芒果视频

景觀介紹

在產出(chu)大量硅化(hua)(hua)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一(yi)套巖層中(zhong)(zhong)，還(huan)(huan)保存有豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)袁復(fu)禮(li)教(jiao)授1931年(nian)在將軍戈壁(bi)發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)10.26m、背(bei)高4.05m的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)--奇臺(tai)天山(shan)龍(long)(long)，是中(zhong)(zhong)國人第(di)一(yi)次(ci)在亞(ya)洲(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)現恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。1983年(nian)以來(lai)，中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)古生物專(zhuan)家(jia)在公(gong)園區域內又先后(hou)挖掘(jue)出(chu)大量恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包括體長(chang)(chang)30.4米(mi)，高10余(yu)米(mi)，目前(qian)亞(ya)洲(zhou)(zhou)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)--中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)馬門溪龍(long)(long)、新疆(jiang)侏(zhu)羅紀典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)食肉型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)--長(chang)(chang)5.1米(mi)，背(bei)高1.7米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)江氏(shi)單嵴龍(long)(long)、以及(ji)蜥(xi)腳類的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘇氏(shi)巧(qiao)龍(long)(long)和戈壁(bi)卡(ka)拉麥(mai)里龍(long)(long)，鳥臀目的(de)(de)(de)(de)五彩灣工部龍(long)(long)，還(huan)(huan)有被稱為代表了獸腳類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)重(zhong)要演化(hua)(hua)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)董(dong)氏(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國伶(ling)盜龍(long)(long)。與恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)伴(ban)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)(huan)有大量鱷類、龜類、蜥(xi)蜴以及(ji)兩棲—哺乳動(dong)(dong)物和小型原(yuan)始哺乳動(dong)(dong)物化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。

硅化木-恐龍國(guo)家地(di)質公(gong)園景區內(nei)還是極(ji)其重(zhong)要的(de)荒漠物種保(bao)(bao)存地(di)和生(sheng)態功能(neng)區，植被(bei)以(yi)白梭(suo)梭(suo)、沙(sha)拐棗、紅(hong)柳等灌木，以(yi)及豬毛菜、堿蓬等草本植物為主(zhu)，野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物以(yi)有(you)蹄類最為重(zhong)要。1982年國(guo)家在這里(li)建立了“卡拉麥里(li)有(you)蹄類野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)物保(bao)(bao)護區”，保(bao)(bao)護對象主(zhu)要是蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)（又名“普氏野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)”）、蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)驢、鵝(e)喉羚、高鼻羚羊、盤羊、馬(ma)(ma)鹿、野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)山羊等及其生(sheng)存環(huan)境。保(bao)(bao)護區面積達1.8萬(wan)平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)，是我(wo)國(guo)最大的(de)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區之一。有(you)蹄尖動(dong)物以(yi)鵝(e)喉羚最多，數(shu)量近萬(wan)只。19世紀被(bei)俄國(guo)探險家普爾熱瓦(wa)爾斯基發現(xian)并命名的(de)普氏野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)的(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)種群已不(bu)存在，1985年以(yi)來(lai)陸續從國(guo)外引進野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)后(hou)裔(yi)，并在保(bao)(bao)護區內(nei)建立了全國(guo)唯(wei)一的(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)繁殖中心，將逐步使蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)重(zhong)返大自然(ran)。

特色

奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)—恐(kong)龍國家地質公園總(zong)面積492平方公里。形(xing)成于距今1.95-1.37億年(nian)(nian)前的(de)侏羅紀。奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)園硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群是亞(ya)洲(zhou)面積最(zui)(zui)大、數量最(zui)(zui)多、保(bao)存最(zui)(zui)完整(zheng)的(de)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)森林(lin)，遺存規模位居世(shi)界(jie)第二(er)位。2006年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)26日在奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)恐(kong)龍溝出土(tu)的(de)蜥腳類(lei)食草(cao)恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)神長35米，是亞(ya)洲(zhou)第一、世(shi)界(jie)第二(er)大恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。 主要景區有硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群、中生代恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)、雅丹地貌、石(shi)(shi)錢灘等。

硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群：奇(qi)臺(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群距今(jin)1.5億年的侏羅系石樹溝(gou)群巖層中(zhong)，較(jiao)為集中(zhong)的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)遺(yi)跡(ji)有(you)(you)四處，其中(zhong)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)園景區(qu)面積11.65平方公里，集中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在北東—南西向(xiang)沖溝(gou)內(nei)，出(chu)露數量近千株，是(shi)目前亞(ya)洲(zhou)遺(yi)存規模最大的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群，僅次(ci)于美(mei)國亞(ya)利桑那州化(hua)(hua)石森林，位(wei)居世界(jie)第二，是(shi)地(di)質公園參(can)觀(guan)、游覽和研究(jiu)價值最高的區(qu)域(yu)。目前為止，區(qu)內(nei)已鑒定(ding)出(chu)的主要屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種有(you)(you)原始云杉(shan)(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、異木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、南美(mei)杉(shan)(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和柏(bo)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，還有(you)(you)一些小型(xing)植物如錐葉(xie)蕨屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、似木(mu)(mu)賊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、披葉(xie)杉(shan)(shan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等，表明當時的植物十分(fen)(fen)地(di)繁盛，對研究(jiu)準噶爾盆地(di)中(zhong)生代地(di)質歷史時期(qi)古(gu)地(di)理(li)、古(gu)氣(qi)候演化(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)著(zhu)非常(chang)重要的作用。

