芒果视频

概況

“龍(long)(long)羊”系藏語，“龍(long)(long)”為溝谷(gu)，“羊”為峻(jun)崖，即峻(jun)崖深谷(gu)之(zhi)意(yi)。峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)西(xi)部入口處海(hai)拔(ba)2460米，東端出口處海(hai)拔(ba)2222米，河(he)道天然落差(cha)近(jin)240米，龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)在峽(xia)(xia)谷(gu)入口處龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，由攔(lan)河(he)大壩(ba)、防(fang)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑和電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)廠房三(san)部分(fen)組成，壩(ba)高178米，壩(ba)長(chang)1226米(其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)主壩(ba)長(chang)396米)，寬23米，形成了一座面積383平方千米、庫容(rong)247億立(li)方米的(de)(de)人工水(shui)(shui)庫。電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量128萬千瓦(安裝(zhuang)4臺(tai)32萬千瓦水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組)，并入國家電(dian)網，強大的(de)(de)電(dian)流源源不斷(duan)輸往西(xi)寧、蘭州、西(xi)安等工業城市，并將(jiang)輸入青海(hai)西(xi)部的(de)(de)柴達(da)木盆地(di)和甘肅西(xi)部的(de)(de)河(he)西(xi)走廊，支援中(zhong)(zhong)國西(xi)部的(de)(de)現代化(hua)建(jian)設。除發(fa)電(dian)外，龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)還具有防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)、灌溉(gai)、養殖等綜合(he)效益。

規模

龍(long)羊峽水電站(zhan)最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高178米(mi)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)底寬80米(mi)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬15米(mi)，主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)396米(mi)，左右兩岸(an)均(jun)高附(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)，大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)1140米(mi)。它(ta)不僅可以將(jiang)黃河上游(you)13萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)的年流量全部攔住，而將(jiang)在(zai)這里(li)形成一(yi)座面積為(wei)380平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)、總(zong)庫密(mi)量為(wei)240億立方(fang)米(mi)的人工水庫。

經濟價值

電(dian)(dian)站建成(cheng)后，可裝32萬(wan)千(qian)瓦的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機4臺(tai)，總裝機容(rong)量達128萬(wan)千(qian)瓦，年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量為(wei)(wei)23.6億千(qian)瓦時。龍羊(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站除(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)之外，還(huan)具有防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)、防(fang)(fang)凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉、養(yang)殖四大效益。龍羊(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站自投(tou)入運行(xing)到2001年5月25日(ri)，已安(an)全發(fa)電(dian)(dian)546.24億千(qian)瓦時，創(chuang)產(chan)值(zhi)40.8億元；為(wei)(wei)西北電(dian)(dian)網的(de)調(diao)峰、調(diao)頻和下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)、防(fang)(fang)凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉及緩(huan)解下(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)斷(duan)流發(fa)揮了(le)重要作用，是黃河干流其它(ta)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站都(dou)無法替代的(de)。為(wei)(wei)促進青海經濟發(fa)展奠定(ding)了(le)基礎(chu)，同時也為(wei)(wei)龍羊(yang)(yang)峽(xia)地區(qu)的(de)旅游(you)(you)、養(yang)殖和改變區(qu)域環境創(chuang)造了(le)條件。

建設歷史

龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)設(she)(she)從(cong)1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始，1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)截(jie)流；1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)開始澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)混凝土；1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)15日(ri)導流洞(dong)下(xia)(xia)閘蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)；4臺發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組分(fen)別于(yu)1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)4日(ri)、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)8日(ri)、1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)5日(ri)、1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)14日(ri)相繼投產；泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物底(di)、深、中孔在1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)期間相繼投入(ru)使用；1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)封(feng)拱高程(cheng)至(zhi)2610米；1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)銷號，未完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)項目轉(zhuan)入(ru)尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)《黃(huang)河龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)安全(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》在西(xi)寧(ning)定(ding)稿，至(zhi)此(ci)，龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)安全(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作全(quan)(quan)部(bu)結(jie)束。《黃(huang)河龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)安全(quan)(quan)鑒(jian)定(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》的(de)最終結(jie)論為：龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)(xia)閘蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)行(xing)至(zhi)今已十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)多，經(jing)歷了(le)三次較(jiao)高水(shui)(shui)位(wei)、三次3級(ji)左右的(de)水(shui)(shui)庫誘發地(di)震活動期和(he)兩(liang)次里氏4.0級(ji)以上的(de)構造(zao)地(di)震影(ying)響，總的(de)來(lai)說近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)庫岸(an)、大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)兩(liang)岸(an)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩巖體(ti)(ti)、引(yin)水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)廠房等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀況(kuang)正常。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總體(ti)(ti)是安全(quan)(quan)的(de)，各建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀態(tai)未見明(ming)顯異常，已具(ju)備進行(xing)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)的(de)條(tiao)件，存在問(wen)題需(xu)在運(yun)行(xing)中不(bu)斷(duan)解決(jue)，以利于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)安全(quan)(quan)運(yun)行(xing)。驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)委員會對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量作出總評價，認為龍(long)(long)(long)(long)羊峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總體(ti)(ti)來(lai)看(kan)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)徑向和(he)切向變(bian)位(wei)絕對(dui)值(zhi)較(jiao)小，基(ji)礎和(he)深部(bu)斷(duan)層(ceng)變(bian)位(wei)較(jiao)小，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)防滲(shen)效果(guo)好，大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀態(tai)正常；主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)及(ji)基(ji)礎處理(li)整體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)量合格，斷(duan)層(ceng)帶高壓固結(jie)灌(guan)漿后變(bian)形模量滿足(zu)要求(qiu)；設(she)(she)計技術方案合理(li)、可靠，滿足(zu)規范要求(qiu)。

