芒果视频

基本信息

棉花(hua)灘(tan)水(shui)電站年發(fa)電量15.2億(yi)kW·h，工程以發(fa)電為(wei)主(zhu)，兼有防洪、航運、水(shui)產養(yang)殖功(gong)能(neng)。

水庫(ku)淹沒耕地2150公頃(qing)，遷(qian)移(yi)人口38000余人。工(gong)(gong)程于(yu)1997年(nian)(nian)開工(gong)(gong)，計(ji)劃2001年(nian)(nian)4月第(di)一(yi)臺機組發電，2002年(nian)(nian)2月全部竣工(gong)(gong)。　壩址兩岸山(shan)體雄(xiong)厚，河谷基(ji)本對稱，呈"V"字型(xing)，坡度(du)25°～45°。基(ji)巖為黑云(yun)母花崗巖，雖有斷層和破碎帶發育，但無大的不利構造，且膠(jiao)結較好。壩址區(qu)(qu)處于(yu)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)地質構造相對穩定區(qu)(qu)，庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)不存在水庫(ku)滲漏和大規模(mo)庫(ku)岸失穩問(wen)題。　壩址以(yi)上控(kong)制流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積7907平方(fang)公里(li)，水庫(ku)正常蓄水位173.0m，死(si)水位146.0m，調節庫(ku)容(rong)11.22億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，校核(he)洪水位177.8m，相應的總庫(ku)容(rong)20.35億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。多年(nian)(nian)平均徑(jing)流(liu)量73.2億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，壩址多年(nian)(nian)平均流(liu)量232立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。流(liu)域(yu)內(nei)年(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)量1657mm。

發展

公(gong)司(si)實行董事會領(ling)導(dao)下(xia)的總經(jing)理(li)負責(ze)制，法(fa)人治(zhi)理(li)結構健全。公(gong)司(si)定(ding)員85人，其中(zhong)大專以上學歷55人，具(ju)有(you)高級職稱8人，領(ling)導(dao)班子(zi)5人。公(gong)司(si)下(xia)設(she)“四部(bu)”，綜合管(guan)理(li)部(bu)、生產部(bu)、財務經(jing)營部(bu)、工程技術(shu)部(bu)，是一個機構精簡、人員精干的集水電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發建設(she)和生產運行管(guan)理(li)于一體的大型電(dian)(dian)力(li)企業。

公(gong)司(si)依照《公(gong)司(si)法》規范運作，合法經營，從嚴治企(qi)。一手(shou)抓棉花(hua)灘水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)的生產經營，一手(shou)抓白(bai)沙水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)的開發建設。狠抓資產經營、安(an)全生產、黨風廉政建設三(san)大安(an)全，取得了良好的社會效(xiao)益與企(qi)業經濟效(xiao)益。

棉花(hua)灘水電站于1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)開(kai)工(gong)，當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就(jiu)實現(xian)了(le)大江截流；1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)僅(jin)用16.5個(ge)月(yue)地下廠房(fang)開(kai)挖的全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)新記(ji)錄；2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)18日實現(xian)了(le)大壩下閘蓄水；2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)，開(kai)工(gong)僅(jin)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)間首臺機組就(jiu)投產發電；同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)，4臺機組全(quan)部建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)投產；隨后在不到半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的時(shi)間里完成(cheng)了(le)尾工(gong)和(he)消缺工(gong)作，于2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)通過(guo)國(guo)家電力公(gong)司的檢(jian)查(cha)驗收，在全(quan)國(guo)所有的水電站建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程中第一個(ge)獲得了(le)國(guo)家電力公(gong)司頒發的“基(ji)建(jian)(jian)移交生產達標投產工(gong)程”稱(cheng)號。創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)水電站建(jian)(jian)設(she)工(gong)程中投資省、質量高、進(jin)度快三項(xiang)先進(jin)記(ji)錄。截止到2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)31日，電站已(yi)累(lei)計發電36.3億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，創(chuang)連續(xu)安全(quan)運(yun)行(xing)1146天(tian)。公(gong)司滾(gun)動開(kai)發的白沙水電站“可研”已(yi)于2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)獲福建(jian)(jian)省計委(wei)批準(zhun),現(xian)已(yi)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，計劃2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下半年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)投產發電。

