si)(si)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)交匯處(chu)。古時在這個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)設有(you)瞭(liao)望(wang)哨,并有(you)青黑紅白四(si)(si)面大旗。如(ru)有(you)那個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨或(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong)燃起狼煙,天(tian)蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨后面的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)也會燃起狼煙,立(li)起紅旗讓其(qi)它山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨做好防范,青旗立(li)起讓周(zhou)邊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨支(zhi)援,黑旗立(li)起表示危險(xian)或(huo)有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨被攻破,白旗立(li)起表示土(tu)匪(fei)已離去(qu),警報解除。
眾多(duo)山(shan)寨(zhai)雖在高(gao)高(gao)的山(shan)尖之(zhi)上(shang),但(dan)每一(yi)個(ge)(ge)山(shan)寨(zhai)邊都有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)口(kou)水井,終年不枯,這也是當地人們常引以為豪的“山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)高(gao),水有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)高(gao)”。清(qing)涼寨(zhai)就有(you)(you)(you)景(jing)門(men)和(he)生門(men)兩個(ge)(ge)門(men),每個(ge)(ge)門(men)口(kou)各有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)泉眼供寨(zhai)內人飲用。寨(zhai)墻厚(hou)兩米七,全部用條石(shi)砌(qi)成,高(gao)五(wu)米,按乾、坎(kan)、艮、震、巽、離、坤、兌八(ba)個(ge)(ge)方向設八(ba)個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)位。每個(ge)(ge)炮(pao)位的炮(pao)孔內大外小,可供三人靈活操作一(yi)門(men)土炮(pao)。寨(zhai)內還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)條運兵通道,一(yi)圈共有(you)(you)(you)二十八(ba)個(ge)(ge)瞭望孔。遇有(you)(you)(you)戰事時(shi),四面插上(shang)彩旗(qi),備足雷石(shi),固若(ruo)金湯。節選自《天(tian)蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)紀事》。
天(tian)蓬山(shan)(shan)寨東邊的天(tian)坑梁(liang),下臨(lin)金錢(qian)河與滑(hua)水(shui)河兩河交匯之(zhi)處,三(san)面險山(shan)(shan),唯天(tian)蓬山(shan)(shan)寨一方較為(wei)方便通行,自古(gu)以來就是易(yi)守難攻之(zhi)地,有多處屯兵建寨遺跡。民(min)國(guo)二(er)(er)十三(san)年(1934)12月25日,紅二(er)(er)十五(wu)軍進入本縣九(jiu)甲灣,收編當(dang)地以阮開科(ke)(ke)為(wei)首(shou)的“紅槍會”,編為(wei)鄂陜(shan)(shan)邊區第(di)九(jiu)路游擊師,任命(ming)阮開科(ke)(ke)為(wei)師長,派(pai)紅軍干部李(li)洪(hong)章為(wei)政(zheng)委,發(fa)給長短槍52枝。九(jiu)師以唐家(jia)河為(wei)中心,在陜(shan)(shan)鄂邊境山(shan)(shan)區打土(tu)豪,分(fen)浮財,隊伍很(hen)快擴(kuo)大到(dao)千余人(ren)(ren)。還配(pei)合(he)主力(li)軍在泗(si)峪口打垮(kua)艾光清保(bao)甲400余人(ren)(ren),殲滅國(guo)民(min)黨軍四十四師蕭(xiao)之(zhi)楚一個營,會合(he)第(di)五(wu)路游擊師打垮(kua)楊虎城第(di)十七路軍警備第(di)二(er)(er)旅韓子芳團(tuan)。不久(jiu),阮開科(ke)(ke)私欲萌(meng)動(dong),家(jia)資漸豐(feng),生(sheng)(sheng)活自由散漫,不受(shou)軍紀(ji)約(yue)束,經常率少數親信明(ming)取暗奪,假公濟私。師政(zheng)委李(li)洪(hong)章對其(qi)進行批評(ping),其(qi)對李(li)遂生(sheng)(sheng)忿恨。后因籌(chou)措部隊給養問題發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)爭執,阮即產生(sheng)(sheng)殺李(li)惡念,于(yu)二(er)(er)十四年六月九(jiu)日晚派(pai)人(ren)(ren)槍殺李(li)洪(hong)章,并割其(qi)首(shou)級去縣請功,叛(pan)變革(ge)命(ming)。天(tian)坑梁(liang)兵寨多已被毀(hui),連之(zhi)前(qian)兩個火(huo)山(shan)(shan)口的兩池清水(shui)都(dou)干了,從前(qian)這(zhe)兩池水(shui)魚(yu)肥水(shui)美,池魚(yu)能從一個池子跳到(dao)另(ling)一個池子。
