工程簡介
喀什塔(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)縣興建(jian)的(de)下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)2001年國務院批準的(de)《塔(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)河(he)流域(yu)近期(qi)(qi)綜合治理規(gui)劃(hua)》中確定的(de)唯一(yi)山區水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),屬國家、新疆維吾爾自治區重點工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設項目(mu),位(wei)于塔(ta)里(li)(li)木(mu)(mu)河(he)水(shui)(shui)系葉爾羌河(he)支流塔(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)河(he)的(de)中下(xia)游。工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)壩址(zhi)距(ju)塔(ta)什庫(ku)爾干(gan)縣城(cheng)45公里(li)(li)、距(ju)烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊1815公里(li)(li)。下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總工(gong)期(qi)(qi)為55個月。其中:施(shi)(shi)工(gong)準備期(qi)(qi)18個月,主體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)24.5個月(2007年9月大壩實現(xian)截流,2009年10月第一(yi)臺機(ji)組(zu)發電),工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)建(jian)期(qi)(qi)限12.5個月。
基礎設施
下(xia)坂(ban)地水利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)位于新(xin)疆塔(ta)(ta)里(li)木河(he)源(yuan)流葉爾(er)羌(qiang)河(he)主要(yao)支流之一的塔(ta)(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干(gan)河(he)中下(xia)游。樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地處喀(ka)(ka)什(shen)地區塔(ta)(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干(gan)塔(ta)(ta)吉克自(zi)治縣(xian)班迪爾(er)鄉境內,距(ju)塔(ta)(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干(gan)塔(ta)(ta)吉克自(zi)治縣(xian)45km,距(ju)喀(ka)(ka)什(shen)市315km。從喀(ka)(ka)什(shen)市到塔(ta)(ta)什(shen)庫(ku)爾(er)干(gan)縣(xian)有(you)314國(guo)道(dao)通(tong)過,為(wei)樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)對外交通(tong)道(dao)路,從工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)壩址至314國(guo)道(dao)。該(gai)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)任務是以(yi)生態補水及春旱供(gong)水為(wei)主,結合發(fa)電的綜合性Ⅱ等大型(xing)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。水庫(ku)正常擋水位2960m,總庫(ku)容8.67億m3,電站總裝機150MW。樞(shu)紐(niu)建筑物由(you)攔河(he)壩、導(dao)流泄洪洞、引水發(fa)電洞和(he)電站廠房四部(bu)分組成。
新(xin)疆(jiang)下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)平均(jun)海拔高(gao)(gao)度(du)3050米(mi)(mi),工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總庫容8.67億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi),電站裝機(3×50MW)150Mw,平均(jun)發(fa)電量4.644億(yi)Kw.h;該工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)(ke)防御洪水(shui)標(biao)準為(wei)(wei)100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇,大(da)壩(ba)地(di)震設(she)防標(biao)準為(wei)(wei)8.5度(du)。下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)興建(jian),可(ke)(ke)替代塔(ta)河(he)下(xia)游16座平原水(shui)庫蓄水(shui),并能滿足葉河(he)向塔(ta)河(he)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)輸水(shui)并使農田灌區提高(gao)(gao),緩解喀什、克州的(de)嚴重缺(que)電問(wen)題,對(dui)促進(jin)地(di)區經濟(ji)和社會(hui)發(fa)展,穩(wen)(wen)固邊疆(jiang)政治(zhi)和社會(hui)穩(wen)(wen)定方面都具有十分重要和深遠的(de)意義(yi)。下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)自2005年(nian)(nian)開始建(jian)設(she)以來,擔任(ren)施工(gong)任(ren)務的(de)葛洲壩(ba)集團(tuan)、新(xin)工(gong)集團(tuan)等(deng)10多(duo)(duo)家單位工(gong)作人員克服高(gao)(gao)寒缺(que)氧和風沙肆(si)虐等(deng)困難,先后(hou)突(tu)破地(di)質結構(gou)復雜、高(gao)(gao)邊坡、深度(du)覆蓋層等(deng)技術(shu)難題,使工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)得以順利進(jin)行。