取得成績

公司(si)曾先(xian)后多次獲得省(sheng)重點建(jian)(jian)設項目(mu)“先(xian)進單位(wei)”，福建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府“重點項目(mu)優(you)勝獎”等榮譽，先(xian)后有5名職工被授予“重點項目(mu)建(jian)(jian)設功臣”，省(sheng)總工會(hui)(hui)同時授予他們(men)省(sheng)“五·一”勞動獎章。此外，獲得地（廳）級以上獎勵的(de)(de)(de)職工還有79人(ren)次。 　公司(si)將在董事會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)領導下，發(fa)揚“誠信、高效、創(chuang)新(xin)、協作、守(shou)則”的(de)(de)(de)企業精神，堅(jian)持安全第一的(de)(de)(de)方針，在繼承、發(fa)揚工程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設中創(chuang)造的(de)(de)(de)優(you)異成績的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，進一步(bu)加強管理，大膽創(chuang)新(xin)，積極參(can)與(yu)電力市場競爭(zheng)和水電項目(mu)開發(fa)，以優(you)異的(de)(de)(de)業績回(hui)報股(gu)東(dong)、回(hui)報社會(hui)(hui)，為福建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)經濟和社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)做出積極的(de)(de)(de)貢獻。

樞紐布置

主要(yao)由攔河主壩、副壩、泄洪建(jian)筑物(wu)、左岸輸水發(fa)電系統、開(kai)關站等建(jian)筑物(wu)組(zu)成。

攔河主壩(ba)為碾壓(ya)混凝土重力壩(ba)，壩(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程179.0m，最大壩(ba)高(gao)111m，壩(ba)頂(ding)總(zong)長300m，壩(ba)頂(ding)寬7m，最大壩(ba)底寬84.5m。

壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)120.0m高(gao)(gao)程以下(xia)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)采用(yong)R?180150碾壓混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，120.0m高(gao)(gao)程以上部(bu)位(wei)(wei)采用(yong)R?180100碾壓混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，基礎部(bu)位(wei)(wei)設(she)1m厚的R?90200常態混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)墊層(ceng)，溢(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)采用(yong)厚3m左(zuo)右的R?90250常態混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)，溢(yi)(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道和(he)(he)底(di)(di)(di)孔(kong)閘墩均采用(yong)預應力錨索結構和(he)(he)R?28300常態混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)。壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)上游(you)面(mian)(mian)(mian)采用(yong)R?180200二(er)級配碾壓混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)自身防滲形式(shi)。壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)不(bu)(bu)設(she)縱縫，由(you)5條橫縫分成6個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)(ba)段。其(qi)中3、4號壩(ba)(ba)段各寬(kuan)33m，位(wei)(wei)于主(zhu)河槽，為溢(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)段。設(she)開敞式(shi)溢(yi)(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道3孔(kong)，每孔(kong)凈寬(kuan)16.0m，堰頂高(gao)(gao)程155.0m，下(xia)游(you)壩(ba)(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坡(po)度(du)1∶0.75。壩(ba)(ba)頂溢(yi)(yi)(yi)洪(hong)道和(he)(he)泄水底(di)(di)(di)孔(kong)都采用(yong)收縮式(shi)消能(neng)工，能(neng)縱向拉開水舌，不(bu)(bu)直接沖刷岸坡(po)，不(bu)(bu)影響廠房(fang)尾(wei)水出流(liu)，達到(dao)較為理想的消能(neng)效果(guo)。其(qi)余(yu)分別為左(zuo)右岸非(fei)溢(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)段，壩(ba)(ba)段寬(kuan)為50～70m。非(fei)溢(yi)(yi)(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)上游(you)面(mian)(mian)(mian)垂直，下(xia)游(you)壩(ba)(ba)坡(po)1∶0.75。5號壩(ba)(ba)段設(she)泄洪(hong)并兼作放空水庫(ku)用(yong)的泄水底(di)(di)(di)孔(kong)1個(ge)(ge)，孔(kong)口尺寸5m×7.2m(寬(kuan)×高(gao)(gao))。

