鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕(shi)地(di)公園包含烏金汊景(jing)區,白沙洲(zhou)景(jing)區和大草(cao)原景(jing)區。濕(shi)地(di)資源(yuan)類型眾(zhong)多,極(ji)具代表(biao)性。薈萃(cui)可鄱(po)陽(yang)湖水,鳥,草(cao),魚等自(zi)然精華。
鄱陽湖四季美景交替,日月輪轉,湖上美景各不相同,白看不厭。豐水季節煙波浩淼,氣勢磅礴,枯水季節水落灘出,蘆荻飛舞,每年11月至次年4月,世界98%的珍惜候鳥種群會相繼來此越冬,繁衍生息,場景蔚為壯觀。在鄱(po)陽湖國(guo)家濕地(di)公(gong)園,游客可以(yi)暢游美(mei)麗湖泊,盡享水上激情,遨游湖底(di)草原,觀賞候鳥奇觀,品嘗(chang)特(te)色湖鮮,體驗湖泊文明,忘記都市喧囂(xiao),做回大(da)自然的孩子。
鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)縣人民與鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)結下了不解之緣,老百姓的(de)(de)血管里(li)面(mian)都浸透(tou)了鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)歷(li)史和文(wen)化。百萬鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)人民長期以(yi)來(lai)撒網打漁,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)生;筑屋湖(hu)(hu)濱,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)家;退田還湖(hu)(hu),以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)友;在(zai)抗(kang)洪搶(qiang)險當(dang)中,以(yi)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)敵。在(zai)千百年的(de)(de)航(hang)運(yun)史上(shang),鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)的(de)(de)興衰(shuai)與鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)息息相關,有血有淚也有笑。在(zai)水運(yun)非常繁榮的(de)(de)時(shi)候,鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)富甲天下,可(ke)以(yi)說是(shi)江南(nan)富饒(rao)(rao)的(de)(de)縣之一,饒(rao)(rao)州就(jiu)是(shi)富饒(rao)(rao)之州。但隨著公路(lu)(lu)、鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)興起,水運(yun)的(de)(de)衰(shuai)落,鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)經過(guo)了陣痛,失去(qu)了原來(lai)的(de)(de)區位優(you)勢。在(zai)鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)興衰(shuai)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)當(dang)中,逐漸形成了四種文(wen)化,成為(wei)了鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)文(wen)化典型的(de)(de)代表。
景區先后(hou)被評為(wei):國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)濕(shi)地公園、國(guo)家(jia)4A級(ji)景區、江西省新旅游(you)景區、江西省先進旅游(you)景區、長江濕(shi)地保護網(wang)絡自(zi)然學校、全國(guo)科普教育示(shi)(shi)(shi)范基(ji)地、全球生命湖泊(bo)佳保護實踐獎、國(guo)家(jia)重點建設濕(shi)地公園、國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)生態(tai)旅游(you)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區、國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)休閑漁業示(shi)(shi)(shi)范基(ji)地、全國(guo)濕(shi)地旅游(you)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范區、美(mei)麗(li)中國(guo)·魅力濕(shi)地特別關注獎等榮譽稱號。
是(shi)內珠湖較高的(de)一(yi)座(zuo)山(shan)峰(feng),海拔83米(mi),398個臺階。因其非常像農民(min)、漁(yu)夫勞作時戴在頭上(shang)的(de)斗(dou)笠而得名。
高三十米,用全銅打造。饒(rao)娥為(wei)鄱(po)陽人(ren),是中國古代(dai)十二大(da)烈女當中的(de)孝女。后(hou)人(ren)敬稱饒(rao)娥為(wei)“鄱(po)湖女神”。
是一條延綿五六公里的山脈,因其(qi)整體(ti)像一條張嘴大(da)吼的龍(long)二得(de)名。陳友諒與朱(zhu)元璋大(da)戰鄱陽湖時,朱(zhu)元璋的軍隊就駐扎在此地。龍(long)吼山山上有(you)個(ge)洪門(men)城堡的遺(yi)址,為淮王朱(zhu)瞻墺所建。
也被稱為黃溪山。黃溪山原來(lai)有一座(zuo)廟(miao),供奉(feng)南(nan)海觀(guan)世(shi)音(yin)菩薩,四季香火旺盛(sheng)。和尚在山上栽種了很多(duo)果樹。1036年,范仲(zhong)淹貶任饒州知(zhi)州,慕名來(lai)到這里。如今的(de)黃溪山是鳥(niao)的(de)天堂,鳥(niao)的(de)樂園。鳥(niao)島上共(gong)有30余(yu)種鳥(niao)類,尤其(qi)以鷺(lu)鳥(niao)較多(duo)。據觀(guan)察,僅鷺(lu)鳥(niao)就有9種。他們是小白(bai)鷺(lu)、中白(bai)鷺(lu)、大白(bai)鷺(lu)、夜(ye)鷺(lu)、池鷺(lu)、蒼(cang)鷺(lu)、草鷺(lu)、牛背鷺(lu)、白(bai)琵鷺(lu)。
依畔水生(sheng)植物園,自然(ran)生(sheng)存在濕(shi)地環境(jing)中(zhong)。包括(kuo)丹頂鶴(he)4只、東方白(bai)鸛2只、白(bai)鶴(he)1只、灰鶴(he)4只、蓑羽鶴(he)80只。鶴(he)的自然(ran)壽命(ming)很(hen)長,可以(yi)活到50、60歲(sui),是(shi)長壽動(dong)物。訓練(lian)的鶴(he)可以(yi)表演舞蹈,給(gei)人按(an)摩。CCTV在多(duo)次(ci)來此錄(lu)制節目。
