米倉山國家森林公園是川東北、陜南地區最重要的生態旅游明珠、地質博物館和生物基因庫,森林覆蓋率為97.3%,有“天然氧吧”的美譽。公園內山奇水秀(xiu),環境(jing)優美,風光迷人(ren),既有(you)蔚為壯觀(guan)(guan)的(de)峰叢石林,又有(you)險峻無比的(de)巖(yan)崖景觀(guan)(guan),幽深神(shen)秘的(de)巖(yan)溶洞穴,融(rong)黃山之(zhi)(zhi)美、武陵之(zhi)(zhi)怪、峨眉之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu)、青城之(zhi)(zhi)幽、劍(jian)門之(zhi)(zhi)雄于一體,春賞山花,夏看(kan)山水,秋(qiu)觀(guan)(guan)紅葉(xie),冬詠(yong)霧凇,四季美景不(bu)斷,令人(ren)心曠(kuang)神(shen)怡(yi),流連忘返。秋天是公(gong)園最美的季(ji)節,觀葉(xie)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)楓類(lei)、槭類(lei)、水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)、椴樹(shu)、樺(hua)木、楊樹(shu)等(deng),僅水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)的分(fen)布(bu)(bu)面(mian)積就(jiu)約4000公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)為山毛櫸科,水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬(shu),全世界目分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有(you)10-14種(zhong)(zhong),亞洲7種(zhong)(zhong),中國5-6種(zhong)(zhong),而米(mi)倉(cang)山分(fen)布(bu)(bu)就(jiu)有(you)4種(zhong)(zhong),是地球上水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬(shu)植物起(qi)源地和(he)現代(dai)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)中心之一,更(geng)是世界上水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)最集中、面(mian)積最大的地區(qu)。落(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林面(mian)積約30000公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。其中牟陽(yang)故城的(de)黑(hei)熊(xiong)溝、大小(xiao)蘭(lan)溝、珍稀植物園景色獨特,還生長著3萬畝珍稀樹種巴山水青岡(gang),棲(qi)息著黑(hei)熊(xiong)、云豹等(deng)20多種珍稀動物。日(ri)出、晚霞、月華、云海、冰(bing)雪、流嵐等(deng)也是不可錯(cuo)過的(de)天象景觀。
黑熊溝(gou)(gou)(映(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)溪)位于牟陽城景區(qu)東部,長10余公(gong)里(li),海拔1600米,距大壩林場(chang)場(chang)部約4.5公(gong)里(li),北至香(xiang)爐(lu)山15公(gong)里(li),東到諾水(shui)(shui)河(he)風景區(qu)約 60公(gong)里(li)。黑熊溝(gou)(gou)發源于有“小峨嵋”之稱的(de)香(xiang)爐(lu)山,是焦家河(he)主要的(de)上游(you)支(zhi)流-映(ying)(ying)水(shui)(shui)溪。溝(gou)(gou)內水(shui)(shui)量豐沛,水(shui)(shui)質優良(liang)。河(he)床整體(ti)由花崗(gang)巖構成,奇石(shi)密(mi)布。兩(liang)岸山體(ti)構造奇特,巖洞叢生,長十數公(gong)里(li)。
光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)南江的(de)特(te)色(se)。有(you)五大(da)特(te)點:一(yi)是(shi)面積大(da)。米倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)景區(qu)有(you)401.6平方公(gong)里的(de)面積,其中(zhong)就有(you)300多平方公(gong)里集中(zhong)連片的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)景觀。二(er)是(shi)色(se)彩豐。一(yi)般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)為(wei)主,而光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(米倉(cang)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan))的(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏色(se)呈梯(ti)次變化(hua),以(yi)藍(lan)、綠、黃(huang)、橙(cheng)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)為(wei)主。三是(shi)周期長。觀賞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時間為(wei)每年的(de)10月(yue)中(zhong)旬至11月(yue)底,長達一(yi)個多月(yue)之久,第一(yi)個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)五彩斑斕,第二(er)個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)層林盡(jin)染,第三個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)萬葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)飄丹。四(si)是(shi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)多。光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)屬(shu)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)喬木(mu)(mu)(mu),有(you)水(shui)青岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、楓(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、椴樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、稠李類(lei)(lei)(lei)、漆樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、槭(qi)(qi)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、樺木(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、楊樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、松樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)檫木(