"克拉瑪(ma)(ma)依" 維(wei)吾爾語為"黑(hei)油(you)(you)",故(gu)這個天然石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)丘由此得名黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。這座黑(hei)色的(de)瀝(li)(li)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以及它地(di)(di)下埋藏的(de)石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)在這里已(yi)沉睡上億年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。 由于地(di)(di)殼(ke)變動,地(di)(di)下石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)受地(di)(di)層(ceng)壓(ya)力影響,沿石(shi)(shi)裂隙不斷向(xiang)地(di)(di)表滲(shen)出,石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)中(zhong)輕質(zhi)部分(fen)揮發,剩下稠液(ye)同(tong)沙(sha)土凝(ning)結堆成此黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。為發揚艱苦創(chuang)業精神,新(xin)疆石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)管(guan)理局和(he)(he)克拉瑪(ma)(ma)依市1982 年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月1日(ri)在黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)樹(shu)立了近(jin)3米(mi)高的(de)石(shi)(shi)雕紀念碑和(he)(he)一(yi)尊維(wei)吾爾老(lao)人騎著毛驢彈(dan)奏熱瓦(wa)普的(de)塑像(xiang)。黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)各族(zu)人民進行革命傳統教育的(de)紀念地(di)(di)和(he)(he)游覽(lan)勝地(di)(di)。 黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南麓有一(yi)公園,面(mian)積(ji)(ji)13萬(wan)(wan)平方米(mi),以拓湖(hu)為主,水(shui)面(mian)19.6萬(wan)(wan)平方米(mi),湖(hu)中(zhong)有孤(gu)島和(he)(he)足(zu)島兩(liang)座。孤(gu)島上有一(yi)小亭,亭旁立了3棵2億多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前的(de)松樹(shu)化(hua)石(shi)(shi),為罕(han)見珍品,足(zu)島形狀如腳。島北有跨虹(hong)橋(qiao),東有曲橋(qiao)與湖(hu)岸相通(tong),跨虹(hong)橋(qiao)北岸有一(yi)座10余米(mi)高的(de)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)位于克拉瑪(ma)(ma)依市區(qu)東北兩(liang)公里處(chu),是(shi)克拉瑪(ma)(ma)依油(you)(you)田三迭系石(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)露(lu)頭,因原油(you)(you)長年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)外溢結成的(de)一(yi)群瀝(li)(li)青(qing)丘,其(qi)中(zhong)較大的(de)一(yi)個高13米(mi),面(mian)積(ji)(ji)0.2平方公里.黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)油(you)(you)質(zhi)為珍貴的(de)低(di)凝(ning)油(you)(you).椐地(di)(di)質(zhi)學家們預(yu)測,早在兩(liang)億年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前,黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)就已(yi)經開始(shi)溢油(you)(you)了.清末(mo) 漢文文獻中(zhong)將黑(hei)油(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)及其(qi)附近(jin)的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)稱為青(qing)石(shi)(shi)峽。
<<新疆圖志>>,<<清明續文獻通考>>等書中均記載了(le)這(zhe)里的出油情況:"清石峽 ,其中多石油","青石峽之黑油山(shan)......現有(you)九泉,山(shan)頂一(yi)泉較大,油旺時每日可取二百數十斤."解放前,長期有(you)附(fu)近人民(min)采集.直到解放初(chu)期還有(you)一(yi)位名叫賽里木巴依(yi)的維(wei)吾爾族老人住(zhu)在附(fu)近的地(di)窖里收集原油,然后(hou),用(yong)毛驢運(yun)到附(fu)近地(di)區換(huan)取生活用(yong)品。