是(shi)鄱陽湖國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公園重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分,也(ye)是(shi)中國(guo)唯一的濕(shi)地科學(xue)館(guan)。整個(ge)建(jian)筑共分兩層,建(jian)筑總面積為(wei)3300平方米(mi),展覽面積1800平方米(mi) 。
在天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)湖(hu)(hu)中人(ren)工馴養候(hou)鳥(niao)包括丹頂鶴、東方白鸛、蓑羽鶴、大白天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)、灰(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)等,豐富了鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)珍稀候(hou)鳥(niao)種群(qun),完善(shan)鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態資源(yuan)結構(gou),也(ye)為(wei)珍稀動物研(yan)究提供(gong)物種資源(yuan),并為(wei)科普教育提供(gong)了真實案例。所有珍禽在天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)湖(hu)(hu)中常年生(sheng)活和表演(yan),并繁(fan)育后代,進一(yi)步恢復鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)濕地鳥(niao)類種群(qun)結構(gou)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)繁(fan)育及領養也(ye)是該項目的一(yi)大特色。2011年4月在孵化(hua)樓孵人(ren)工化(hua)出(chu)鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)國家(jia)濕地公園(yuan)第一(yi)批候(hou)鳥(niao)——24只(zhi)灰(hui)天(tian)(tian)(tian)鵝(e)。
是半潛式玻璃(li)欄桿結(jie)構,人在(zai)水下走(zou),魚(yu)在(zai)水中游,零距離體驗鄱(po)陽湖魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)多樣性。
站在觀湖(hu)平(ping)臺(tai)上觀看鄱陽湖(hu)國(guo)家濕地公園(yuan),共100平(ping)方公里。
生態環境良好,夏天晚上沒有蚊子。村子里面有一座保存完好明代寺廟永青殿,距今有四百年的歷史。里面供奉的是(shi)湖神萬法(fa)祖(zu)師,當地的漁民捕魚前都會祭(ji)祀萬法(fa)祖(zu)師,保佑(you)自(zi)己平安(an)歸來。
又被稱為“鄱陽(yang)湖草海”。傳說(shuo)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)原先(xian)是一(yi)個幾(ji)十戶人家的(de)小村(cun)(cun)莊,因洲(zhou)上(shang)土壤肥沃,村(cun)(cun)子的(de)四周種了很(hen)多(duo)芝(zhi)麻,家家都有(you)磨香油(you)的(de)油(you)坊,因此得名(ming)香油(you)洲(zhou)。另一(yi)種說(shuo)法是,豐水(shui)期(qi)時,這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)的(de)草被肥沃的(de)淤泥淹(yan)沒了,等枯水(shui)期(qi)時,草慢(man)慢(man)發芽(ya)生(sheng)長(chang),有(you)的(de)草高可(ke)達1.5米,在陽(yang)光的(de)照(zhao)射下,熠熠發光,上(shang)面(mian)就(jiu)像浮了一(yi)層油(you),并(bing)伴有(you)濃郁(yu)的(de)清(qing)香味,因此就(jiu)叫香油(you)洲(zhou)。
90元(大門(men)票+內湖船票)
飛機:
南昌(chang)/九(jiu)江/上饒(rao)機(ji)場——城市長(chang)途客車——鄱陽(yang)縣——乘坐旅游大(da)巴(ba)——鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園景區
火車:
九(jiu)江(jiang)站(zhan)——城(cheng)市(shi)長途(tu)客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)——鄱(po)陽(yang)(yang)縣——鄱(po)陽(yang)(yang)湖國家(jia)濕地(di)公園
高鐵:
田畈街站——鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)國家濕地公園(yuan)
自駕:
1、南昌出發:
從南昌(chang)(chang)市出發(fa)——沿昌(chang)(chang)東南樞紐朝鷹潭(tan)方向行(xing)駛——德昌(chang)(chang)高(gao)速——鄱(po)陽(yang)珠(zhu)湖收(shou)費站出口——經鄱(po)陽(yang)縣城(cheng)——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕地(di)公園烏金汊游(you)客服務(wu)中(zhong)心。
2、上饒市或鷹潭(tan)出發:
沿鷹潭(tan)樞(shu)紐——景(jing)鷹高速——鄱陽蘆(lu)田出口——經鄱陽縣城(cheng)——鄱陽湖國家濕地公園烏金汊游(you)客服務中心(xin)。
3、九江(jiang)市或景(jing)德鎮出(chu)發(fa):
沿杭瑞(rui)高速九景段——鄱(po)陽(yang)田畈街經鄱(po)陽(yang)縣城——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家(jia)濕地公園烏金汊(cha)游客(ke)服務中心。
縣內交通:
1、在縣城(cheng)內乘坐(zuo)出(chu)租車(che)到鄱(po)陽湖國家濕地(di)公(gong)園,車(che)程15分(fen)鐘,費用大概50元左右。
2、在縣城汽車站(zhan)乘坐(zuo)(zuo)團(tuan)林-鄱陽湖國家濕地公(gong)園中巴車,坐(zuo)(zuo)到終點(dian)站(zhan)下車即到。車程20分鐘左右,費用10元。