工程施工

龍(long)羊峽(xia)水(shui)電站由于壩(ba)(ba)址(zhi)有10條大斷(duan)層(ceng)，因此進行了大規模的(de)處理(li)工(gong)作。壩(ba)(ba)基處理(li)的(de)主要措施有：調整拱壩(ba)(ba)體形，使(shi)壩(ba)(ba)肩向兩岸(an)適當深嵌，避開壩(ba)(ba)肩被斷(duan)裂割切的(de)不(bu)利影(ying)響，使(shi)拱端推力(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)向與可能滑移面(mian)(mian)近(jin)于正(zheng)交；對(dui)(dui)(dui)近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)斷(duan)層(ceng)采(cai)(cai)用網格式混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)置換洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)寬的(de)斷(duan)層(ceng)及其交匯帶采(cai)(cai)用混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)傳力(li)(li)洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)和傳力(li)(li)槽塞(sai)(sai)，傳力(li)(li)洞(dong)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)達60m；在F73斷(duan)層(ceng)上，設(she)置網格式混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)斷(duan)層(ceng)周圍巖(yan)(yan)石和近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)未經(jing)置換處理(li)的(de)斷(duan)層(ceng)進行高壓固(gu)結灌漿(jiang)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)兩岸(an)局部(bu)不(bu)穩定(ding)巖(yan)(yan)體，采(cai)(cai)用抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)(sai)，預應力(li)(li)錨(mao)索(suo)、錨(mao)樁、錨(mao)桿(gan)、表面(mian)(mian)襯護、排(pai)水(shui)等方(fang)(fang)法加固(gu)；壩(ba)(ba)基防滲帷幕和排(pai)水(shui)幕延伸(shen)至兩岸(an)深部(bu)并在壩(ba)(ba)前用混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)封(feng)堵、高壓固(gu)結灌漿(jiang)、化(hua)學(xue)灌漿(jiang)等方(fang)(fang)法攔截滲流。帷幕灌漿(jiang)孔(kong)為(wei)2排(pai)，谷底(di)孔(kong)深80m，左岸(an)孔(kong)深160m。基礎(chu)處理(li)總工(gong)程量為(wei)：地下巖(yan)(yan)石洞(dong)挖18萬(wan)m，回填混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)12萬(wan)m，帷幕灌漿(jiang)16.4萬(wan)m，固(gu)結灌漿(jiang)26.1萬(wan)m，化(hua)學(xue)灌漿(jiang)1.45萬(wan)m，排(pai)水(shui)孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)m，巖(yan)(yan)錨(mao)7萬(wan)t，噴錨(mao)護面(mian)(mian)2萬(wan)m。

采用隧(sui)洞導流(liu)，基坑全年(nian)(nian)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)方式。導流(liu)隧(sui)洞為馬蹄形，底(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)15m，邊墻高(gao)12～14m，按20年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇洪(hong)水(shui)設計。上游堆石圍(wei)堰高(gao)53m，長85m，用厚0.96～1.94m的(de)(de)(de)鋼筋混凝(ning)土心墻防滲。圍(wei)堰右端設有施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期用的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)常溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)，底(di)寬(kuan)(kuan)10.5m，最(zui)大泄流(liu)能力700m/s。1981年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)發生(sheng)200年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇大洪(hong)水(shui)，流(liu)量(liang)5570m/s，從非(fei)常溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)分流(liu)540m/s。1979年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)截流(liu)，流(liu)量(liang)690m/s，用鉛(qian)絲籠(long)塊(kuai)石、13t混凝(ning)土四(si)面體(ti)立堵，最(zui)大落差1.4m。

旅游

從西寧(ning)出發(fa)，過日月山，南行到146公(gong)里，便是(shi)(shi)世界聞(wen)名(ming)、中國第二(er)大水電(dian)站(zhan)－－龍羊峽水電(dian)站(zhan)。這(zhe)座水電(dian)站(zhan)上距黃河發(fa)源地1684公(gong)里，下至黃河入海口3376公(gong)里，是(shi)(shi)黃河上游第一(yi)座大型梯級(ji)電(dian)站(zhan)，人稱黃河“龍頭(tou)”電(dian)站(zhan)。

交通工具(ju)：汽(qi)車。