工程作用
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)是在洈水(shui)(shui)流域中游建壩攔洪，以灌溉為(wei)主，具有防洪、發電、養殖等綜(zong)合效益(yi)的大型水(shui)(shui)利工程。庫(ku)區跨鄂湘兩省的五(wu)峰、松(song)(song)滋、石門、澧縣四(si)縣市，總庫(ku)容5.93億立方米，灌溉湖北(bei)松(song)(song)滋、公(gong)安和(he)湖南(nan)澧縣共52萬畝農田，發電裝(zhuang)機四(si)臺，容量1.24萬千(qian)瓦。
修建歷程
一
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是洞(dong)庭湖(hu)四口水(shui)(shui)(shui)系松西(xi)河(he)的(de)支(zhi)流(liu)，位于(yu)湖(hu)北省西(xi)南部和湖(hu)南省西(xi)北部交界(jie)處(chu)。發(fa)源于(yu)五峰(feng)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灣(wan)，處(chu)于(yu)暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)區范(fan)圍內(nei)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量充沛，多年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)來水(shui)(shui)(shui)9.42億立(li)方米。建庫前每逢暴雨(yu)(yu)(yu)，山洪(hong)洶(xiong)涌，沿(yan)岸平川沖漫，下(xia)游(you)近30萬(wan)畝的(de)湖(hu)區洪(hong)澇成(cheng)災(zai)。然(ran)而，洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沿(yan)岸丘陵、崗地，年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)又缺水(shui)(shui)(shui)干旱(han)，人(ren)畜飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)十(shi)分(fen)困難。群眾(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)傳著這(zhe)樣一首民(min)謠(yao):"一天大(da)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)淹了(le)田，五日無(wu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)旱(han)冒煙，十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)就有九(jiu)不收，拖兒(er)帶女逃(tao)荒(huang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)"。還因(yin)溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)漲落頻繁，使下(xia)游(you)10萬(wan)畝的(de)王家大(da)湖(hu)雜(za)草叢生，釘螺繁殖，血吸蟲病(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)十(shi)分(fen)嚴重。有時水(shui)(shui)(shui)、旱(han)、病(bing)三災(zai)并發(fa)，給沿(yan)流(liu)域數十(shi)萬(wan)人(ren)民(min)帶來苦不堪言的(de)災(zai)難和危害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，故(gu)人(ren)們稱此河(he)流(liu)為危害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)人(ren)民(min)的(de)"危水(shui)(shui)(shui)"。無(wu)止境的(de)災(zai)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)，舊中(zhong)(zhong)國無(wu)法(fa)根治，人(ren)民(min)多少年(nian)(nian)(nian)夢(meng)寐以求治理洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)夙愿無(wu)法(fa)實現。
新中(zhong)國成(cheng)立后，黨和人民(min)政(zheng)府十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分關心(xin)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的開發(fa)治理(li)，由于當時條件的限制，僅采(cai)取局(ju)(ju)(ju)部引(yin)排措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)紙廠河(he)下游(you)(you)雷打坑至廖家灣進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)小改道，可縮短河(he)線8公里(li)，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬成(cheng)立洈(wei)(wei)河(he)改道指揮(hui)部，動(dong)工(gong)后不久，因(yin)公安(an)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)德垸群眾提出(chu)(chu)異(yi)議(yi)，后經(jing)荊州專(zhuan)署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)(ju)(ju)出(chu)(chu)面調解(jie)無效而停(ting)工(gong)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)連續兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)澇成(cheng)災，干部群眾要求治理(li)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的愿(yuan)望更為迫(po)切，特別是(shi)1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)的洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)下游(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多個民(min)垸潰決(jue)，堵復工(gong)程量(liang)大(da)，經(jing)松(song)、公兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)組(zu)織(zhi)有關人員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)勘測(ce)(ce)提出(chu)(chu)方案，上報荊州專(zhuan)署(shu)批準，決(jue)定從(cong)劉家小河(he)改道經(jing)青羊山到(dao)重(zhong)陽(yang)樹至公安(an)縣(xian)(xian)鄭家湖入老洈(wei)(wei)河(he)。專(zhuan)署(shu)成(cheng)立施(shi)(shi)工(gong)指揮(hui)部，饒民(min)太(tai)副專(zhuan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兼指揮(hui)長，于當年(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷冬月十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五日(ri)(ri)組(zu)織(zhi)勞(lao)力(li)(li)3萬(wan)人正式動(dong)工(gong)，不久因(yin)大(da)雪封凍，估(gu)計春節前(qian)不能解(jie)凍，又(you)加之災后人力(li)(li)、財力(li)(li)困難(nan)，臘月二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri)饒副專(zhuan)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)親(qin)臨工(gong)地(di)(di)(di)通知停(ting)工(gong)并作善后處(chu)理(li)。幾次改道均(jun)未成(cheng)功，引(yin)起省(sheng)、地(di)(di)(di)、縣(xian)(xian)各(ge)級(ji)領導的重(zhong)視，決(jue)心(xin)采(cai)取根(gen)治措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)(ju)(ju)于1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)組(zu)織(zhi)兩(liang)個測(ce)(ce)量(liang)隊，從(cong)本(ben)流(liu)域出(chu)(chu)口(kou)至上游(you)(you)的主支流(liu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)全(quan)面的地(di)(di)(di)形測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，搜集了大(da)量(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文、地(di)(di)(di)質，及各(ge)種災害情況的資(zi)料，在(zai)吸取過去經(jing)驗教訓的基礎上，提出(chu)(chu)了"上蓄下排，根(gen)治洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)"的綜合方案。