副壩(ba)設在主(zhu)壩(ba)北東5km處的湖洋(yang)里村埡口(kou)，最大壩(ba)高5.6m，壩(ba)頂長30m，為均質土壩(ba)。

左岸輸水(shui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由(you)進水(shui)口、引水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力鋼(gang)管(guan)、主(zhu)(zhu)廠房(fang)(fang)、主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室(shi)、母線洞(dong)(dong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜豎(shu)井、尾(wei)(wei)水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)等洞(dong)(dong)室(shi)群組(zu)成(cheng)。采用(yong)(yong)單(dan)機單(dan)洞(dong)(dong)引水(shui)，二機一尾(wei)(wei)洞(dong)(dong)出水(shui)。輸水(shui)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)最長(chang)管(guan)道(dao)743.8m，除(chu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力鋼(gang)管(guan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)外，引水(shui)和(he)尾(wei)(wei)水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)以及尾(wei)(wei)水(shui)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)的輸水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)都采用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)襯砌，廠房(fang)(fang)洞(dong)(dong)室(shi)群則采用(yong)(yong)錨桿掛鋼(gang)筋(jin)網噴混(hun)凝土(tu)支(zhi)護，主(zhu)(zhu)廠房(fang)(fang)和(he)尾(wei)(wei)水(shui)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)都采用(yong)(yong)岸壁吊車梁。進水(shui)口為岸塔式，位于壩前30～120m。前沿總寬(kuan)度(du)84m。4條引水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)，間距21m，直徑(jing)7.5m，由(you)上平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、豎(shu)井段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、下平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)組(zu)成(cheng)。上平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)和(he)下平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)的平(ping)(ping)面轉角97°，互相(xiang)(xiang)交錯布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)，使(shi)每條引水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)長(chang)度(du)基本相(xiang)(xiang)等。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力鋼(gang)管(guan)長(chang)35m，直徑(jing)5.4m。主(zhu)(zhu)廠房(fang)(fang)、主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室(shi)、尾(wei)(wei)水(shui)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室(shi)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)布(bu)(bu)置(zhi)。主(zhu)(zhu)廠房(fang)(fang)洞(dong)(dong)室(shi)長(chang)129.5m，寬(kuan)21.9m，高(gao)(gao)52.18m，安裝4臺(tai)混(hun)流式豎(shu)軸水(shui)輪發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu)。主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器室(shi)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)廠房(fang)(fang)凈距22m，洞(dong)(dong)室(shi)長(chang)97.35m，寬(kuan)16.0m，高(gao)(gao)14.8m，內設(she)兩臺(tai)220kV三相(xiang)(xiang)360MVA雙卷主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器。

開關站布(bu)置在左(zuo)岸大壩(ba)下(xia)游高(gao)程180.0m的上壩(ba)公路內側，為(wei)洞(dong)內式(長37m×寬13m×高(gao)15m)。

20t級的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)盤式斜面升船(chuan)機設置在右岸6號壩段，設計遠(yuan)景年過(guo)(guo)竹、木、雜(za)貨的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)壩量11.2萬t。

工程(cheng)主要工程(cheng)量土(tu)石方(fang)明挖153萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，石方(fang)洞挖60萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，常(chang)態混凝(ning)土(tu)35萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)，碾壓混凝(ning)土(tu)52萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。

