芒果视频

概況

“龍羊”系(xi)藏語，“龍”為(wei)溝谷(gu)(gu)，“羊”為(wei)峻(jun)崖，即峻(jun)崖深谷(gu)(gu)之意。峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)西(xi)部(bu)入口處(chu)海拔2460米(mi)，東端出口處(chu)海拔2222米(mi)，河(he)道天然落差近240米(mi)，龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)建在峽(xia)谷(gu)(gu)入口處(chu)龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，由攔河(he)大壩、防(fang)(fang)水建筑(zhu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)廠房三部(bu)分組成(cheng)，壩高178米(mi)，壩長(chang)1226米(mi)(其中主壩長(chang)396米(mi))，寬(kuan)23米(mi)，形成(cheng)了一座面(mian)積383平(ping)方千米(mi)、庫容(rong)247億(yi)立方米(mi)的(de)人工水庫。電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)總裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量128萬千瓦(wa)(安(an)裝(zhuang)4臺32萬千瓦(wa)水輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組)，并(bing)入國家(jia)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)，強大的(de)電(dian)(dian)流源源不斷輸(shu)往(wang)西(xi)寧、蘭州、西(xi)安(an)等工業城(cheng)市，并(bing)將(jiang)輸(shu)入青海西(xi)部(bu)的(de)柴達木盆地和(he)(he)甘肅西(xi)部(bu)的(de)河(he)西(xi)走廊，支援中國西(xi)部(bu)的(de)現代化(hua)建設。除發(fa)電(dian)(dian)外，龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)還具(ju)有防(fang)(fang)洪、防(fang)(fang)凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉(gai)、養殖等綜合效益。

規模

龍羊峽水(shui)電站最大壩(ba)高178米(mi)。壩(ba)底寬80米(mi)，壩(ba)頂寬15米(mi)，主壩(ba)長396米(mi)，左(zuo)右兩岸(an)均高附壩(ba)，大壩(ba)全長1140米(mi)。它不(bu)僅(jin)可以將黃河上游13萬平方公(gong)里(li)的年流量(liang)全部攔住，而將在這里(li)形(xing)成一座面積為(wei)(wei)380平方公(gong)里(li)、總(zong)庫密量(liang)為(wei)(wei)240億(yi)立方米(mi)的人工水(shui)庫。

經濟價值

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建成后，可(ke)裝(zhuang)32萬千瓦(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機4臺，總裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)達128萬千瓦(wa)(wa)，年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)為23.6億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)除發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之外，還具有(you)防(fang)(fang)洪、防(fang)(fang)凌、灌(guan)溉(gai)、養(yang)殖四大效益。龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自(zi)投入(ru)運行到2001年5月25日，已安全發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)546.24億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)，創產(chan)值40.8億(yi)元；為西北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)調(diao)峰、調(diao)頻和下游防(fang)(fang)洪、防(fang)(fang)凌、灌(guan)溉(gai)及緩(huan)解下游斷流發(fa)(fa)揮了(le)(le)重要(yao)作用(yong)，是黃河干流其它水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)都無法替代的(de)(de)。為促進青海(hai)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展奠定了(le)(le)基礎，同時(shi)也為龍羊峽(xia)地(di)區的(de)(de)旅(lv)游、養(yang)殖和改變區域環境(jing)創造了(le)(le)條件。

建設歷史

龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設從1976年(nian)開始，1979年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)程截流；1982年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)開始澆筑(zhu)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)混凝(ning)土；1986年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)導(dao)流洞下(xia)閘蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；4臺發電(dian)機(ji)組分別于(yu)1987年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)4日(ri)、1987年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)、1988年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)5日(ri)、1989年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)14日(ri)相繼投產；泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑(zhu)物底(di)、深(shen)、中孔在(zai)(zai)1987年(nian)至1989年(nian)期間(jian)相繼投入(ru)使用；1990年(nian)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)封拱(gong)高程至2610米；1993年(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程銷號(hao)，未完工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)項目轉入(ru)尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)《黃(huang)河龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒定(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》在(zai)(zai)西寧定(ding)稿，至此，龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作全(quan)(quan)(quan)部結(jie)束。《黃(huang)河龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鑒定(ding)報(bao)告(gao)》的(de)(de)最終結(jie)論為：龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自1986年(nian)下(xia)閘蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)運行至今已十(shi)三(san)年(nian)多，經歷了三(san)次較高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)、三(san)次3級左右的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)誘(you)發地震(zhen)活動期和(he)兩(liang)次里氏4.0級以(yi)上的(de)(de)構(gou)造地震(zhen)影響，總(zong)的(de)(de)來說近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)庫(ku)岸(an)、大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)兩(liang)岸(an)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩巖體、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和(he)發電(dian)廠房等工(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況正(zheng)(zheng)常。龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)體是安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)，各建(jian)筑(zhu)物工(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)未見明顯異常，已具備進(jin)行竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收(shou)的(de)(de)條件，存在(zai)(zai)問題需在(zai)(zai)運行中不斷(duan)解(jie)決，以(yi)利(li)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)運行。驗收(shou)委員會對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程質量作出總(zong)評(ping)價，認(ren)為龍(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總(zong)體來看(kan)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)徑(jing)向和(he)切(qie)向變位(wei)絕對值較小(xiao)(xiao)，基礎和(he)深(shen)部斷(duan)層變位(wei)較小(xiao)(xiao)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體防滲效(xiao)果好，大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)正(zheng)(zheng)常；主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)及(ji)基礎處(chu)理整體質量合(he)格，斷(duan)層帶高壓固結(jie)灌漿后變形模量滿足要(yao)求；設計技術方案合(he)理、可靠，滿足規(gui)范要(yao)求。