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月，專(zhuan)署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)(ju)(ju)派韓明(ming)炎工(gong)程師率隊對洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)復勘，選定在(zai)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)游(you)(you)大(da)巖咀修水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，于5月26日(ri)(ri)編制洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程設計書，上報省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳和專(zhuan)署(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)(ju)(ju)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳組(zu)織(zhi)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校師生(sheng)30余人到(dao)洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)，歷時兩(liang)個月完成(cheng)任務。同期松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)委派副縣(xian)(xian)長貢(gong)福(fu)珍帶隊作施(shi)(shi)工(gong)準備(bei)工(gong)作。8月經(jing)荊州地(di)(di)(di)委批準組(zu)建施(shi)(shi)工(gong)指揮(hui)部，由松(song)、公兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)組(zu)織(zhi)1.5萬(wan)勞(lao)力(li)(li)，于9月1日(ri)(ri)在(zai)"根(gen)治洈(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，造(zao)福(fu)人民(min)"的口(kou)號聲中(zhong)，正式動(dong)工(gong)興建。
二
洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規模較大(da)，任務(wu)艱(jian)巨，樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由3壩(一主二副)、5閘、1電站組成，灌區渠道分(fen)為七級，各種(zhong)建筑(zhu)物1293座。在1958年(nian)修建這樣(yang)大(da)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)確實(shi)(shi)困難很多，主要表現在:一是(shi)當時國家財力(li)、物力(li)有限，動(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時僅給20萬元(yuan)器材包(bao)干(gan)經費(fei)，完全實(shi)(shi)行"民(min)辦公助";二是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術力(li)量比較薄弱，參戰人(ren)(ren)員沒有實(shi)(shi)踐經驗;三是(shi)流(liu)域在暴(bao)雨中心，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)如何排(pai)除(chu)洪水(shui)威脅，困難重重。面臨這樣(yang)嚴峻的(de)形勢，松、公兩縣人(ren)(ren)民(min)憑著對"根治洈(wei)水(shui)"的(de)強烈愿望，以(yi)高(gao)度的(de)社會主義建設熱情和自我犧牲(sheng)精神，投入(ru)洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設。他(ta)們爭先(xian)恐(kong)后報名參戰，生(sheng)產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)自己(ji)(ji)帶，工(gong)(gong)(gong)棚材料自己(ji)(ji)籌(chou)，生(sheng)活物資自己(ji)(ji)備(bei)，不計報酬(chou)，不辭(ci)勞(lao)苦，日以(yi)繼夜戰斗在工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)間(jian)最多上(shang)勞(lao)力(li)近(jin)5萬人(ren)(ren)，干(gan)部(bu)與(yu)群眾打(da)成一片，同(tong)吃、同(tong)住、同(tong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，傳統的(de)春節，民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不回家過年(nian)，指揮長查遠澄(cheng)更是(shi)與(yu)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)甘(gan)共(gong)苦，在工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)度過除(chu)夕(xi)之夜，干(gan)群一心建洈(wei)水(shui)，炮聲動(dong)(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)(di)土遮天，人(ren)(ren)山人(ren)(ren)海，氣(qi)壯山河。工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)深入(ru)持久地(di)(di)(di)開展了以(yi)三高(gao)八(ba)比為內容，以(yi)百(連(lian))千(qian)(組)萬人(ren)(ren)(紅(hong)旗人(ren)(ren))的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)競賽運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，一浪(lang)高(gao)過一浪(lang)。
在施工過程中，由于(yu)(yu)多種(zhong)原因，工程歷經(jing)初建(jian)、續建(jian)、加固三(san)個階段，但(dan)干(gan)部、群眾始終以飽(bao)滿的政(zheng)治熱情，發揚"一不怕苦(ku)，二不怕死"的革命精神，戰天斗地，苦(ku)干(gan)加巧干(gan)，涌現出了許多可歌可泣的動人(ren)事(shi)跡和(he)先進模范人(ren)物(wu)，有(you)的甚至獻出了寶貴的生命，夙愿終于(yu)(yu)實現，功績永垂(chui)史冊。
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設以(yi)主壩施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)為(wei)緊(jin)張(zhang)艱巨(ju)。圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導流是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證大壩順(shun)利施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，對(dui)地(di)處暴雨中心的(de)(de)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來說，圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導流更有(you)它(ta)的(de)(de)特殊重要(yao)(yao)性。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨委(wei)(wei)對(dui)此十分重視，為(wei)此，在(zai)壩址上游(you)1000米(mi)處設圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)引(yin)排(pai)，加大流量(liang)300立方米(mi)每秒，組織2000人(ren)日(ri)(ri)夜(ye)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)尚未竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，于10月13日(ri)(ri)一天降(jiang)雨104.6毫米(mi)，產生流量(liang)904立方米(mi)每秒，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)連(lian)夜(ye)組織6000人(ren)搶(qiang)筑，終(zhong)因洪水(shui)過猛，搶(qiang)筑不(bu)及，漫堤崩(beng)潰。造成(cheng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)的(de)(de)大量(liang)物質器(qi)材(cai)被(bei)洪水(shui)沖(chong)走(zou)，還沖(chong)走(zou)一民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)落不(bu)明(ming)。