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等20余類(lei)(lei)(lei),還有(you)薔薇(wei)科類(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)四(si)照花類(lei)(lei)(lei)等植物(wu),共有(you)40多種(zhong)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)手掌(zhang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(如(ru)三角(jiao)楓(feng)(feng)、八角(jiao)楓(feng)(feng)),雞(ji)爪形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)雞(ji)爪槭(qi)(qi))、五星(xing)形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)五角(jiao)楓(feng)(feng))、羽毛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(如(ru)鹽膚木(mu)(mu)(mu)等)、心臟形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)青榨槭(qi)(qi))、船形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)稠李類(lei)(lei)(lei))、卵形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)水(shui)青岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei))、豆瓣形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)栓(shuan)翅衛矛類(lei)(lei)(lei))、橢圓形(xing)(xing)(四(si)照花類(lei)(lei)(lei))、針形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松)、扇形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)銀杏)、鴨(ya)掌(zhang)形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)檫木(mu)(mu)(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei))等20多種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏色(se)有(you)火紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、血紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、酒(jiu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、褚紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、鐵紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫(mei)瑰(gui)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、金(jin)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等10多種(zhong)顏色(se)。五是(shi)品(pin)位(wei)高(gao)。先后曾有(you)英(ying)國(guo)、德國(guo)、法國(guo)、加拿大(da)和(he)美國(guo)的(de)植物(wu)專家(jia)(jia)考察后,把(ba)光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)景區(qu)稱為(wei)“金(jin)區(qu)”,把(ba)光(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)稱為(wei)“金(jin)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)”。
大小蘭(lan)溝(gou)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區,位于米倉山國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公(gong)園之中。1999年1月,經四川省人民政府批(pi)準(zhun)為(wei)省級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區。總(zong)面(mian)積6932公(gong)頃(其中核心區面(mian)積1571公(gong)頃),占(zhan)米倉山國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公(gong)園總(zong)面(mian)積的17.3%。活(huo)立(li)木總(zong)蓄積為(wei)52.84萬立(li)方米。屬于暖溫帶(dai)森(sen)(sen)林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區。大小蘭(lan)溝(gou)的落(luo)(luo)葉闊(kuo)葉混交(jiao)林植被、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)群(qun)落(luo)(luo)結構、自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境均保存完(wan)好。特別是(shi)野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類繁多,有野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類2000余種(zhong),生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)多樣性和(he)(he)(he)遺傳品系多樣性非常(chang)明顯,被譽為(wei)“森(sen)(sen)林百寶箱”、“生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)萬花(hua)筒”和(he)(he)(he)“珍稀物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)種(zhong)質基因(yin)庫”。
牟陽城景區位于森林公園東部,地處米倉山南麓的腹心地帶,屬于大壩林場。景(jing)區林海茫茫,賞萬頃紅(hong)葉,觀珍(zhen)稀植物;空中飛渡連理峰,水上漂(piao)流焦家(jia)河,大觀川北峨嵋香爐山;訪紅(hong)軍(jun)故里,游米倉古(gu)道,尋(xun)三國文化。
香(xiang)爐(lu)山(shan)為牟陽故城景區(qu)的(de)最高峰,海拔2330米,系川陜兩省(sheng)的(de)界山(shan)之(zhi)一,距南江縣大(da)壩(ba)林場(chang)場(chang)部(bu)約19公里。四道龍脊(ji)山(shan)嶺由主峰向四周延伸,山(shan)峰險峻突兀,高聳(song)層疊,眾(zhong)山(shan)環抱,渾然一體,山(shan)峰之(zhi)間時(shi)有云霧繚繞,云霧山(shan)嵐冉冉升騰,遠望酷似一座巨(ju)型(xing)香(xiang)爐(lu),故名香(xiang)爐(lu)山(shan)。
1、南從(cong)西漢高(gao)速到(dao)漢中,南從(cong)重慶(qing)、成都經巴中,再轉101省(sheng)道(dao)可到(dao)達。
2、北從西漢高速到(dao)漢中,南(nan)從重慶、成都經(jing)巴中,再轉101省道可到(dao)達(da)。