天(tian)蓬山寨(zhai)的(de)南邊有后(hou)蔭寨(zhai)、店埡(wu)子(zi)等(deng)要(yao)(yao)寨(zhai),從楊地鎮(zhen)(zhen)沿冷安路(lu)(lu)(lu)向西不遠(yuan)(yuan)的(de)后(hou)蔭寨(zhai),站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)公路(lu)(lu)(lu)邊就可以看見那黑色的(de)寨(zhai)墻。1935年(nian)(nian)2月上旬(xun),中共(gong)鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)特(te)委(wei)、鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)游(you)(you)擊(ji)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)在(zai)山陽縣店埡(wu)子(zi)成立(li),郭述(shu)申(shen)任(ren)(ren)特(te)委(wei)書記兼(jian)游(you)(you)擊(ji)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)政委(wei),陳先瑞任(ren)(ren)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。3月,郭述(shu)申(shen)調回軍部(bu),由戴季(ji)英(ying)繼任(ren)(ren)特(te)委(wei)書記兼(jian)政委(wei);6月,戴季(ji)英(ying)調回軍部(bu),由鄭位三接任(ren)(ren)。中共(gong)鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)特(te)委(wei)隸屬(shu)中共(gong)鄂(e)豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)省委(wei)領導,下轄中共(gong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安縣委(wei)、中共(gong)五星縣委(wei),主要(yao)(yao)活動在(zai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安、山陽、柞水、旬(xun)陽和湖北(bei)的(de)鄖西等(deng)縣邊界地區。鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)下轄鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)第(di)3路(lu)(lu)(lu)、第(di)4路(lu)(lu)(lu)、第(di)5路(lu)(lu)(lu)、第(di)6路(lu)(lu)(lu)、第(di)7路(lu)(lu)(lu)、第(di)9路(lu)(lu)(lu)共(gong)6路(lu)(lu)(lu)游(you)(you)擊(ji)師和鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)游(you)(you)擊(ji)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)戰(zhan)斗營。1935年(nian)(nian)9月鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)特(te)委(wei)與豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)特(te)委(wei)合并成立(li)中共(gong)陜(shan)(shan)南特(te)委(wei)(后(hou)稱鄂(e)豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)特(te)委(wei))。同年(nian)(nian)鄂(e)陜(shan)(shan)游(you)(you)擊(ji)司(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)與豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)游(you)(you)擊(ji)師合并,組成中國工農(nong)紅(hong)軍第(di)七十四師。站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)二里灣山梁舉(ju)目遠(yuan)(yuan)眺,位于東(dong)龍山、老寨(zhai)、迎合寨(zhai)之中的(de)白塔(ta)寨(zhai)筆直矗立(li),頗為壯觀。
天蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)邊有(you)鉆天寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、孫家溝寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、東西(xi)二(er)(er)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)等,白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)為明(ming)末山陽、鎮安(an)毛家和張家兩(liang)大(da)戶聯合當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)民眾為避白(bai)(bai)(bai)蓮教義軍(jun)(jun)而修(xiu)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),起初叫新寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。民國(guo)初年改成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。建(jian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)時規劃(hua)設計十(shi)分(fen)獨特,按照座北朝南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)位(wei),前(qian)為南(nan)門(men)(men)套二(er)(er)層(ceng)門(men)(men),后(hou)門(men)(men)朝北,套二(er)(er)道(dao)門(men)(men),中(zhong)(zhong)間有(you)國(guo)王人(ren)行道(dao)路,上(shang)部建(jian)有(you)108個(ge)防御炮眼(yan),中(zhong)(zhong)部建(jian)有(you)36個(ge)哨眼(yan),下部建(jian)有(you)28個(ge)大(da)眼(yan)因地(di)(di)(di)形限制(zhi),白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前(qian)寬后(hou)窄(zhai)呈橢(tuo)圓形。