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)雖遭多次(ci)洪水(shui)襲(xi)擊(ji)，但在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨委(wei)(wei)領導下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毫不(bu)氣餒，連(lian)續作戰，幾(ji)經堵(du)復(fu)，終(zhong)于初戰告捷，圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導流成(cheng)功，使大壩得以(yi)順(shun)利施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。堵(du)口(kou)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)是(shi)大壩最(zui)為(wei)關鍵又(you)最(zui)為(wei)緊(jin)張(zhang)的(de)(de)時刻，由(you)于當時大辦鋼鐵的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)，勞力(li)幾(ji)上幾(ji)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)緩慢(man)，而省、地(di)委(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)求1960年冬必須完(wan)成(cheng)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任(ren)(ren)務，爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)部分受益。在(zai)1959年冬，面對(dui)著合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)大壩填筑任(ren)(ren)務跟不(bu)上，不(bu)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)則已獲成(cheng)果(guo)保(bao)(bao)不(bu)住，會前(qian)功盡棄的(de)(de)情況，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨委(wei)(wei)會同(tong)技術人(ren)員經過反(fan)復(fu)研究，報經上級同(tong)意，采取(qu)(qu)如下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)措施:一是(shi)降(jiang)低(di)高程(cheng)，縮(suo)(suo)小(xiao)斷面，做(zuo)至90米(mi)高程(cheng)，保(bao)(bao)百年一遇(yu)洪水(shui)渡(du)過汛(xun)期;二(er)是(shi)保(bao)(bao)證土方進度(du)(du)，采取(qu)(qu)縮(suo)(suo)短土方運(yun)距，加強(qiang)勞力(li)組合(he)(he)，改(gai)革(ge)運(yun)輸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，確立日(ri)(ri)升尺度(du)(du)，并(bing)同(tong)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位的(de)(de)公社(she)黨委(wei)(wei)書(shu)(shu)記簽(qian)訂(ding)任(ren)(ren)務合(he)(he)同(tong)書(shu)(shu)，雙方明(ming)確職責(ze)，請縣委(wei)(wei)、縣政府、檢察(cha)院監督實施，強(qiang)化責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，確保(bao)(bao)兌現;三是(shi)做(zuo)好合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)前(qian)一切準備(bei)，根據流域降(jiang)水(shui)特點，決定(ding)1960年2月2日(ri)(ri)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)。
整個合(he)龍是一個與天斗(dou)與地(di)斗(dou)的(de)艱巨緊張過程(cheng)，2月2日上午7時，圍(wei)堰截流，5日正式進土，7日工(gong)地(di)召(zhao)開合(he)龍慶(qing)典動員誓(shi)師大會，打響了馴服洈水、造福人民的(de)攻堅戰。經13個日夜苦戰，高(gao)程(cheng)筑(zhu)至70米(mi)時，15至17日連降大雨，庫水迅漲(zhang)(zhang)至68米(mi)，而且還(huan)在繼續上漲(zhang)(zhang)，形勢(shi)非常險(xian)(xian)惡，施工(gong)萬分(fen)緊張，指揮部及時采取非常措施，在迎水面搶筑(zhu)子埂擋住洪水，干群(qun)合(he)力投入戰斗(dou)，不顧泥滑雨淋(lin)，水漲(zhang)(zhang)堤高(gao)，終于戰勝洪水。經過3、4兩個月施工(gong)，大壩達(da)到(dao)90米(mi)脫險(xian)(xian)高(gao)程(cheng)，為水庫建(jian)設的(de)成(cheng)功作出了貢獻。
灌區(qu)(qu)渠(qu)道工(gong)程以(yi)北干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)施工(gong)為最難，主支(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)101公(gong)(gong)里，有90%是(shi)盤山(shan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)渠(qu)，劈開(kai)(kai)(kai)山(shan)埡79處(chu)(chu)，最高(gao)達21米(mi)(mi)，鑿穿(chuan)隧(sui)(sui)道17處(chu)(chu)，總長(chang)達2769米(mi)(mi)，架設(she)渡槽(cao)6座，總長(chang)1544米(mi)(mi)，填(tian)筑大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)沖44處(chu)(chu)。特別(bie)是(shi)打隧(sui)(sui)洞用土(tu)法施工(gong)，還遇到流砂層、破碎帶(dai)等(deng)多處(chu)(chu)險段，依(yi)靠群眾的(de)(de)智慧(hui)和力(li)(li)量，戰勝了(le)各(ge)種困(kun)(kun)難，按計劃完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了(le)任務。南干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)施工(gong)速度最快，全(quan)長(chang)94公(gong)(gong)里，在(zai)1965年(nian)樞(shu)紐(niu)續(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)(shi)相繼開(kai)(kai)(kai)工(gong)，僅(jin)用一(yi)年(nian)半(ban)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)土(tu)石(shi)方433萬立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，混凝(ning)土(tu)4054立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，砌(qi)石(shi)9700立(li)方米(mi)(mi)，還架設(she)全(quan)灌區(qu)(qu)最長(chang)(875米(mi)(mi))、最高(gao)(31米(mi)(mi))的(de)(de)渡槽(cao)一(yi)座，開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)各(ge)類渠(qu)系(xi)262.5公(gong)(gong)里，1966年(nian)5月建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)通(tong)(tong)水(shui)(shui)。澧(li)(li)縣(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)挖填(tian)量最大(da)(da)(da).南北干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)受(shou)(shou)益后，澧(li)(li)縣(xian)因(yin)連續(xu)幾年(nian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)旱，涔北地(di)區(qu)(qu)又無其他水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，群眾迫(po)切要求興建(jian)(jian)(jian)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)。常德地(di)委、澧(li)(li)縣(xian)縣(xian)委十分重視(shi)，在(zai)財力(li)(li)、物力(li)(li)極(ji)端困(kun)(kun)難的(de)(de)情況下，依(yi)靠群眾的(de)(de)力(li)(li)量，以(yi)土(tu)為主，采(cai)取"臺渠(qu)代(dai)渡槽(cao)，大(da)(da)(da)挖代(dai)隧(sui)(sui)洞"，劈山(shan)、填(tian)沖、筑嶺(ling)，僅(jin)用一(yi)年(nian)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)(tong)了(le)65公(gong)(gong)里渠(qu)道，使灌區(qu)(qu)及早受(shou)(shou)益。