典出《史記(ji)·封禪(chan)書(shu)》:“黃(huang)(huang)帝采首山銅(tong),鑄鼎(ding)於(wu)荊山下(xia)(xia)。鼎(ding)既成,有龍(long)垂胡(hu)髯下(xia)(xia)迎黃(huang)(huang)帝。黃(huang)(huang)帝上(shang)騎,群臣後宮從上(shang)者七(qi)十馀人,龍(long)乃(nai)上(shang)去。馀小臣不得上(shang),乃(nai)悉(xi)持(chi)龍(long)髯,龍(long)髯拔,墮,墮黃(huang)(huang)帝之弓(gong)(gong)。百(bai)姓仰(yang)望黃(huang)(huang)帝既上(shang)天,乃(nai)抱(bao)其弓(gong)(gong)與(yu)胡(hu)髯號,故後世因名其處曰(yue)鼎(ding)湖,其弓(gong)(gong)曰(yue)烏號。
《史記·孝武本紀》:“黃帝(di)采(cai)首(shou)山銅,鑄鼎于荊山下(xia)。鼎既成,有龍垂胡髯下(xia)迎(ying)黃帝(di)。黃帝(di)上騎,群臣后宮從上龍七十余人(ren),龍乃上去。余小臣不(bu)得上,乃悉持龍髯,龍髯拔,墮黃帝(di)之弓。”
傳(chuan)說黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝采首山之銅(tong)(今(jin)河(he)南襄城縣(xian)首山),鑄鼎(ding)與(yu)荊山下(今(jin)河(he)南靈寶荊山),鼎(ding)城黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝乘龍(long)(long)(long)升仙,人(ren)們把黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝的靴(xue)子埋在鑄鼎(ding)塬上,形成了黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(河(he)南荊山黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)),并建廟祭祀(si)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)的西(xi)端有(you)一(yi)(yi)高6米,周長(chang)42.5主的土堆(dui),傳(chuan)說就是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)冢。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)西(xi)南有(you)一(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)溝(gou),傳(chuan)說是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)墜落之地,此(ci)間生長(chang)一(yi)(yi)種龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)草,說是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)須(xu)所變(bian),周圍皆(jie)無。
《尚書》記載:荊(jing)、河唯豫州。荊(jing)就是靈寶荊(jing)山。
東漢王充《論衡·道(dao)虛(xu)篇》:“黃帝(di)采(cai)首山(shan)銅,鑄鼎荊山(shan)下。鼎既(ji)成,有龍須(xu)垂胡髯下迎黃帝(di)。黃帝(di)上騎龍,群臣后宮從七十余人……”
明萬歷四十(shi)六年(nian)《襄城縣志(zhi)》:“首山(shan),在(zai)(zai)縣治南五里,橫亙九里。《史記(ji)》申公(gong)曰:‘天下名山(shan)八,三在(zai)(zai)夷(yi)狄,五在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)國(guo)。’又(you)云黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)采首山(shan)銅鑄鼎于(yu)湖。莊周曰黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)登具(ju)茨訪大隗,命駕于(yu)襄之(zhi)野,七圣皆迷(mi),見童(tong)子(zi)而問道焉,即此山(shan)也(ye)。”
清,蔣(jiang)廷錫(xi)編《(欽定)古(gu)今圖書集(ji)成·方(fang)輿匯編·職方(fang)典》:“首(shou)山(shan),在襄城南五里,橫亙九里。
清張潮《虞初新志》卷十(shi)七:“史稱天下(xia)名(ming)山(shan)八(ba),三在(zai)夷狄,五在(zai)中(zhong)國,皆黃帝(di)所嘗游,首山(shan)其一也。”
《括地志》說:“湖(hu)水(shui)原出虢州縣城(cheng)(今河南靈寶市)湖(hu)南三十五里夸父山(shan),北流入河即鼎湖(hu)也”;
隋開皇三年(583年)廢弘(hong)農(nong)郡(jun)及閿鄉(xiang)郡(jun),置虢州,治弘(hong)農(nong)縣,領(ling)弘(hong)農(nong)、閿鄉(xiang)、湖(hu)城縣3縣。
《閿鄉縣志》則(ze)說漢武(wu)帝(di)曾(ceng)在(zai)此(ci)地建有“鼎湖(hu)宮(gong)”。唐代李(li)白詩曰(yue):“鼎湖(hu)流水(shui)清且閑”,明(ming)代彭綱則(ze)寫(xie)下了“鼎湖(hu)煙樹接孤城”。
《史記·封禪書》記載,古時荊山一帶災情嚴重,黃帝聞訊從昆侖山來到荊山察看。為了煉出仙丹給老百姓治病,他(ta)采首山之(zhi)銅,汲湖水,鑄(zhu)鼎于荊山之(zhi)下。相傳(chuan)黃(huang)帝鑄(zhu)好鼎,黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)來迎黃(huang)帝升天時,百姓苦苦哀求,死(si)活不讓他(ta)走(zou),有(you)的(de)(de)牽衣扯(che)袍,有(you)的(de)(de)抱手拽腳,拖下了(le)(le)他(ta)的(de)(de)金(jin)靴(xue)(xue),扒下了(le)(le)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)皮、拔(ba)掉了(le)(le)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須。人們把黃(huang)帝的(de)(de)靴(xue)(xue)子埋在他(ta)鑄(zhu)鼎之(zhi)地(di),這里就(jiu)成了(le)(le)世人拜祖(zu)的(de)(de)地(di)方。黃(huang)帝陵高(gao)300米(mi),長5000米(mi)。嶺的(de)(de)西端有(you)一高(gao)6米(mi)、周長42.5米(mi)的(de)(de)土堆,傳(chuan)為黃(huang)帝陵冢。陵西南有(you)一龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須溝(gou),傳(chuan)說是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須墜落之(zhi)地(di),此間(jian)生長一種龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須草(cao),說是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)須所變,周圍皆無。
由于(yu)這里位于(yu)長(chang)安(an)古道(dao),函谷關(guan)(guan)和(he)潼關(guan)(guan)兩(liang)雄關(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間,屢遭戰火毀滅,但歷代(dai)都曾(ceng)進行過修(xiu)復和(he)重(zhong)建。現已修(xiu)復的主要遺跡(ji)有:獻殿、始祖(zu)殿、長(chang)廊、墓冢(zhong)、祀勸柱、闕樓等,并鑄造了象(xiang)征天神(shen)、地(di)神(shen)、祖(zu)宗的天、地(di)、人(ren)三(san)尊大(da)銅鼎。
現河(he)南靈寶荊山下有黃(huang)帝陵(ling)、鼎(ding)湖灣、靈寶黃(huang)帝鑄鼎(ding)塬等景區。