舊址介紹
該舊址建于1877年,原為恩隆(long)縣(今田東縣)平(ping)馬經正(zheng)書院(yuan),辛亥革命后(hou)改為經正(zheng)學堂。第二次國(guo)內革命戰(zhan)爭(zheng)時(shi)期為右江工農民主政府所在地,現(xian)是廣西規模最(zui)大、保(bao)存最(zui)完(wan)整的古書院(yuan)之一(yi)。
舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)為磚木結構、青(qing)灰瓦頂、四合院式(shi)(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)軸對稱,大廳(ting)3間(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)為通道(dao),兩旁學舍各(ge)5間(jian),講堂3間(jian)。1963年(nian)國家撥專(zhuan)款按(an)原(yuan)貌(mao)進行(xing)修繕。復原(yuan)后面積(ji)(ji)為7336.25平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),其中(zhong)(zhong)建筑面積(ji)(ji) 3290.72平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。1977年(nian)8月(yue)17日,鄧(deng)小平(ping)同(tong)志給舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)題名為“右(you)江(jiang)工農(nong)民主政(zheng)府舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)”。1978年(nian)正式(shi)(shi)對外開放。現館藏文物600余(yu)件,其中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)乏珍(zhen)貴文物,如(ru)鄧(deng)小平(ping)當(dang)年(nian)使(shi)用過的(de)(de)馬(ma)鞭(bian)、戴過的(de)(de)斗笠 ,1926年(nian)恩隆(long)縣上田里塘(tang)喜鄉(xiang)農(nong)民協會(hui)的(de)(de)園木印、隆(long)安縣守望區百(bai)馱鄉(xiang)農(nong)民協會(hui)的(de)(de)犁頭旗(qi),右(you)江(jiang)蘇維埃政(zheng)府頒(ban)發的(de)(de)至(zhi)今(jin)保存下來(lai)的(de)(de)唯一一張(zhang)結婚證書。舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)按(an)原(yuan)樣保留政(zheng)府和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)右(you)江(jiang)工委的(de)(de)會(hui)議廳(ting),赤衛(wei)(wei)隊(dui)和(he)警衛(wei)(wei)隊(dui)排營房(fang),鄧(deng)小平(ping)、雷經(jing)天、陳洪濤同(tong)志的(de)(de)住室等;另(ling)辟輔助陳列四個室140平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),按(an)時間(jian)順序(xu)分別以圖畫(hua)、照片、文字(zi)、實物等形式(shi)(shi),介紹紅七軍和(he)右(you)江(jiang)蘇維埃政(zheng)府的(de)(de)革命史跡(ji)。
1977年(nian)8月17日,鄧小(xiao)平(ping)(ping)為(wei)舊址(zhi)題(ti)寫址(zhi)名:“右(you)江工(gong)農民主政(zheng)府舊址(zhi)”。1995年(nian)12月被(bei)命名為(wei)廣(guang)西(xi)壯族(zu)自治區愛(ai)國(guo)主義教育基地。1996年(nian)被(bei)定為(wei)全國(guo)重點(dian)文保護單位。現在,此舊址(zhi)內布置(zhi)著有關當(dang)時(shi)革(ge)命運動的(de)(de)展覽分(fen)(fen)兩(liang)部(bu)分(fen)(fen):一為(wei)右(you)江工(gong)農民主政(zheng)府部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(陳(chen)列(lie)面積(ji)6843平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)),包(bao)括(kuo)右(you)江蘇維埃政(zheng)府和中(zhong)共右(you)江特委的(de)(de)會議(yi)廳、政(zheng)府主席雷經天(tian)、肅(su)反委員陳(chen)洪濤的(de)(de)住處和赤(chi)衛隊的(de)(de)營房(fang)等;二為(wei)輔助(zhu)陳(chen)列(lie)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(陳(chen)列(lie)面積(ji)140平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)),按時(shi)間順序分(fen)(fen)別以繪畫、照片、文字、實物(wu)等形式介紹田東各(ge)個歷史時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)革(ge)命斗爭。
1929年(nian)10月28日經(jing)過周密部(bu)署,由鄧小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)(ping)、張云(yun)逸、雷經(jing)天(tian)等(deng)(deng)指揮的(de)(de)農(nong)軍(jun)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)警(jing)備大(da)隊(dui)(dui),沖(chong)進駐(zhu)(zhu)扎在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)東(dong)縣(xian)城內的(de)(de)敵軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)司令部(bu),與敵人展開(kai)激戰,全殲了(le)駐(zhu)(zhu)扎在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)東(dong)的(de)(de)敵第(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)大(da)隊(dui)(dui)和地(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)武(wu)裝。暴動取得勝利后,鄧小(xiao)(xiao)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)前往百(bai)色籌備百(bai)色起(qi)義,雷經(jing)天(tian)等(deng)(deng)留在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)東(dong)籌備建立(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)。1929年(nian)12月11日也就(jiu)是百(bai)色起(qi)義的(de)(de)當天(tian),右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)兵第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)次代(dai)(dai)表大(da)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)馬鎮(zhen)經(jing)正書院(yuan)的(de)(de)會(hui)(hui)議大(da)廳(ting)召開(kai)。出(chu)席大(da)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)有百(bai)色等(deng)(deng)五個(ge)(ge)(ge)城鎮(zhen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人代(dai)(dai)表和11個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)農(nong)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)代(dai)(dai)表及紅七軍(jun)士兵委員會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)士兵共(gong)80多(duo)人,大(da)會(hui)(hui)決定建立(li)(li)右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu),選(xuan)舉(ju)雷經(jing)天(tian)、韋(wei)拔群、陳洪濤等(deng)(deng)13人為(wei)右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)委員,雷經(jing)天(tian)當選(xuan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席。大(da)會(hui)(hui)一(yi)致(zhi)擁護紅七軍(jun)目(mu)前實(shi)施政(zheng)綱,并作(zuo)出(chu)了(le)發展右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇維埃(ai)運動、擴(kuo)大(da)紅七軍(jun)、建立(li)(li)右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)赤(chi)衛(wei)軍(jun)、實(shi)行土地(di)革命等(deng)(deng)決議。當時右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇維政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)辦公地(di)點就(jiu)設在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)所書院(yuan)里。右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)宣告成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)后,中(zhong)共(gong)右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)特委在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)馬鎮(zhen)北廣(guang)場召開(kai)慶祝大(da)會(hui)(hui),慶祝右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)和中(zhong)國工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)紅軍(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)七軍(jun)的(de)(de)誕生。新生的(de)(de)右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu),轄(xia)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian),共(gong)100多(duo)萬人口,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)當時全國矚目(mu)的(de)(de)革命根據地(di)之(zhi)一(yi),經(jing)正書院(yuan)遂(sui)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)領導右(you)(you)(you)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)縣(xian)的(de)(de)指揮中(zhong)心。