該干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)能夠快速完(wan)(wan)工(gong)，與(yu)松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)委和當(dang)地(di)政府的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)力(li)(li)支(zhi)(zhi)持是(shi)分不開(kai)(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)，在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)庫(ku)時(shi)(shi)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)顧全(quan)大(da)(da)(da)局，承擔了(le)淹沒(mei)及移民(min)損失，所以(yi)在(zai)修干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)時(shi)(shi)，松(song)滋(zi)人(ren)民(min)積極(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)持澧(li)(li)縣(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)，盡早受(shou)(shou)益，無論在(zai)占壓良田(tian)、挖填(tian)山(shan)地(di)、搬遷農戶和民(min)工(gong)住房等(deng)方面都作了(le)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)工(gong)作，使工(gong)程順利(li)實施，體現了(le)松(song)澧(li)(li)人(ren)民(min)相互支(zhi)(zhi)持、團(tuan)結治水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)好(hao)風(feng)尚(shang)。
洈水工程能在困難的(de)條件下(xia)進行施(shi)工，主(zhu)要是(shi)在地、縣委(wei)的(de)領(ling)導下(xia)，工地黨委(wei)依靠干部、技術人員、群(qun)眾三結合(he)(he)(he)，遵循科學規律，發(fa)揚(yang)艱苦奮斗、自力(li)更生的(de)精神(shen)，發(fa)揮了(le)集體智慧和(he)力(li)量(liang)。工程從l958年(nian)初步(bu)設(she)計到1965年(nian)續(xu)建修(xiu)改設(she)計和(he)1974年(nian)整險加固設(she)計，經過反(fan)復多次多處修(xiu)改補充，逐步(bu)趨向完善合(he)(he)(he)理。如主(zhu)壩(ba)原設(she)計為粘土(tu)均質壩(ba)，在續(xu)建時(shi)考慮到北端土(tu)源缺乏，改為粘土(tu)代(dai)料(liao)組合(he)(he)(he)壩(ba)，縮(suo)短(duan)運距，節省土(tu)方量(liang)，加快(kuai)了(le)施(shi)工速度(du)。溢(yi)洪道(dao)原址(zhi)定在野雞凹(ao)，在續(xu)建時(shi)因孫(sun)家溪(xi)臨時(shi)泄洪沖深(shen)沖寬，巖石(shi)裸露，便因地制宜將溢(yi)洪道(dao)址(zhi)改在孫(sun)家溪(xi)，既(ji)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)新的(de)開挖量(liang)，又減(jian)少(shao)(shao)孫(sun)家溪(xi)的(de)填(tian)筑量(liang)，符合(he)(he)(he)客(ke)觀實際(ji)。特別是(shi)灌(guan)區續(xu)建時(shi)，經指揮長涂一元帶(dai)領(ling)技術人員反(fan)復勘測，決定抬高渠(qu)底1米，既(ji)可將灌(guan)溉面積增(zeng)加8萬畝，又可減(jian)少(shao)(shao)渠(qu)道(dao)的(de)挖填(tian)量(liang)，這次修(xiu)改符合(he)(he)(he)長遠利益，深(shen)得灌(guan)區人民的(de)贊揚(yang)。
在大(da)(da)施工期間，工地(di)黨委發動(dong)群(qun)(qun)眾，依靠群(qun)(qun)眾，開(kai)展了大(da)(da)規模(mo)的工具改革，利用(yong)(yong)庫內、灌區(qu)的樹(shu)木(mu)作原(yuan)料(liao)，曾(ceng)進行(xing)過斗車化、軌道化、板(ban)車化等項改革。但(dan)因行(xing)程(cheng)遠、坡(po)陡、卸料(liao)困難以及勞力擁擠諸(zhu)多矛(mao)盾，未能廣(guang)泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。后(hou)來因地(di)制宜，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)木(mu)制手(shou)推獨輪車，在大(da)(da)壩(ba)推土效(xiao)果良好，小(xiao)巧玲瓏，一人操作，裝卸方便，不擇道路(lu)，坡(po)陡可(ke)繞"之"字路(lu)而行(xing)，載重250公斤，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)減(jian)輕了勞動(dong)強(qiang)度(du)，提(ti)高了工效(xiao)。
洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的建(jian)設(she)，黨和(he)各級政(zheng)府(fu)給(gei)予(yu)極大(da)的支持和(he)關懷。在(zai)初建(jian)、續建(jian)、加(jia)固三(san)個階段中，水(shui)(shui)(shui)利部部長(chang)錢正(zheng)英、副部長(chang)李伯寧(ning)，湖北(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)張體學、副省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)夏世厚和(he)湖南省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)領導都曾(ceng)親臨工地(di)指(zhi)(zhi)導，省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳(ting)和(he)地(di)、縣(xian)委領導多(duo)次(ci)到工地(di)檢查指(zhi)(zhi)導、慰問(wen)和(he)幫助解決具體問(wen)題(ti)。在(zai)續建(jian)時荊(jing)州地(di)委派(pai)地(di)區水(shui)(shui)(shui)利局(ju)局(ju)長(chang)任指(zhi)(zhi)揮長(chang)，并組(zu)織有關部門的領導和(he)大(da)批(pi)技術人(ren)(ren)員參加(jia)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)施工。松滋縣(xian)委、政(zheng)府(fu)更是要人(ren)(ren)上人(ren)(ren)、要物(wu)給(gei)物(wu)，保證了(le)工程的順(shun)利施工。公安、澧縣(xian)縣(xian)委同(tong)樣對水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建(jian)設(she)十分關心(xin)，給(gei)予(yu)了(le)極大(da)的支持，形成了(le)"湘鄂人(ren)(ren)民(min)心(xin)連心(xin)，團結(jie)治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)情誼(yi)深"的良(liang)好風(feng)范(fan)，在(zai)管理(li)中更好地(di)發(fa)揚治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、用水(shui)(shui)(shui)一盤棋的好傳統，受(shou)到部、省(sheng)(sheng)多(duo)次(ci)好評。
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建設(she)(she)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，曾遇到過(guo)許多矛盾(dun)和(he)問題(ti)。1958年水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)開(kai)工(gong)后(hou)不(bu)久，正(zheng)值(zhi)全(quan)(quan)國開(kai)展(zhan)大辦(ban)鋼(gang)鐵，施(shi)工(gong)只好讓路(lu)，已經上(shang)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)勞力抽調大批支援辦(ban)鋼(gang)鐵，使(shi)原計(ji)劃上(shang)8萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)減到只上(shang)1.5萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)能按(an)計(ji)劃進行。同時因勞力不(bu)足(zu)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進展(zhan)緩慢，到1959年初大壩合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)還是不(bu)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)面(mian)(mian)臨兩種(zhong)選擇。