歷史

1878年法(fa)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)成(cheng)世(shi)界第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。20世(shi)紀(ji)30年代后(hou)，水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)和裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)均有(you)很大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)。80年代末，世(shi)界上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些工(gong)業發(fa)達國(guo)(guo)家，如瑞士和法(fa)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)能(neng)資(zi)源已(yi)幾(ji)近全部開發(fa)。20世(shi)紀(ji)世(shi)界裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)巴(ba)西和巴(ba)拉圭(gui)合(he)建(jian)的(de)(de)伊(yi)泰(tai)普(pu)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)1260萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。世(shi)界第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)瑞士于(yu)(yu)1879年建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)勒頓抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。世(shi)界裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)1985年投(tou)產的(de)(de)美國(guo)(guo)巴(ba)斯(si)康蒂抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。世(shi)界第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座潮汐(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)(yu)1913年建(jian)于(yu)(yu)德(de)國(guo)(guo)北海之濱。最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)潮汐(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)法(fa)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)圣瑪珞(luo)灣的(de)(de)朗斯(si)潮汐(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)24萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。日本在(zai)1978年建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)海明號(hao)波(bo)浪(lang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)試驗船則是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界上(shang)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座大(da)型波(bo)能(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)大(da)陸最(zui)(zui)早(zao)建(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)云(yun)南省昆(kun)明市郊的(de)(de)石龍壩水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(1912) ，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)廠于(yu)(yu)1910年7月(yue)開工(gong)，1912年4月(yue)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，最(zui)(zui)初(chu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)480 kW。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)1988年竣工(gong)的(de)(de)湖(hu)北葛(ge)洲壩水(shui)(shui)利樞紐，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)271.5萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)1986年在(zai)浙江(jiang)省建(jian)成(cheng)試驗性的(de)(de)江(jiang)廈潮汐(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)3200千(qian)瓦(wa)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)廣州(zhou)抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)蓄(xu)(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)期工(gong)程裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)120萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，計(ji)劃在(zai)90年代完工(gong)。1994年已(yi)開工(gong)興建(jian)的(de)(de)三峽水(shui)(shui)利樞紐建(jian)成(cheng)后(hou)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)1786萬千(qian)瓦(wa)，到目前(qian)為(wei)止已(yi)經成(cheng)為(wei)世(shi)界上(shang)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。

類型

按水能來源分類

利(li)(li)用(yong)河(he)流、湖泊水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)(zhan)；利(li)(li)用(yong)電力負(fu)荷(he)低谷時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)至上水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，待電力負(fu)荷(he)高峰(feng)期再放水(shui)(shui)(shui)至下水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫發電的(de)(de)(de)抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)蓄能(neng)(neng)電站(zhan)(zhan)；利(li)(li)用(yong)海洋潮汐能(neng)(neng)發電的(de)(de)(de)潮汐電站(zhan)(zhan)；利(li)(li)用(yong)海洋波浪能(neng)(neng)發電的(de)(de)(de)

波浪能電站。

按對天然(ran)徑流的調節方(fang)式分類

沒有(you)水(shui)(shui)庫或(huo)水(shui)(shui)庫很小的徑流(liu)式(shi)水(shui)(shui)電站，水(shui)(shui)庫有(you)一定(ding)調節能力的蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)式(shi)水(shui)(shui)電站。

按水電站(zhan)水庫(ku)的(de)調(diao)節周期分類

多(duo)年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)、年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)、周調(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)和日調(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)。年調(diao)節(jie)(jie)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)是(shi)將一年中豐水(shui)期(qi)(qi)的水(shui)貯存起來(lai)供枯(ku)水(shui)期(qi)(qi)發電(dian)用。其余調(diao)節(jie)(jie)周期(qi)(qi)的水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)含義類推。

按發電水頭分類

高水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)、中(zhong)水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)和低(di)水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。世界各國(guo)對此(ci)無統一規(gui)定。中(zhong)國(guo)稱水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)70米以(yi)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為(wei)高水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)70～30米的(de)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為(wei)中(zhong)水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)30米以(yi)下的(de)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為(wei)低(di)水頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。

按裝機容量分類

分為(wei)大型(xing)、中型(xing)和(he)小(xiao)型(xing)水電站。

中國規定裝機容量大(da)于75萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)為(wei)大(da)(1)型水電站(zhan)，75萬(wan)(wan)～25萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)為(wei)大(da)(2)型水電站(zhan)，25萬(wan)(wan)～2.5萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)為(wei)中型水電站(zhan)，2.5萬(wan)(wan)～0.05萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(1)型水電站(zhan)，小(xiao)(xiao)于0.05萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(2)型水電站(zhan)。

按發電(dian)水(shui)頭的(de)形成方式分類

以壩(ba)集中水(shui)(shui)頭的壩(ba)式水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站、以引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)系統集中水(shui)(shui)頭的引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)式水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站，以及由壩(ba)和引(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)系統共同集中水(shui)(shui)頭的混合式水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站。