公園位于東(dong)南地(di)洼(wa)區贛(gan)桂地(di)洼(wa)系東(dong)北端。元古代(dai)起(qi)進入地(di)槽(cao)階段(duan)。震旦紀(ji)(ji)(ji)后(hou)期地(di)槽(cao)封閉為陸臺。志留紀(ji)(ji)(ji)至下泥(ni)盆紀(ji)(ji)(ji),形成(cheng)了北北東(dong)——南南西(xi)向褶皺狀山(shan)脈。石炭紀(ji)(ji)(ji)至二(er)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)下降(jiang)。二(er)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)末、三(san)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)初,海西(xi)運動(dong)發生。三(san)疊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)中,南部、中部下沉,形成(cheng)砂頁巖含(han)煤(mei)建造。侏羅(luo)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)末,發生燕山(shan)運動(dong),伴隨激烈(lie)的(de)(de)火成(cheng)巖活動(dong)。白堊紀(ji)(ji)(ji)開始,地(di)殼(ke)活動(dong)更加(jia)強烈(lie),西(xi)南部急速下降(jiang),末期燕山(shan)運動(dong)結束(shu),地(di)殼(ke)又急速上升(sheng),至第四(si)紀(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼(ke)活動(dong)以升(sheng)降(jiang)為主,湖濱及各支流堆積不(bu)等的(de)(de)沖積、淤(yu)積層。各期地(di)層,除古代(dai)部分缺失外(wai),均(jun)有出(chu)露。
公園(yuan)主(zhu)要由低(di)(di)山、丘陵和平(ping)原組(zu)成。西南角(jiao)低(di)(di),為(wei)鄱陽湖(hu)盆地。以高程和成因為(wei)主(zhu)要依(yi)據(ju),公園(yuan)地貌具體分為(wei)三(san)類:構造剝蝕低(di)(di)山丘陵區高程在(zai)100~200米(mi)之間,高峰(feng)為(wei)尖頂峰(feng),海(hai)拔124.8米(mi);侵(qin)蝕剝蝕壟崗區高程在(zai)50~100米(mi)之間,巖底有變質巖、沉積巖、紅色砂巖三(san)種(zhong);堆積平(ping)原高程在(zai)50米(mi)以下,包括河谷沖積平(ping)原、三(san)角(jiao)洲平(ping)原、淤積平(ping)原三(san)種(zhong)。
土壤質地:
公園屬于鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)盆地,是江(jiang)西(xi)第四系沉積中心(xin),以河流、湖(hu)泊(bo)相沉積為(wei)主,沉積物(wu)粒度總的趨勢(shi)是自下而上由粗變細。一般厚度變化規律是河谷向湖(hu)區增大,厚度約為(wei)30~40米(mi),在(zai)三角(jiao)洲前緣可達76米(mi)。區內基本(ben)為(wei)三角(jiao)洲平(ping)原,主要分布(bu)比較均一的壤土(tu)質地。
土壤類型與分布:
公園(yuan)內主要發育有5種土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型:紅壤(rang)(棕紅壤(rang))、水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)、黃褐土(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)和潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(濕潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)),其分布(bu)與高程(cheng)和微地形(xing)有關,由湖(hu)岸向湖(hu)心成(cheng)帶狀分異基礎上的鑲嵌(qian)分布(bu)。
公(gong)園地(di)處亞熱帶地(di)區,氣候溫和,雨量充沛,四(si)季分(fen)明,日照充足,無(wu)霜(shuang)期長(chang)。
(1)氣溫:年均(jun)氣溫16.9℃~17.7℃之間。七月份(fen)氣溫最高,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫29.6℃,極端最高氣溫39.7℃;一月份(fen)氣溫最低(di),平(ping)均(jun)氣溫5.0℃,極端最低(di)氣溫為(wei)-13.3℃。
(2)日照(zhao):濕地(di)(di)公園屬光資源豐富的地(di)(di)區(qu)。年(nian)平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數達2000小(xiao)時以上(shang),日照(zhao)百分率平(ping)均為(wei)40%以上(shang)。日照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)多月(yue)份(fen)為(wei)7~8月(yue),日照(zhao)最(zui)(zui)少月(yue)份(fen)為(wei)2~3月(yue),太陽輻(fu)射量年(nian)平(ping)均115.6千(qian)卡(ka)/平(ping)方厘米。
(3)風(feng)(feng)(feng):冬季(ji)受(shou)大(da)(da)陸高(gao)壓影響(xiang)(xiang),地面(mian)多為(wei)偏(pian)北風(feng)(feng)(feng)。夏季(ji)受(shou)副熱帶高(gao)壓控制,偶有臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)影響(xiang)(xiang),地面(mian)多偏(pian)南風(feng)(feng)(feng)。春秋為(wei)過渡(du)性季(ji)節,偏(pian)北風(feng)(feng)(feng)和偏(pian)南風(feng)(feng)(feng)可以(yi)互(hu)見(jian)(jian),但以(yi)東北風(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)主,西北風(feng)(feng)(feng)也時有可見(jian)(jian)。平均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)3.0米/秒(miao),最大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)為(wei)30米/秒(miao),各月風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)2.5~3.7米/秒(miao)。年平均大(da)(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)日數9.7日。
(4)降(jiang)雨(yu):降(jiang)雨(yu)受季(ji)風(feng)氣候的影響,夏(xia)季(ji)明(ming)顯多于冬季(ji)。年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)1600毫米。降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)年(nian)際(ji)變化大(da),降(jiang)水(shui)季(ji)節也差異很大(da)。年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)日為(wei)140.9天。