一(yi)期工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)難度(du)最(zui)大(da)的(de)高(gao)(gao)7米(mi)(mi)、寬8.5米(mi)(mi)、全(quan)(quan)長1425.85米(mi)(mi)的(de)導流泄洪洞已竣工(gong);豎井正在(zai)進(jin)行最(zui)后(hou)的(de)緊張封頂;在(zai)406米(mi)(mi)長的(de)大(da)壩(ba)壩(ba)基上,葛洲壩(ba)集團(tuan)的(de)45臺深度(du)鉆機正在(zai)向地(di)下(xia)150米(mi)(mi)的(de)基巖層進(jin)行帷(wei)幕灌漿;全(quan)(quan)長35公里的(de)左岸(an)對(dui)外交通道路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已進(jin)入到最(zui)后(hou)瀝(li)青處理階段,計劃10月底完工(gong)。
防洪設施
大壩(ba)基(ji)礎防(fang)滲(shen)采(cai)用(yong)“覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)墻(qiang)下幕和基(ji)巖帷(wei)幕灌漿(jiang)”綜合(he)處理方案(an),合(he)同和以往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)項(xiang)目比(bi)較有(you)(you)以下特點:①施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案(an)特殊:由于(yu)冰磧砂礫(li)石覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)厚(hou)達150m,所以在(zai)(zai)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)中采(cai)用(yong)了上(shang)部深85m,厚(hou)1m的(de)(de)(de)混凝土防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)下接4排灌漿(jiang)帷(wei)幕來全(quan)部截斷覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)滲(shen)流(liu)(liu)防(fang)滲(shen)方案(an);由于(yu)基(ji)巖強風化帶厚(hou),節理裂(lie)隙發(fa)育,左岸防(fang)滲(shen)帷(wei)幕采(cai)用(yong)3排灌漿(jiang)孔,右(you)岸帷(wei)幕為單排孔。②地(di)質條件復雜:冰磧砂礫(li)石覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)中含山(shan)體崩落體,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)沖積物交錯沉積,大小不一(yi),最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)達到10m以上(shang);兩(liang)岸山(shan)體風化帶厚(hou),風化裂(lie)隙嚴重;地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透系(xi)數大,平均滲(shen)透系(xi)數在(zai)(zai)10-1~10-2。③施(shi)(shi)工(gong)條件惡劣:由于(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)區海拔高程2900,兩(liang)岸山(shan)體常年積雪,且無植(zhi)被,十分缺(que)氧;夏季泥石流(liu)(liu)時有(you)(you)發(fa)生;整(zheng)夜(ye)風沙不停;施(shi)(shi)工(gong)區夏天只(zhi)有(you)(you)半天的(de)(de)(de)日曬時間;每年10月底就(jiu)進入寒(han)冷(leng)的(de)(de)(de)冬季。④施(shi)(shi)工(gong)資(zi)源調(diao)集(ji)困難(nan):由于(yu)工(gong)程地(di)處偏遠地(di)區,周(zhou)邊城鎮幾(ji)乎無任何資(zi)源可調(diao),350km以外的(de)(de)(de)喀什(shen)資(zi)源也極為有(you)(you)限(xian)。⑤施(shi)(shi)工(gong)場地(di)狹窄,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)干擾(rao)大:整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)河(he)(he)谷軸線長370m,左右(you)兩(liang)岸有(you)(you)高邊坡開挖、導(dao)流(liu)(liu)洞和引水(shui)隧洞開挖,河(he)(he)床防(fang)滲(shen)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)又(you)分為左右(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)標段,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)干擾(rao)大。
經濟效益
下坂地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是塔里木河(he)(he)流域(yu)綜合(he)治理項目之一,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程以春(chun)季(ji)早供(gong)水(shui)、生態補(bu)水(shui)、發(fa)電等為建設(she)目標。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建成后,總庫容量可達8.67億立方米,將在很(hen)大程度上改變葉爾(er)羌河(he)(he)流域(yu)“春(chun)旱、夏(xia)洪(hong)、秋缺、冬枯(ku)”的(de)(de)狀況(kuang)。這工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)區域(yu)海拔高,高地(di)震烈(lie)度、高邊(bian)坡處理、深覆蓋層等復雜(za)的(de)(de)地(di)質地(di)貌結構(gou)中國罕見,施工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件艱苦(ku),技術(shu)要求高。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程匯(hui)集了來(lai)自(zi)全(quan)國各地(di)的(de)(de)優秀水(shui)利(li)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍(wu)。自(zi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程開工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設(she)以來(lai),建設(she)者們發(fa)揚“艱苦(ku)不怕苦(ku)、缺氧不缺志氣(qi)”的(de)(de)精神,保證了各項工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)按時完工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