在(zai)這一關鍵(jian)時刻，工(gong)地(di)黨(dang)委一班人(ren)(ren)(ren)以對黨(dang)對人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)高度負責的(de)(de)(de)精神和(he)求實的(de)(de)(de)態度，同技(ji)術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員一起根據洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)上(shang)游降水(shui)(shui)規律，分析合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)必要性(xing)。在(zai)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)中(zhong)采(cai)取縮(suo)(suo)窄斷面(mian)(mian)、縮(suo)(suo)短運距等多種(zhong)措施(shi)，論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)可行性(xing)。前后(hou)方(fang)黨(dang)委研究決(jue)定(ding)全(quan)(quan)黨(dang)動員、全(quan)(quan)民(min)動員，組織一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力、物力為合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)提供可靠保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)，報經上(shang)級(ji)黨(dang)委批準，實施(shi)了(le)(le)合(he)(he)龍(long)(long)保(bao)成果的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案。實踐證(zheng)(zheng)明這一決(jue)策是正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)(de)，它充分體現了(le)(le)尊重科(ke)學(xue)和(he)依靠人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾的(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)，是領(ling)導科(ke)學(xue)指導實踐成功的(de)(de)(de)范例。在(zai)續建中(zhong)正(zheng)值(zhi)全(quan)(quan)國開(kai)展(zhan)設(she)(she)計(ji)革命(ming)，由(you)于認識有些不(bu)一致，在(zai)設(she)(she)計(ji)中(zhong)出現了(le)(le)片面(mian)(mian)求省(sheng)，使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)計(ji)標(biao)準偏(pian)低。1970年基本(ben)建成運用以后(hou)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量出現不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)，被列為全(quan)(quan)國病險(xian)庫(ku)之(zhi)一。后(hou)來(lai)經過(guo)五年整(zheng)險(xian)加固，才使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)(quan)符合(he)(he)安全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準。
經過近15年的艱苦奮斗，國家總投資2915.44萬(wan)元，地(di)方自籌(chou)403.4萬(wan)元。群眾投工(gong)3220.11萬(wan)個，完成土石(shi)方2528.52萬(wan)立方米(mi)。壩(ba)體總量532萬(wan)立方米(mi)、長度(du)1640米(mi)的主壩(ba)巍巍屹立于(yu)洈(wei)水河谷之上，7公(gong)里多的副壩(ba)蜿蜒在山嶺(ling)之中，使(shi)洈(wei)水這條(tiao)"孽龍(long)"從此聽(ting)憑調遣。三條(tiao)總長263公(gong)里的干渠似長龍(long)伸延于(yu)鄂湘兩省交界的山地(di)間，滋潤著萬(wan)頃農田(tian)。發電(dian)站輸出巨(ju)大的電(dian)能，似閃耀明珠普(pu)照山鄉(xiang)，人民齊頌共產黨，載(zai)歌載(zai)舞慶豐年。
三
地委(wei)、縣(xian)委(wei)對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作十分重視。早在建(jian)(jian)(jian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)初期，就由松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立了松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)大巖咀(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)，人員(yuan)(yuan)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指揮(hui)部內(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，經費由縣(xian)財政開支。1959年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)19日接收勝(sheng)(sheng)利(li)公(gong)社(she)(she)(she)為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)所轄(xia)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立畜牧場(chang)(chang)、林場(chang)(chang)。1960年(nian)(nian)大壩合(he)龍以(yi)后，庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)內(nei)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，南(nan)、北閘及發(fa)電引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成，地委(wei)委(wei)托松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)正(zheng)(zheng)式成立洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)，并將勝(sheng)(sheng)利(li)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設公(gong)社(she)(she)(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，1961年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)又(you)將庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)周大巖咀(ju)公(gong)社(she)(she)(she)、坪山(shan)公(gong)社(she)(she)(she)劃(hua)歸(gui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)(yi)并管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。1962年(nian)(nian)因受自然災害影響，無法(fa)繼續(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程下馬，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人員(yuan)(yuan)縮減，所轄(xia)公(gong)社(she)(she)(she)交給西齋(zhai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，保留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)林場(chang)(chang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)行使(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的留(liu)(liu)守和(he)(he)已(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務。1965年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進行續(xu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)歸(gui)并指揮(hui)部，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)齊抓(zhua)。1970年(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)基本建(jian)(jian)(jian)成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)才充實人員(yuan)(yuan)，獨立行使(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)職責和(he)(he)承擔(dan)遺留(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的建(jian)(jian)(jian)設。