(5)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong):霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)有早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、晚霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong),10月到11月出現的霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)為早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong),3、4月出現的霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)為晚霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)。平均無霜(shuang)(shuang)期為274.5天(tian)
公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被具有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)豐富(fu)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理成分復(fu)雜多樣、廣布植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)繁多的(de)特點。據不完全統(tong)計,共有維(wei)管束濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)(shu)43科(ke)(ke),99屬(shu)(shu)。其(qi)中(zhong)蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)4科(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1科(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)38科(ke)(ke)92屬(shu)(shu)134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)菊科(ke)(ke)(Compositae)、禾本科(ke)(ke)(Gramineae)、莎草科(ke)(ke)(Cyperaceae)為優勢科(ke)(ke)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園內的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)分別占江(jiang)西(xi)省(sheng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)維(wei)管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)總(zong)科(ke)(ke)數(shu)、總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)數(shu)、總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)41.18%、34.74%、23.23%。在141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong),有浮(fu)水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),沉(chen)水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)94種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),浮(fu)水(shui)(shui)、沉(chen)水(shui)(shui)、挺(ting)水(shui)(shui)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)分別占濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)總(zong)數(shu)的(de)11.35%、8.51%、13.48%和66.66%。這些數(shu)據充分說明(ming)了鄱陽湖濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)豐富(fu)的(de)特點,也表明(ming)該(gai)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園所(suo)在區(qu)也是江(jiang)西(xi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系較(jiao)豐富(fu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)之一(yi)。
通過實地調查和原始資料(liao)的整理,在(zai)公園先后發現野生脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物共計(ji)249種,隸屬于33目77科,其種數(shu)(shu)為江西已知脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的29.0%。其中(zhong)列為國(guo)(guo)家一級重(zhong)點保護的野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物4種,國(guo)(guo)家二(er)級重(zhong)點保護的野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物17種,占江西省國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的24.4%;省級重(zhong)點保護動(dong)(dong)(dong)物63種,占總(zong)數(shu)(shu)的56.8%。
魚類:
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)有6目14科68種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)數占(zhan)江西(xi)已知魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)的(de)33.2%。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)中(zhong)以鯉科魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)為主,種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)約(yue)占(zhan)56.0%,經濟魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)約(yue)占(zhan)總種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)81.4%。如鯉、鯽(ji)、草魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、餐條、鳊、紅鰭鲌(ba)、鰱(lian)、鳙(yong)、黃(huang)尾鲴、翹嘴(zui)紅鲌(ba)、泥鰍、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、胡子鯰(nian)、烏鱧、鱖(gui)等(deng)。鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園內的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)從生態類(lei)型劃分,絕大多(duo)(duo)數屬廣(guang)布性緩水流魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)和靜水魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei),如鯉、鯽(ji)、鳊、魴、鰱(lian)、鳙(yong)等(deng)。以食(shi)性劃分,調查所獲的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)中(zhong),草食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)8.8%;雜食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)44種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)64.7%;肉(rou)食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)18種(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)26.5%,雜食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)占(zhan)大多(duo)(duo)數,草食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)所占(zhan)比例(li)較小,肉(rou)食(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)不僅(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)增(zeng)加,而且(qie)(qie)數量較以前增(zeng)多(duo)(duo)。有長吻(wen)鮠、鰻鱺(li)、暗(an)紋東(dong)方(fang)鲀、吻(wen)鰕虎(hu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為江西(xi)省重(zhong)點保護野(ye)生動物。經濟價值(zhi)較高而且(qie)(qie)產量較大的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)有青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、草魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鳙(yong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯽(ji)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、鯰(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)鱔、黃(huang)顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鱖(gui)、鰻鱺(li)等(deng)。
兩棲動物:
兩棲(qi)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)2目7科(ke)(ke)(ke)12種(zhong),其種(zhong)數為(wei)江西已知(zhi)兩棲(qi)動物(wu)(wu)的(de)30.8%。其中蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)種(zhong)類最多(duo)有(you)為(wei)1屬7種(zhong),約占(zhan)58.3%,鋤足蟾(chan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、蟾(chan)蜍科(ke)(ke)(ke)、樹蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)、雨蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)姬蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)(ke)均為(wei)1屬1種(zhong),各占(zhan)8.3%,無尾目共有(you)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬12種(zhong)。其中國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)兩棲(qi)動物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong),即虎紋蛙(wa)(wa)(wa),國家(jia)(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)有(you)益的(de)或者有(you)重要(yao)經濟、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學研究(jiu)價值(zhi)的(de)陸生(sheng)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)11種(zhong),即東方(fang)蠑螈(yuan)(yuan)、淡肩角(jiao)蟾(chan)、中華大(da)蟾(chan)蜍、日本林蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、黑斑蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、沼(zhao)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、澤(ze)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、金線蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、大(da)樹蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)、中國雨蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)和(he)飾紋姬蛙(wa)(wa)(wa);其中東方(fang)蠑螈(yuan)(yuan)、中華大(da)蟾(chan)蜍和(he)黑斑蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)還是江西省重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)。
爬行動物:
爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)2目(mu)8科24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)已知爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)30.4%。其中(zhong)龜鱉(bie)(bie)(bie)目(mu)2科2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括龜科1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及(ji)鱉(bie)(bie)(bie)科1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分別約(yue)占(zhan)該(gai)地爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)4.2%。有(you)鱗目(mu)6科19屬(shu)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)游蛇(she)(she)(she)科種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類最多,有(you)11屬(shu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)該(gai)地爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)54.2%;石龍子科3屬(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)12.5%;眼鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)(she)科和蝰科均(jun)為(wei)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)8.3%;壁虎科、蜥蜴科均(jun)為(wei)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)4.2%。所有(you)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)均(jun)已列入國家保護的(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)重(zhong)要經濟(ji)、科學研(yan)究價值(zhi)的(de)(de)陸生野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名錄。此(ci)外,中(zhong)華鱉(bie)(bie)(bie)、王錦蛇(she)(she)(she)、黑(hei)眉錦蛇(she)(she)(she)、灰鼠蛇(she)(she)(she)、烏(wu)梢蛇(she)(she)(she)、銀(yin)環蛇(she)(she)(she)、舟山眼鏡(jing)蛇(she)(she)(she)還被列為(wei)江(jiang)西(xi)(xi)省重(zhong)點保護野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。
哺乳動物:
哺乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)6目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數為(wei)江西已知哺乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)12.4%。其中(zhong)食(shi)蟲目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(猬科(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)當地(di)哺乳(ru)(ru)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總數的(de)(de)7.7%;兔(tu)形(xing)目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(兔(tu)科(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)7.7%;翼手(shou)目(mu)(蝙蝠(fu)科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)15.4%;嚙齒目(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),包括松(song)(song)鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)7.7%,鼠科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)38.5%;食(shi)肉目(mu)(鼬科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)15.4%;偶蹄(ti)目(mu)(豬科(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)7.7%。其中(zhong)黃鼬、被列為(wei)瀕危野生(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)國際貿(mao)易公(gong)約(yue)附(fu)錄(lu)三保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)重要經(jing)濟、科(ke)(ke)(ke)學研究價值的(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即華南兔(tu)、隱(yin)紋花松(song)(song)鼠、黃鼬、鼬獾、野豬;其中(zhong)黃鼬、鼬獾還被列為(wei)江西省重點保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。
公園有鳥類17目41科86屬132種,其種數為江西已知鳥(niao)類的30.6%。其中鸊鷉目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該地鳥(niao)類總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的1.5%;鵜(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;鸛形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.3%;雁(yan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13.6%;隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.5%;雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;鶴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.3%;鴴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.6%;鷗形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.3%;鴿(ge)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.5%;鵑形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;鸮形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;夜鷹目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;雨燕目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;佛法僧目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;鴷形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.5%;雀形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)17科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)36.4%。