工程總量
下坂地水(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是國務院(yuan)批(pi)復的《塔(ta)里(li)木(mu)河(he)(he)流(liu)域(yu)近期綜合(he)治理規劃報告》中確(que)定的唯一(yi)的一(yi)座大型山(shan)區(qu)水(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。它位于(yu)新疆喀(ka)什(shen)地區(qu)葉爾(er)羌(qiang)河(he)(he)主要(yao)支流(liu)之一(yi)的塔(ta)什(shen)庫爾(er)干(gan)河(he)(he)中游,是以生態補(bu)水(shui)、春旱(han)供水(shui)為主,結合(he)發(fa)電的綜合(he)性水(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),是造福喀(ka)、克兩地州400萬(wan)各族(zu)人(ren)民的富民工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。項目經過喀(ka)什(shen)地委、行署五(wu)屆領(ling)導班子(zi)、兩代水(shui)利(li)(li)人(ren),二(er)十多年的不懈(xie)努(nu)力,于(yu)2005年12月經國家批(pi)準(zhun)立(li)項建設。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總投資18.06 億元,總庫容 8.67 億立(li)方米,電機裝機15 萬(wan)千瓦。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要(yao)建筑物有攔河(he)(he)閘、導流(liu)泄(xie)洪洞(dong)(dong)、引水(shui)發(fa)電洞(dong)(dong)、電站廠(chang)房組成。
下設分站
辛(xin)迪中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)站址位于下坂地(di)管理站二級(ji)臺(tai)地(di),出露地(di)層(ceng)(ceng)均為第四系(xi)沖洪積物,上部巖性為砂壤(rang)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng),灰(hui)黃色,較(jiao)疏松,含植物根(gen)系(xi),具水(shui)平層(ceng)(ceng)理,厚度1.5~2.5M;下部巖性為卵石層(ceng)(ceng),中(zhong)(zhong)密,次圓~渾圓狀,粒徑一般5~12CM,礫石、砂土(tu)充填,土(tu)含量相對較(jiao)高,成份(fen)由角閃(shan)片麻(ma)巖及角閃(shan)斜長片巖組(zu)成,厚度大于15M。地(di)下水(shui)位埋(mai)深不詳。
布達爾水(shui)(shui)文站址位于(yu)(yu)塔什(shen)庫爾干河右岸河漫灘,出露地(di)層均(jun)為(wei)(wei)第四系統沖洪(hong)積物(wu),上(shang)部巖(yan)性(xing)為(wei)(wei)砂壤土層,灰(hui)黃色(se),疏松,含植物(wu)根系,厚度0.3~0.5M;下(xia)部巖(yan)性(xing)為(wei)(wei)卵石(shi)層,灰(hui)白色(se),中密,渾圓狀,分選性(xing)較好,粒(li)徑一般6~10CM,最大15~20CM,含量(liang)約占65%,礫(li)石(shi)、砂土充填,成份以(yi)砂巖(yan)、大理(li)巖(yan)、灰(hui)巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),厚度大于(yu)(yu)10M。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)位埋深5~6M。
伊(yi)爾(er)列黑水文站(zhan)位于塔什庫爾(er)干河左(zuo)岸河漫灘,出露地(di)層均為(wei)第四系(xi)沖洪積物,巖性:上部為(wei)卵(luan)石(shi)層,灰(hui)白色,中(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)(mi),次圓(yuan)(yuan)~渾圓(yuan)(yuan)狀,粒(li)徑一(yi)(yi)般6~15CM,含(han)(han)量約占(zhan)(zhan)58%,含(han)(han)漂(piao)石(shi),最大(da)粒(li)徑20~40CM,角(jiao)礫、砂(sha)土充填(tian),成(cheng)份(fen)以角(jiao)閃片(pian)(pian)麻(ma)巖、片(pian)(pian)巖為(wei)主(zhu),厚(hou)(hou)4~5M;中(zhong)(zhong)部為(wei)角(jiao)礫層,灰(hui)白色,中(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)(mi),棱角(jiao)狀、片(pian)(pian)狀,粒(li)徑一(yi)(yi)般1~2CM,含(han)(han)量約占(zhan)(zhan)70%,局部含(han)(han)碎石(shi),砂(sha)土充填(tian),成(cheng)份(fen)以片(pian)(pian)巖為(wei)主(zhu),厚(hou)(hou)度(du)0.3~0.8M;下部為(wei)卵(luan)石(shi)層,灰(hui)白色,中(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)(mi),次渾圓(yuan)(yuan)狀,粒(li)徑一(yi)(yi)般6~10CM,含(han)(han)量約占(zhan)(zhan)73%,含(han)(han)漂(piao)石(shi),最大(da)粒(li)徑20~40CM,成(cheng)份(fen)以角(jiao)閃片(pian)(pian)麻(ma)巖、片(pian)(pian)巖為(wei)主(zhu),厚(hou)(hou)度(du)大(da)于10M。地(di)下水位埋(mai)深4.5~5M。