1972年(nian)(nian)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程規(gui)模及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務的需(xu)要，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)改(gai)屬(shu)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)局(ju)直(zhi)接領導，為地區(qu)(qu)(qu)二級單位。1992年(nian)(nian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)改(gai)為管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)，定(ding)為正(zheng)(zheng)縣(xian)級單位，荊沙市(shi)合(he)并后更名(ming)為"洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)"。在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制(zhi)上，本著誰受益誰管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，統(tong)一(yi)(yi)領導，分級負責的原(yuan)則，逐步趨向完善。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)對樞紐(niu)灌區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)及水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、電、漁等實行統(tong)一(yi)(yi)領導和(he)(he)經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。但對灌區(qu)(qu)(qu)干渠屬(shu)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)縣(xian)受益的部分劃(hua)歸(gui)該(gai)縣(xian)直(zhi)接主管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)在業務上進行指導，這樣有利(li)于(yu)調動地方修渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的積極性。 -
水(shui)(shui)庫從初建、續建到1970年(nian)基本竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，遺留下(xia)的(de)尾巴(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)很大，"北(bei)干(gan)"尚未(wei)通水(shui)(shui)，"南干(gan)"配套(tao)不全，"澧干(gan)"沒有(you)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，大壩觀測設施未(wei)建，因此(ci)二十多年(nian)的(de)運用(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)是個邊(bian)管(guan)理、邊(bian)配套(tao)、邊(bian)建設、邊(bian)發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益的(de)過程(cheng)(cheng)。為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高防洪標準和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量，更好地(di)(di)發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益.在管(guan)理期(qi)間進行了(le)整(zheng)險(xian)加(jia)固設計(ji)與施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)禁腳和保護范圍，地(di)(di)方政府(fu)也十分(fen)關(guan)心(xin)和支持，分(fen)別(bie)以松會水(shui)(shui)字(zi)[1966]144號和松革(ge)水(shui)(shui)字(zi)[1971]113號文作(zuo)了(le)明確規定，為(wei)(wei)管(guan)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)創(chuang)造了(le)有(you)利條件。
管理局對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)的監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)十分重視(shi)，在接(jie)受(shou)管理任務后(hou)及時(shi)建起(qi)了大壩(ba)的沉陷、位移、滲(shen)(shen)漏等觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)施(shi)，并建立專班進(jin)行(xing)觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，編寫了大量資料，為整險加固設(she)計提供了可靠的依據。在加固中又建起(qi)了浸(jin)潤線和(he)壩(ba)基滲(shen)(shen)漏等觀(guan)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)施(shi)，這(zhe)些監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)設(she)施(shi)的建立與(yu)操作，對(dui)工(gong)程(cheng)管理發揮了極為有(you)效(xiao)的作用。同時(shi)，為清除(chu)壩(ba)身隱患，組織專班開展了防治白蟻的工(gong)作。
洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫汛期調度(du)(du)(du)權限由(you)地(di)區防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)汛指揮部統一掌握(wo)，為(wei)加(jia)強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)汛工(gong)作的(de)(de)領導，地(di)委(wei)每年(nian)(nian)委(wei)托松滋縣委(wei)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要負(fu)(fu)責(ze)人(ren)擔(dan)任指揮長。在運用(yong)初(chu)期，由(you)于(yu)(yu)多種原因，規定汛限水(shui)位(wei)為(wei)90米(mi)(mi)(設(she)計92米(mi)(mi))，1980年(nian)(nian)加(jia)固竣工(gong)后(hou)，提高(gao)到93米(mi)(mi)，經(jing)1983年(nian)(nian)大洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)和(he)93米(mi)(mi)以上水(shui)位(wei)43天的(de)(de)考(kao)驗，工(gong)程是安全的(de)(de)，但對下游(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)調度(du)(du)(du)余地(di)小，因此正式確定按92米(mi)(mi)運行。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)通訊監測(ce)手(shou)段的(de)(de)提高(gao)，視天氣情(qing)況，允許浮動0.5米(mi)(mi)。為(wei)做(zuo)好(hao)調度(du)(du)(du)運用(yong)工(gong)作，管(guan)理(li)(li)局從擔(dan)負(fu)(fu)管(guan)理(li)(li)職責(ze)開(kai)始(shi)，即(ji)著手(shou)開(kai)展(zhan)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)預報，編制調度(du)(du)(du)方案(an)，先后(hou)在庫區上游(you)建(jian)立了(le)觀(guan)測(ce)站(zhan)網和(he)通訊聯系網絡，近(jin)年(nian)(nian)又將無線電傳遞改為(wei)自動遙測(ce)系統，大大提高(gao)了(le)監控(kong)功(gong)能。并根據多年(nian)(nian)探索本流域(yu)的(de)(de)降水(shui)規律，總結(jie)出(chu)了(le)"低(di)水(shui)迎汛，中水(shui)保灌，高(gao)水(shui)越冬(dong)"的(de)(de)調度(du)(du)(du)原則，極大地(di)提高(gao)了(le)灌溉和(he)發(fa)電的(de)(de)保證率，以及防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)洪(hong)(hong)錯峰的(de)(de)綜(zong)合效益。