米(mi)倉(cang)山國家森林公園(yuan)位(wei)于四川盆地(di)(di)東北(bei)(bei)邊緣的南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江縣(xian)北(bei)(bei)部,地(di)(di)處秦(qin)巴山區(qu)(秦(qin)嶺-大巴山)的米(mi)倉(cang)山南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)麓。東、北(bei)(bei)與(yu)陜西(xi)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)鄭縣(xian)相(xiang)鄰,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)抵南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)江縣(xian)沙壩(ba)(ba)鄉(xiang)、關壩(ba)(ba)鄉(xiang)、寨(zhai)坡鄉(xiang)和楊(yang)壩(ba)(ba)鎮,西(xi)靠廣(guang)元(yuan)市(shi)旺蒼縣(xian),同光霧(wu)山國家風景名勝(sheng)區(qu)相(xiang)鄰。北(bei)(bei)距漢中市(shi)約(yue)(yue)70公里(li)(經(jing)(jing)鐵爐壩(ba)(ba)山門),南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)距巴中市(shi)約(yue)(yue)136公里(li)(經(jing)(jing)陳家山),西(xi)距廣(guang)元(yuan)市(shi)約(yue)(yue)216公里(li)(經(jing)(jing)陳家山)。地(di)(di)理坐標為東經(jing)(jing)106o38’50”~107o05’56”,北(bei)(bei)緯32o31’12”~32o44’29”。
米(mi)倉山地處中國(guo)大陸南北地理和氣(qi)候(hou)以及生態的(de)(de)過渡帶(dai),受東南季(ji)風和西南季(ji)風的(de)(de)雙重影響(xiang),氣(qi)候(hou)溫和濕(shi)潤,四(si)季(ji)分明,屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區域,年降水(shui)量(liang)多(duo)達1200毫米(mi)以上,年平均氣(qi)溫約15°C左右。
米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)多(duo)數山(shan)體為(wei)圓錐(zhui)狀的(de)(de)石灰巖(yan)和(he)白(bai)(bai)云巖(yan)峰叢(cong)地(di)貌景(jing)觀,峰叢(cong)多(duo)發育在(zai)山(shan)脈之上,而(er)貴(gui)州、廣西的(de)(de)峰叢(cong)則主要生長在(zai)盆(pen)地(di)之中。構(gou)成(cheng)米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)巖(yan)層主體的(de)(de)是(shi)花崗巖(yan)、變質砂巖(yan)、石灰巖(yan)和(he)白(bai)(bai)云巖(yan)。米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)主峰光霧(wu)山(shan)海(hai)拔2507米(mi),峰體渾圓,是(shi)花崗巖(yan)球(qiu)狀風(feng)化、寒凍(dong)風(feng)化結果造成(cheng)。
米(mi)倉山自然保護(hu)區有種(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)134科(ke)554屬(shu)1300種(zhong),其中蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)25科(ke)46屬(shu)124種(zhong);裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科(ke)11屬(shu)17種(zhong);被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)129科(ke)543屬(shu)1200余(yu)種(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科(ke)占全國(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科(ke)的55.24%,屬(shu)占全國(guo)(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)的29.86%,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特有屬(shu)和東亞(ya)特有屬(shu)97個(ge),占總叔(shu)叔(shu)屬(shu)數(shu)19.28%。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)重點保護(hu)野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)紅豆(dou)杉、南(nan)方紅豆(dou)杉2種(zhong),屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)重點保護(hu)的野生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有水(shui)青(qing)書、連(lian)香樹(shu)、巴山榧(fei)、香果樹(shu)等(deng)10種(zhong)。還蘊(yun)藏有豐富(fu)的中藥(yao)材資源,可直接利(li)用的藥(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)主要有黨參、泡(pao)參、天麻、桔梗、柴胡、半夏、杜仲、黃(huang)柏、五味子(zi)(zi)、南(nan)五味子(zi)(zi)、淫羊藿等(deng)多種(zhong)。
米倉山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)公園內獨(du)特的(de)地形地貌和優(you)越的(de)自然(ran)生境條件,大面積(ji)保(bao)存完好(hao)的(de)原(yuan)始森林(lin),為(wei)野(ye)生動物提供了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)棲(qi)息環(huan)境。據(ju)統計(ji),保(bao)護區內有(you)魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)1目2科(ke)7屬(shu)8種,其中(zhong)有(you)中(zhong)國(guo)魚類(lei)(lei)(lei)新種——巴山(shan)(shan)高原(yuan)鰍。兩棲(qi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)2目5科(ke)7屬(shu)19種、爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)(lei)3目5科(ke)15屬(shu)19種、鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)13目37科(ke)81屬(shu)125種占、哺乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)(lei)7目23科(ke)47屬(shu)66種,屬(shu)于國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)護的(de)野(ye)生動物有(you)豹、云豹、林(lin)麝、羚(ling)羊、金雕等五種;屬(shu)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護的(de)野(ye)生動物有(you)獼猴、黑熊、紅腹角雉、斑羚(ling)、大鯢等24種。