投入運營
新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)塔里木河流(liu)域近期(qi)(qi)綜合治(zhi)理(li)項目(mu)中唯一的山區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),也是(shi)自治(zhi)區重點(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于2005年(nian)12月(yue)獲國家批準建設,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概算(suan)總投(tou)資(zi)18.06億(yi)元,總庫容量8.67億(yi)立方米(mi),電站裝機容量15萬千(qian)瓦時,2005年(nian)5月(yue)完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)四(si)通(tong)一平工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,2005年(nian)7月(yue)16日工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)奠基,2007年(nian)9月(yue)26日完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)截流(liu)。新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)2500多名(ming)建設者,克(ke)服海拔(ba)高,缺氧,地(di)質條件(jian)復雜的不利因(yin)素和諸多困難,晝夜施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),確保了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)如期(qi)(qi)推(tui)進。截止(zhi)目(mu)前(qian),完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)資(zi)金16.33億(yi)元,完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設任務的90%。
新(xin)疆下坂地(di)水利樞紐工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)管局(ju)副局(ju)長說:我(wo)們(men)(men)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)困難(nan),因為(wei)它是高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)地(di)區,所以(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方缺氧,第二個(ge),我(wo)們(men)(men)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方具有三高(gao)(gao)一深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian),三高(gao)(gao)主要是高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔、高(gao)(gao)邊坡、高(gao)(gao)地(di)震裂度(du),一深(shen)是我(wo)們(men)(men)大(da)壩(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一塊的(de)(de)(de)基礎覆蓋(gai)層深(shen)度(du)150米,處理起來也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)困難(nan),在技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)上講,高(gao)(gao)邊坡處理起來也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)困難(nan),再加(jia)(jia)上工(gong)(gong)期(qi)非(fei)常(chang)緊(jin)張,有效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)期(qi)比較(jiao)短(duan),高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)地(di)區嘛,所以(yi)大(da)家在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過程中,加(jia)(jia)班加(jia)(jia)點(dian),在廣大(da)建(jian)設者們(men)(men)付出(chu)了非(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力,也(ye)付出(chu)了非(fei)常(chang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)艱辛,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)終于迎來了咱(zan)們(men)(men)首臺(tai)機組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)。
下班地水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工程(cheng)首臺(tai)機(ji)組的發電(dian)運營,對塔什庫爾干(gan)縣經濟社會發展也(ye)將起到積(ji)極的促進作用。
塔(ta)什庫爾干(gan)塔(ta)吉克(ke)自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委書記(ji)臧愛武同期聲:下班地(di)水利樞紐工(gong)程,首臺機(ji)組(zu)發電將會緩解我(wo)們(men)工(gong)業用電緊張的(de)問(wen)題,等今年110變電所的(de)建(jian)(jian)設開工(gong)到明(ming)年年初建(jian)(jian)成,將從(cong)根本上解決(jue)我(wo)們(men)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)工(gong)業發展(zhan)電力不足的(de)問(wen)題,將為塔(ta)什庫爾干(gan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)現跨(kua)越式發展(zhan)和長(chang)治久安奠定一定得基礎。