與其它(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)子不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)是,寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后(hou)腳(jiao)有(you)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔離石墻,并套有(you)一(yi)小間,專為老弱病殘及婦女坐(zuo)月(yue)子所用(yong)(yong),前(qian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)設3聽廳間,有(you)守寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)兵勇(yong)專用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4間廳房,中(zhong)(zhong)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)有(you)5間3層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)房屋(wu),后(hou)廳的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低處建(jian)有(you)4小間兵庫,建(jian)造規模宏(hong)大(da),地(di)(di)(di)理位(wei)置(zhi)險要(yao),結構新穎獨特。1935年1月(yue)4日(ri)(ri),程子華、徐海(hai)東、陳先(xian)(xian)瑞率領的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)二(er)(er)十(shi)五軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)戰鎮安(an)縣城后(hou),立(li)即派紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)工(gong)作組(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)宣(xuan)布成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)鄂豫陜革(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di),次(ci)年2月(yue)又宣(xuan)布成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)鎮安(an)蘇維(wei)埃政(zheng)府,派出6支紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)工(gong)作組(zu)(zu)(zu)在(zai)二(er)(er)里(li)(li)灣、滑水河、柿園子、白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)灣組(zu)(zu)(zu)織發動窮(qiong)苦(ku)大(da)眾,掀起轟轟烈烈的(de)(de)(de)(de);‘打土豪’、分(fen)田地(di)(di)(di)農(nong)民運(yun)(yun)動。2月(yue)14日(ri)(ri),陳先(xian)(xian)瑞司令員(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)滑水河召開(kai)千人(ren)大(da)會,莊嚴(yan)宣(xuan)布中(zhong)(zhong)共鎮安(an)縣委、鎮安(an)縣蘇維(wei)埃人(ren)民政(zheng)府成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li),沒收地(di)(di)(di)主老財的(de)(de)(de)(de)420畝土地(di)(di)(di)和57間房屋(wu)分(fen)給了(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)克人(ren)民,取得了(le)鎮安(an)第一(yi)次(ci)土地(di)(di)(di)革(ge)命(ming)運(yun)(yun)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利(li),受到了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)央領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度贊揚。1935年5月(yue)8日(ri)(ri),國(guo)名黨四十(shi)軍(jun)(jun)龐部隊(dui)乘天旱白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)缺(que)水之機,突然圍攻(gong)白(bai)(bai)(bai)他站蘇維(wei)埃政(zheng)府根(gen)據地(di)(di)(di),機智勇(yong)敢(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)上(shang)310多名游(you)擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan)(yuan),采取快速(su)突圍撤(che)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)作戰方(fang)案(an)。窮(qiong)兇極惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)龐部利(li)用(yong)(yong)店呀子的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)高點(dian),用(yong)(yong)大(da)炮紅(hong)紙(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),張永勝、朱(zhu)啟有(you)等6名游(you)擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)犧牲(sheng)在(zai)西(xi)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)門(men)(men),游(you)擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)馬(ma)德普被捉下寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)強殺(sha)于二(er)(er)里(li)(li)灣。其后(hou),在(zai)二(er)(er)十(shi)五軍(jun)(jun)北上(shang)抗日(ri)(ri)后(hou),白(bai)(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)游(you)擊(ji)師(shi)隊(dui)員(yuan)(yuan)繼續(xu)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織擴(kuo)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)武裝力量,開(kai)展革(ge)命(ming)活動。
天蓬山寨的(de)北面有(you)雙環寨、清涼寨等。位于宋川的(de)雙環寨,兩寨相(xiang)距僅幾百米,可以及時(shi)相(xiang)互支援,是這(zhe)些山寨群中的(de)精品(pin)。
這些山(shan)寨,在很多人心中,已(yi)是世(shi)界級的文(wen)化遺產。