農(nong)田灌(guan)溉是洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的主要任(ren)務，受(shou)益初期，因(yin)工程配(pei)套(tao)(tao)不全，加(jia)之(zhi)"吃大(da)鍋飯，喝大(da)鍋水(shui)(shui)(shui)"，從育(yu)秧開始到晚稻收(shou)割(ge)，年(nian)(nian)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)在135天以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)2.5億立方米左右，最高(gao)(gao)達3.36億立方米。這樣無節制地(di)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅浪費(fei)大(da)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源，也使(shi)部分農(nong)田冷浸受(shou)害(hai)，還出現1972年(nian)(nian)、1974年(nian)(nian)在庫內抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)，耗資40萬(wan)元的情況。為此，管理(li)單位在灌(guan)區進行了(le)大(da)量(liang)(liang)工程配(pei)套(tao)(tao)，并借鑒外地(di)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)收(shou)費(fei)經驗，結合洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)際，制訂了(le)各項管理(li)規(gui)章，從1982年(nian)(nian)開始全灌(guan)區實(shi)行"按田配(pei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)收(shou)費(fei)"。隨著(zhu)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)費(fei)制度改革和渠道配(pei)套(tao)(tao)不斷完善提高(gao)(gao)，使(shi)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)大(da)大(da)減少，年(nian)(nian)均(jun)在1.5億立方米以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，這樣每(mei)年(nian)(nian)可增加(jia)發(fa)電量(liang)(liang)1000千(qian)瓦時(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，既提高(gao)(gao)了(le)灌(guan)溉保(bao)證率(lv)，又增加(jia)了(le)管理(li)單位的經濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)。
為保(bao)證工程的(de)(de)完(wan)整與常(chang)(chang)新，本著"功在平(ping)日(ri)，貴(gui)在堅持(chi)"的(de)(de)原(yuan)則，管理(li)(li)局對工程進行(xing)了精心管理(li)(li)，采取年歲修(xiu)、季小修(xiu)、月維(wei)修(xiu)以及隨壞隨修(xiu)的(de)(de)方式，不斷(duan)進行(xing)整治保(bao)養提高。并規定(ding)達到壩(ba)面(mian)無(wu)坑洼(wa)，背坡(po)無(wu)雜(za)草，護坡(po)無(wu)散石，溝道無(wu)阻塞，設(she)備(bei)完(wan)好，運用靈活，面(mian)貌常(chang)(chang)新等多種目標要求(qiu)，進而完(wan)善提高為全(quan)面(mian)目標管理(li)(li)責任制，有(you)效(xiao)地(di)提高了管理(li)(li)工作水平(ping)。
水(shui)力發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是水(shui)庫功能的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組(zu)成部分(fen)，施(shi)工(gong)期(qi)間僅裝(zhuang)機3臺(tai)(tai)，容(rong)量(liang)9200千(qian)瓦(wa)，于1970年(nian)4月相(xiang)繼投入運行(xing)，1976年(nian)自籌資金110萬元，安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)了第4臺(tai)(tai)機組(zu)，容(rong)量(liang)3200千(qian)瓦(wa)。水(shui)庫管理局(ju)依據保安(an)(an)(an)全、保農灌、兼顧防(fang)洪，爭取多發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和效(xiao)益服(fu)從安(an)(an)(an)全的(de)(de)原則，精心調度。現年(nian)均發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)已近(jin)4000千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)。為(wei)照顧地(di)(di)方(fang)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，早在1971年(nian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站運行(xing)不久，經(jing)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)力廳趙(zhao)墨軒副廳長同意，為(wei)解決(jue)西齋(zhai)、大(da)巖(yan)咀兩鄉鎮的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題，開始架臨時(shi)(shi)線路，并用(yong)200千(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)變壓器，解決(jue)照明(ming)，逐步(bu)發(fa)(fa)展為(wei)西齋(zhai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所，現有(you)(you)(you)35千(qian)伏變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站一座，容(rong)量(liang)8000千(qian)伏安(an)(an)(an)，還有(you)(you)(you)大(da)巖(yan)咀、豹子嶺兩處開關站，年(nian)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)3000萬千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)(shi)以上，占發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)80%，形(xing)成了發(fa)(fa)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一條龍，有(you)(you)(you)力地(di)(di)支(zhi)持(chi)了地(di)(di)方(fang)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，也增強了自身經(jing)濟活力。
在搞好工(gong)程管理，確(que)保工(gong)程安(an)全的(de)前提(ti)下，充分(fen)利用水、土、電(dian)的(de)資源優勢，堅持以(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)經濟為中(zhong)心，本著鞏固發(fa)供(gong)電(dian)支柱(zhu)，增(zeng)強種養(yang)業(ye)基礎，加快第(di)三產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)指導思想，開發(fa)了農供(gong)水、發(fa)供(gong)電(dian)、工(gong)加建、種養(yang)飲、商(shang)貿游(you)等多門路(lu)的(de)經營生產(chan)，使自身效益不(bu)斷提(ti)高，由1980年(nian)的(de)年(nian)產(chan)值344萬元逐(zhu)步增(zeng)加到1995年(nian)的(de)2380萬元。
在抓物質(zhi)文明建設(she)的同(tong)時(shi)，始終堅持抓精(jing)神文明建設(she)，加強(qiang)和(he)(he)完善黨的領導，注重領導班子自身建設(she)，注意加強(qiang)思想政治工作。不斷(duan)深化(hua)內部經營(ying)機制改革，建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)各項行(xing)為(wei)規范，增強(qiang)凝聚(ju)(ju)力和(he)(he)責任(ren)感，促進(jin)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)進(jin)步。由于出色的管(guan)理工作，《中國(guo)水利報(bao)》曾以"凝聚(ju)(ju)力、責任(ren)制、好氛圍"為(wei)題報(bao)道了洈水水庫(ku)。管(guan)理局先(xian)(xian)后被水利部評為(wei)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)管(guan)理單(dan)位(wei)、部一級(ji)管(guan)理單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)灌(guan)區、先(xian)(xian)進(jin)集體、省(sheng)(sheng)農業(ye)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)位(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)綠化(hua)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)位(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)農口(kou)系統先(xian)(xian)進(jin)水電站和(he)(he)地區綜合經營(ying)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單(dan)位(wei)、文明單(dan)位(wei)等(deng)，1986~1995年全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)大型水庫(ku)千分制四屆考評中連續四次評為(wei)第一名。