中生代恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi) ：1931年我國(guo)著名的(de)(de)(de)地質學家(jia)袁復禮教授在(zai)(zai)將軍戈壁名為(wei)凱利施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)地方發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了兩個大(da)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼化(hua)石(shi)，經(jing)楊鐘健修復，為(wei)身長(chang)(chang)10.26米(mi)(mi)、背高4.05米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨架，定(ding)名為(wei)奇臺天山(shan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬蜥(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是中國(guo)人第(di)一次在(zai)(zai)自(zi)己國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)。1983年，中國(guo)科學院(yuan)北京(jing)古(gu)脊(ji)椎動物(wu)與古(gu)人類(lei)研(yan)究所組成新疆考(kao)察(cha)隊在(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝進行考(kao)察(cha)，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)了多具恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)，原定(ding)名為(wei)“將軍廟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，1993年經(jing)進一步(bu)研(yan)究，鑒定(ding)為(wei)江(jiang)氏單嵴(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。最(zui)具影響的(de)(de)(de)是中加恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)聯合考(kao)察(cha)隊1986—1990年期間在(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝進行的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)活動，他們發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)許多化(hua)石(shi)，包括2個完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼，其中一具長(chang)(chang)30米(mi)(mi)，軀(qu)高10多米(mi)(mi)，重量(liang)達(da)5萬千克，為(wei)蜥(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)－中加馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。2006年8月(yue)26日在(zai)(zai)奇臺恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝出土的(de)(de)(de)蜥(xi)腳類(lei)食草恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)神(shen)長(chang)(chang)35米(mi)(mi)，是亞洲(zhou)第(di)一、世界(jie)(jie)第(di)二大(da)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)，這具恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)脖(bo)子（長(chang)(chang)度15米(mi)(mi)）被證實(shi)是世界(jie)(jie)上(shang)脖(bo)子最(zui)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)。還挖掘出一塊劍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)肩刺和劍板(ban)化(hua)石(shi)，這塊化(hua)石(shi)是世界(jie)(jie)上(shang)同類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)肩刺和劍板(ban)化(hua)石(shi)保存最(zui)完整(zheng)、最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)。

雅丹(dan)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)：“雅丹(dan)”，又名“雅爾丹(dan)”，維吾爾語原意為(wei)“陡壁的(de)(de)(de)小丘(qiu)”。現泛指干燥地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)一種風蝕(shi)(shi)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)，是河湖相(xiang)土(tu)狀沉積物(wu)所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)面經過(guo)風化作用(yong)、間歇性流水沖(chong)刷和(he)風力的(de)(de)(de)長期吹(chui)蝕(shi)(shi)所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)風蝕(shi)(shi)土(tu)墩和(he)風蝕(shi)(shi)凹地(di)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)組(zu)合。在(zai)將(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁，這(zhe)種地(di)貌(mao)(mao)主要(yao)發(fa)育在(zai)侏羅紀(ji)河湖相(xiang)紅層中，色彩更為(wei)鮮艷，園區(qu)以魔鬼城(cheng)雅丹(dan)景(jing)區(qu)和(he)瀚海動物(wu)園雅丹(dan)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)較為(wei)集中，有的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風蝕(shi)(shi)城(cheng)堡(bao)，有的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風蝕(shi)(shi)蘑菇，有的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風蝕(shi)(shi)殘丘(qiu)，有的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風蝕(shi)(shi)柱，構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)似人、獅、虎、象、牛(niu)、龜等(deng)奇特造型。

石錢(qian)(qian)灘：位于(yu)將軍廟以(yi)東，距北山煤(mei)窯以(yi)北10千(qian)米處的洼地內，發現許多海相(xiang)生物化石，其中海百合莖(jing)的化石碎片，形似一(yi)枚枚錢(qian)(qian)幣，散落地表(biao)，故將分布于(yu)東準噶(ga)爾將軍廟一(yi)帶的這(zhe)一(yi)套(tao)海相(xiang)碎屑巖夾灰(hui)巖定為(wei)“石錢(qian)(qian)灘建造”，后被演化為(wei)“石錢(qian)(qian)灘組”，該處也因此(ci)得名“石錢(qian)(qian)灘”。