國(guo)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)、國(guo)家(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)16種(zhong)(zhong)、國(guo)家(jia)“三有(you)(you)”保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)83種(zhong)(zhong);省(sheng)級(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)63種(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)際貿(mao)易(yi)公約保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)。鄱(po)陽湖(hu)國(guo)家(jia)濕地公園有(you)(you)不少中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)與日本(ben)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)與澳(ao)大利亞共(gong)同保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)候鳥(niao),列(lie)入中(zhong)(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定(ding)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)55種(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入中(zhong)(zhong)澳(ao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)協定(ding)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)14種(zhong)(zhong)。這里聚集了(le)世界上98%的(de)(de)濕地候鳥(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)群,一(yi)(yi)到(dao)冬天98%的(de)(de)白(bai)鶴與數十萬的(de)(de)天鵝會選擇到(dao)鄱(po)陽湖(hu)越冬
白糖糕:一圈(quan)圈(quan)的糕顏色(se)呈半透明晶瑩的白、口(kou)感酥松而且(qie)軟糯,上面放的卻不(bu)是(shi)白糖,白糖是(shi)和在粉里面的。
螺螄:任何大排檔必備。
煎餅:煎餅的味道有點像油條(tiao),有韭(jiu)菜豆干餡和蘿卜絲餡。
米餃子:餃子的特點是(shi)皮薄餡嫩,味道鮮美,形狀獨特。
米粉:有(you)煮(zhu)粉(fen)、炒粉(fen)、拌粉(fen)等,各有(you)各的特色(se)及風(feng)味(wei)。
油炸粑:一個面(mian)盆(pen),面(mian)盆(pen)里是(shi)米粉(fen)糊。往往還會(hui)配上韭菜餡(xian)的(de)餃(jiao)子一起賣。
春鲇:鲇魚因有涎遍(bian)布(bu)全(quan)身,腥滑粘膩(ni)而得名。做為底層(ceng)魚類,喜性葷食,常棲(qi)深(shen)水污泥(ni)之中。
夏鯉:鯉(li)為廣食性魚類。鯉(li)為吉祥(xiang)的象(xiang)征,“鯉(li)魚跳龍門”,使鯉(li)在人們眼中有著升(sheng)騰的隱喻,年節婚慶,紅白(bai)喜事,都喜歡以鯉(li)魚入席。
秋鱖:在一些地區,因(yin)為唐人張志和(he)"桃花流水鱖魚肥"的(de)詩而有了歧(qi)誤(wu),認(ren)為鱖魚是春時的(de)寵食(shi)。而積(ji)累幾(ji)千(qian)年食(shi)魚歷史的(de)鄱陽(yang)人,根(gen)據魚的(de)生長習(xi)性斷言,此魚秋天吃食(shi)是最佳(jia)季節。
冬鳊:鳊魚的正(zheng)名(ming)叫魴,肉嫩味美,有(you)調(diao)胃(wei)氣,利(li)五臟,去胃(wei)風、消谷(gu)的功效(xiao),有(you)益于人體在冬天的養(yang)護(hu)。
銀魚:古稱膾殘魚,又名白小。鄱陽銀魚肉質細嫩,味道鮮美。而(er)“繡花針”肥度不(bu)夠,干癟味淡;“面條”肉老筋硬(ying),入口不(bu)適(shi)。銀魚是極富鈣(gai)質的魚類(lei),營(ying)養學(xue)家將它列(lie)為長壽食品。
鰻鱺:又稱白(bai)鱔,簡稱鰻,洄游(you)性魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)。此魚(yu)(yu)在秋(qiu)季游(you)入深海產卵(luan),幼魚(yu)(yu)變態后,進(jin)入淡水生長(chang)。形狀(zhuang)如蛇(she),肉(rou)鬣連尾,無鱗有舌,大者長(chang)數尺(chi)。肉(rou)嫩(nen)如豆腐,味美似(si)河豚,為葷食屬性魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)。
鱭:俗(su)名鳳尾、刨(bao)花魚,是名貴的(de)經濟魚類,食用(yong)歷史悠久。
線路一:烏(wu)金汊(cha)游客服務(wu)中心(xin)——龜腦山——瓢里山——龍(long)吼山——鶴(he)園——鄱(po)陽湖濕地科學館——水生植物園——天(tian)鵝之家——觀湖長廊——落雁(yan)臺——麋鹿苑——二號天(tian)橋——返程碼頭(內湖游覽(lan)線路)
線路二:烏金汊游(you)客服務(wu)中心——龜腦山(shan)(shan)——瓢里山(shan)(shan)——龍吼山(shan)(shan)——鶴園(yuan)——鄱陽湖(hu)濕(shi)地科學館——水生植物園(yuan)——天鵝之家——觀湖(hu)長廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號天橋——乘車至店前渡口——大(da)草原景區——香油(you)州(zhou)(內外湖(hu)游(you)覽線路)
線路三:白沙洲濕地(di)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)園檢(jian)票口——鶴園——鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)濕地(di)科(ke)(ke)學(xue)館——水生(sheng)植物園——天鵝之家——觀湖(hu)長廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號天橋——乘車至(zhi)店(dian)前渡口——大草原(yuan)景區——香油州(zhou)(外湖(hu)游覽線路)