四
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)經營(ying)在經費由補差、自給到逐步走向良性(xing)循環的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，特別(bie)注重(zhong)發(fa)揮水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)效益(yi)和社會(hui)綜合效益(yi)。
水(shui)庫自1966年開(kai)灌(guan)近10萬畝農(nong)(nong)田受(shou)益以來，隨著工程的完善以及山荒(huang)面積的墾殖擴大，現(xian)灌(guan)溉農(nong)(nong)田已達(da)50萬畝，截至1994年底，共為灌(guan)區供水(shui)45.6億(yi)立方米，以起灌(guan)為基數，累計因(yin)水(shui)利作(zuo)用(yong)增產糧食23億(yi)公斤(jin)。
水庫(ku)在(zai)(zai)汛期發(fa)揮(hui)了(le)應(ying)有防洪作用，自1970年(nian)至(zhi)今共為下游(you)調蓄(xu)流量(liang)在(zai)(zai)1000立方米每秒以上的(de)洪峰(feng)18次，其(qi)中(zhong)超過(guo)2000立方米每秒流量(liang)5次，保護了(le)下游(you)松滋、公安兩縣25萬(wan)人(ren)口和近30萬(wan)畝(mu)農田的(de)安全，特(te)別是在(zai)(zai)1983年(nian)、1991~1995年(nian)三次大(da)的(de)洪水中(zhong)，為下游(you)減(jian)少直接經濟損失(shi)在(zai)(zai)2億元以上，并減(jian)輕了(le)對松西河的(de)洪水威脅。
水庫電站自1970年投(tou)入(ru)運行(xing)以來，累計發電量8.8億千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)，年均發電量在3500萬千(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)左右，為(wei)工農業生產提供了(le)(le)有效的電能，創造了(le)(le)良好的社會效益。同時(shi)，還利用發電尾水在七里廟(miao)、芭(ba)芒灘建了(le)(le)兩座(zuo)總裝機6臺、容(rong)量3900千(qian)瓦(wa)的發電站。
水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)水(shui)面和荒(huang)山禿嶺(ling)，自(zi)建(jian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)以(yi)來也(ye)在逐漸被開發利用，庫(ku)(ku)(ku)區已栽植用材林4萬(wan)多畝，其中(zhong)柑桔(jie)面積(ji)9000畝。90%以(yi)上(shang)面積(ji)已披上(shang)綠裝，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理(li)面積(ji)造(zao)林已達(da)l00%。年產柑桔(jie)可達(da)200萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)以(yi)上(shang)(水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)40萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin))，其他水(shui)果50萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)左右，捕撈成魚30萬(wan)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)以(yi)上(shang)。不僅(jin)創造(zao)了良(liang)好的(de)經(jing)濟效益，也(ye)改善(shan)了生態環境。
庫區山青水(shui)(shui)秀，氣候宜人，優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)氣候，恬(tian)靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境和遼(liao)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)、奇特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞(dong)群，以及其他人文景觀，融為(wei)一體，吸(xi)引了(le)不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中外游客前來洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫考(kao)察、參觀旅游。水(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然景色只要進行必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妝點(dian)，將(jiang)更添風采。目前，一個洈水(shui)(shui)旅游熱(re)點(dian)正在(zai)逐步形成。灌區人民在(zai)各(ge)級(ji)黨(dang)委和政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)和關懷下，經過(guo)(guo)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力，使過(guo)(guo)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)子、旱包子、蟲(chong)窩(wo)子(血吸(xi)蟲(chong))"貧困落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)貌(mao)發生了(le)根本(ben)變化，正在(zai)奔向(xiang)小(xiao)康(kang)之路(lu)。廣大群眾說:我(wo)們現在(zai)是喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)，吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洈水(shui)(shui)糧，過(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)日子，享的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共產黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福。
洈(wei)水水庫(ku)(ku)還存在(zai)若干(gan)需要解決的(de)(de)問題:一是(shi)樞(shu)紐上(shang)(shang)游的(de)(de)植(zhi)被雖然(ran)有(you)所(suo)改善，但淤積仍很嚴重(zhong)，影(ying)響了有(you)效(xiao)水量，需要進一步(bu)做(zuo)好上(shang)(shang)游的(de)(de)水土保持工(gong)作;二是(shi)上(shang)(shang)下游防(fang)洪標(biao)準的(de)(de)差距很大，下游河道堤(di)防(fang)很不(bu)適應水庫(ku)(ku)防(fang)洪要求，需要加做(zuo)工(gong)程(cheng)提高標(biao)準;三(san)是(shi)灌(guan)區(qu)配(pei)套(tao)還不(bu)十分完(wan)善，已配(pei)套(tao)工(gong)程(cheng)標(biao)準偏低，老(lao)化程(cheng)度日趨(qu)嚴重(zhong)，勢必影(ying)響農灌(guan)效(xiao)益(yi)，還有(you)大量的(de)(de)工(gong)作要做(zuo);四(si)是(shi)隨(sui)著工(gong)農業生產發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，上(shang)(shang)游各個地方的(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)與防(fang)止水資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)污染(ran)的(de)(de)矛盾(dun)將有(you)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，保護水資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)工(gong)作會更加艱巨。
縱觀洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的發展，潛力很(hen)大(da)，前景廣闊.只(zhi)要繼續發揚"團結(jie)奮(fen)進(jin)、改(gai)革創新、科學管(guan)理、實干興庫(ku)"的洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)精神，沿著(zhu)水(shui)(shui)、農、工、商、游(you)的格局奮(fen)力拼(pin)搏，闊步(bu)前進(jin)，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)必將發揮更(geng)好的綜合效益，為社會(hui)主義現代化建設作出更(geng)大(da)的貢獻。
歲月靜好 