公園遺跡

新疆(jiang)奇(qi)臺硅化(hua)木(mu)—恐(kong)龍國(guo)家地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)位于(yu)古(gu)絲綢之路新北(bei)道上的奇(qi)臺縣境(jing)內 （東(dong)經89°40′—90°37′，北(bei)緯44°25′—44°58′），西南距(ju)烏(wu)魯木(mu)齊(qi)市(shi)350km，總面(mian)積492km2，是以(yi)(yi)古(gu)生物化(hua)石(shi)類、地(di)(di)(di)貌類地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)為主(zhu)的國(guo)家級地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)。內含硅化(hua)木(mu)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、恐(kong)龍溝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、魔鬼(gui)城雅(ya)丹景(jing)(jing)區(qu)和石(shi)錢灘景(jing)(jing)區(qu)，是中國(guo)西北(bei)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)唯一(yi)以(yi)(yi)典型、稀有、珍貴的硅化(hua)木(mu)群、恐(kong)龍化(hua)石(shi)為主(zhu)體的國(guo)家地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)。

地質發現平(ping)原(yuan)區(qu)，而是(shi)湖(hu)泊邊緣，環(huan)(huan)境與氣候與現在大不相同(tong)。侏(zhu)(zhu)羅紀(ji)早期一中期，這里(li)河流縱橫，沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)發育，氣候溫(wen)暖潮(chao)濕(shi)，生長著茂密的(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)物，如(ru)(ru)松柏類，另外還有(you)(you)蕨類，為(wei)典型的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)煤環(huan)(huan)境，沉(chen)積河沼(zhao)相和河湖(hu)相的(de)(de)(de)灰色(se)(se)砂(sha)巖(yan)、泥(ni)巖(yan)和厚度較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)煤層。侏(zhu)(zhu)羅紀(ji)晚期，氣候開始(shi)向干(gan)旱(han)、干(gan)熱轉變并伴有(you)(you)季節性(xing)變化(hua)(hua)，沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)不再發育，植(zhi)物生長環(huan)(huan)境較(jiao)前期差(cha)一些，沉(chen)積形成了河湖(hu)相的(de)(de)(de)紫紅色(se)(se)含礫砂(sha)巖(yan)、砂(sha)巖(yan)夾(jia)灰黃色(se)(se)砂(sha)巖(yan)的(de)(de)(de)紅層，被埋藏的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)變成硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)而被保存下(xia)來(lai)。奇(qi)臺硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)形成于侏(zhu)(zhu)羅紀(ji)紅色(se)(se)砂(sha)泥(ni)巖(yan)中。現在，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)埋于地(di)(di)下(xia)厚約10米左右，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)露地(di)(di)表，分布范圍約為(wei)10多(duo)平(ping)方公里(li)，露于地(di)(di)表多(duo)達千余棵，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)直立，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)橫臥，還可(ke)見(jian)樹(shu)(shu)樁(zhuang)，深(shen)深(shen)插(cha)入巖(yan)層的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)根。地(di)(di)表到處是(shi)風(feng)化(hua)(hua)了的(de)(de)(de)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碎片。從(cong)外形上來(lai)看，硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)保持樹(shu)(shu)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)形，木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)紋及年輪清晰可(ke)辨，亦有(you)(you)著敦實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質感。但若用(yong)手(shou)一摸，卻又冷硬(ying)似鐵石(shi)一般。再撿起碎塊敲(qiao)(qiao)一敲(qiao)(qiao)，叮當悅(yue)耳，猶如(ru)(ru)金石(shi)聲，可(ke)謂是(shi)“硬(ying)如(ru)(ru)鐵，聲如(ru)(ru)磬”，令人嘖嘖稱(cheng)奇(qi)。硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俗稱(cheng)“石(shi)樹(shu)(shu)”，是(shi)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一類。當樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)被沉(chen)積物掩埋后．地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)中所含二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硅與樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進行分子(zi)間的(de)(de)(de)等速置換，直到木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質組(zu)份(fen)被二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硅取代，從(cong)而形成完(wan)整保留樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。

地質景點

硅(gui)化木(mu)群一(yi)日游(you)自奇(qi)臺(tai)縣(xian)沿縣(xian)城(cheng)一(yi)西地(di)(di)—旱溝的(de)(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)道向東北(bei)行約60km，可達地(di)(di)質公園南(nan)部芨芨湖入口處，沿228省道至硅(gui)化木(mu)園，沿途可領略將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)袤(mao)，參觀將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)廟遺(yi)址，了(le)解將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁名稱(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由來。在(zai)硅(gui)化木(mu)景區(qu)，游(you)亞(ya)洲最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)化木(mu)群：在(zai)恐(kong)(kong)龍溝景區(qu)實地(di)(di)參觀恐(kong)(kong)龍化石采(cai)坑(keng)了(le)解現已絕滅的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍在(zai)侏羅(luo)紀曾(ceng)怎樣生活在(zai)地(di)(di)球 上，最(zui)后或直接回奇(qi)臺(tai)，或沿228省道向北(bei)至喀納斯景區(qu)。