工程施工

龍羊峽水電站由于(yu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址有10條大(da)(da)斷(duan)層(ceng)，因此(ci)進行(xing)了大(da)(da)規(gui)模的(de)處理工(gong)作。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)(ji)處理的(de)主要措施有：調整(zheng)拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體形(xing)，使(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩向(xiang)兩岸(an)適當深嵌，避開壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩被斷(duan)裂割切的(de)不利影(ying)響，使(shi)拱(gong)端推(tui)力方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)與可能滑移面(mian)(mian)(mian)近(jin)于(yu)正交；對(dui)(dui)(dui)近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)斷(duan)層(ceng)采(cai)用(yong)網格(ge)式混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)置換洞(dong)(dong)(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)寬的(de)斷(duan)層(ceng)及(ji)其(qi)交匯帶采(cai)用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)傳力洞(dong)(dong)(dong)塞(sai)(sai)和(he)傳力槽塞(sai)(sai)，傳力洞(dong)(dong)(dong)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)達60m；在(zai)F73斷(duan)層(ceng)上，設置網格(ge)式混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)抗剪洞(dong)(dong)(dong)塞(sai)(sai)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)斷(duan)層(ceng)周圍巖(yan)石(shi)和(he)近(jin)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)未經(jing)置換處理的(de)斷(duan)層(ceng)進行(xing)高壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)兩岸(an)局部不穩定(ding)巖(yan)體，采(cai)用(yong)抗剪洞(dong)(dong)(dong)塞(sai)(sai)，預應力錨(mao)(mao)索、錨(mao)(mao)樁、錨(mao)(mao)桿、表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)襯護、排(pai)(pai)水等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法加固(gu)；壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)(ji)防滲(shen)帷(wei)幕和(he)排(pai)(pai)水幕延伸(shen)至(zhi)兩岸(an)深部并在(zai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)前用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)封堵、高壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、化(hua)學灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法攔截滲(shen)流。帷(wei)幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)為2排(pai)(pai)，谷底(di)孔(kong)深80m，左岸(an)孔(kong)深160m。基(ji)(ji)礎處理總工(gong)程(cheng)量為：地(di)下巖(yan)石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)挖18萬(wan)(wan)m，回填混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)12萬(wan)(wan)m，帷(wei)幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)16.4萬(wan)(wan)m，固(gu)結(jie)(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)26.1萬(wan)(wan)m，化(hua)學灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)1.45萬(wan)(wan)m，排(pai)(pai)水孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)(wan)m，巖(yan)錨(mao)(mao)7萬(wan)(wan)t，噴錨(mao)(mao)護面(mian)(mian)(mian)2萬(wan)(wan)m。

采用隧(sui)洞導(dao)流(liu)，基坑全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)施工的方式。導(dao)流(liu)隧(sui)洞為(wei)馬蹄形，底(di)寬(kuan)15m，邊墻高(gao)12～14m，按(an)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇洪(hong)(hong)水設計。上游(you)堆石圍堰高(gao)53m，長(chang)85m，用厚0.96～1.94m的鋼筋(jin)混凝土心(xin)墻防滲(shen)。圍堰右端設有施工期用的非常溢洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)，底(di)寬(kuan)10.5m，最(zui)大(da)泄(xie)流(liu)能力700m/s。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月發(fa)生200年(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇大(da)洪(hong)(hong)水，流(liu)量5570m/s，從非常溢洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)分流(liu)540m/s。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月截流(liu)，流(liu)量690m/s，用鉛(qian)絲籠塊石、13t混凝土四面體立堵，最(zui)大(da)落差1.4m。

旅游

從西寧出發(fa)，過日月山，南行(xing)到146公(gong)(gong)里(li)，便是世界聞名、中國第二大(da)水電(dian)站(zhan)－－龍羊峽水電(dian)站(zhan)。這座(zuo)水電(dian)站(zhan)上距黃(huang)河(he)發(fa)源(yuan)地1684公(gong)(gong)里(li)，下至黃(huang)河(he)入海口3376公(gong)(gong)里(li)，是黃(huang)河(he)上游第一座(zuo)大(da)型梯級電(dian)站(zhan)，人(ren)稱黃(huang)河(he)“龍頭”電(dian)站(zhan)。

交通工具：汽車。