于(yu)橋水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)位于(yu)天津市薊縣城(cheng)東，是(shi)國家重點(dian)大型水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)之一(yi)，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)壩址(zhi)建(jian)于(yu)薊運河左(zuo)支流州河出口(kou)處(chu)。
控制流域面積(ji)(ji)2060 k㎡，占(zhan)整(zheng)個州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)流域面積(ji)(ji)的96%。州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)由沙河(he)、淋河(he)、黎河(he)三大(da)支流匯(hui)合(he)而成，各支流上游溝澗甚多(duo)，支流分散(san)成輻射狀匯(hui)集于州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)盆地(di)，水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)庫(ku)(ku)區即位(wei)于該盆地(di)，最(zui)大(da)回水(shui)長東(dong)西約(yue)30km，南北寬8km，最(zui)大(da)淹沒(mei)面積(ji)(ji)250k㎡（正(zheng)常蓄(xu)水(shui)位(wei)時(shi)淹沒(mei)面積(ji)(ji)86.8 k㎡）。州(zhou)(zhou)河(he)流域境內(nei)雨量充沛(pei)，多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨750mm，多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)徑流量5.06億m3。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)運用初期，曾出現(xian)過壩下游大(da)面積(ji)(ji)沼澤化、管涌等現(xian)象，唐山大(da)地(di)震(zhen)后，主河(he)床附近壩段壩坡(po)腳產(chan)生裂縫，壩基出現(xian)砂層液化現(xian)象。
建立時間
該庫(ku)始建(jian)于1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月完(wan)成第—期工(gong)程(cheng)(攔河壩、泄洪(hong)洞)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)續建(jian)開挖(wa)(wa)溢洪(hong)道(實際只開挖(wa)(wa)至23.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)程(cheng))。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大(da)壩為一級建(jian)筑物，按(an)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)計(ji)，最(zui)大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校核(he)，抗震(zhen)按(an)8度設(she)防(fang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位21.16米(mi)(mi)(mi)，校核(he)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位27.72米(mi)(mi)(mi)。“75.8”河南大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)后(hou)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)被列為病險水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，因(yin)此按(an)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇設(she)計(ji)，最(zui)大(da)可(ke)能洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校核(he)標(biao)準對水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)進行除險加固(gu)，設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位25．62米(mi)(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)峰流量8327立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)，校核(he)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位27.72米(mi)(mi)(mi)，洪(hong)峰流量17960立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。為保證引灤(luan)工(gong)程(cheng)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1982至1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)對大(da)壩實施了(le)加高(gao)壩頂、加固(gu)壩坡及壩基(ji)截滲(shen)等工(gong)程(cheng)措(cuo)施。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采用高(gao)噴(pen)防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)結合壩后(hou)壓重的方法再(zai)次(ci)對大(da)壩進行了(le)局部加固(gu)處(chu)理(li)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)次(ci)對大(da)壩進行加固(gu)處(chu)理(li)(包括420米(mi)(mi)(mi)的防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)，高(gao)壓噴(pen)射灌漿(jiang)、補噴(pen)、接觸灌漿(jiang)、現澆砼防(fang)浪墻(qiang)、減壓溝回填、壩后(hou)壓重、迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)坡護砌)。
工程構造
水(shui)庫樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)有攔河壩(ba)、放水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)、溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)、水(shui)電(dian)站。攔河壩(ba)為均質(zhi)土壩(ba)，全長2222m，最大(da)壩(ba)高(gao)24m，壩(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)28.72m。放水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)（兼發電(dian)洞(dong)(dong)）洞(dong)(dong)徑5m，壩(ba)后電(dian)站設貫流式機(ji)組四臺，總裝機(ji)5000千瓦。溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)為開敞式堰閘，八孔閘門，凈寬80m，最大(da)泄洪(hong)能力4138 m3/s。
水文特性
總庫(ku)容15.59億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)位21.16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(大沽(gu))，汛限水(shui)(shui)位19.87米(mi)(mi)(mi)，死水(shui)(shui)位15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)下游直接影(ying)響范(fan)圍(wei)有薊(ji)縣(xian)、寶坻、寧河、玉田、漢沽(gu)等各縣(xian)（區）的(de)低洼地區近百(bai)萬(wan)人口(kou)，300余萬(wan)畝耕(geng)地。
風光特產
風景秀(xiu)麗、群山(shan)環(huan)繞(rao)的于(yu)橋水庫坐落在薊縣城東(dong)，又名翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)，因南依翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)而得名。翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)水面寬(kuan)(kuan)闊(kuo)，東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)30公里，南北最寬(kuan)(kuan)處15公里。登翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)俯(fu)瞰，煙(yan)波浩淼，水天一(yi)色；蕩舟湖(hu)上，鷗(ou)浮(fu)上下，魚(yu)戲東(dong)西(xi)。南岸的翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)山(shan)綠樹(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)蔭，花果(guo)滿(man)園，葡萄壓枝。象一(yi)幅(fu)五彩斑斕的畫卷。北岸山(shan)中(zhong)古松蒼勁(jing)挺拔，建筑鱗次(ci)櫛比，層次(ci)豐富多變(bian)。西(xi)岸大堤(di)(di)橫臥，綠樹(shu)緣堤(di)(di)，遠山(shan)如黛，云煙(yan)飄浮(fu)，極盡幻變(bian)幽深之趣。翠(cui)(cui)屏(ping)(ping)湖(hu)盛產魚(yu)蝦，尤以(yi)金翅鯉魚(yu)聞名天下，據《薊縣志》載：“鯉魚(yu)產于(yu)薊運河(he)者皆金鱗赭尾。”而今這種曾為皇(huang)帝貢品的“御(yu)膳鯉”巳成(cheng)(cheng)為普通游人的盤中(zhong)珍品。
翠(cui)屏湖(hu)夏季氣候涼爽，是理想(xiang)的(de)避(bi)暑(shu)勝地。盛夏炎炎，眺翠(cui)亭旁的(de)平(ping)灘(tan)上，一群(qun)群(qun)穿著(zhu)游(you)泳衣的(de)游(you)人(ren)或(huo)坐或(huo)臥，悠然自得地沐浴著(zhu)陽(yang)光，人(ren)們紛(fen)紛(fen)下水(shui)(shui)游(you)泳，任涼爽的(de)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)沖散暑(shu)熱。水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)魚蝦避(bi)開了暢游(you)的(de)人(ren)群(qun)，往來于紅(hong)蕖綠草之間，招(zhao)來了萬(wan)釣千竿。冬天，這里是滑冰(bing)(bing)、賞(shang)雪(xue)的(de)理想(xiang)場所。整個(ge)翠(cui)屏湖(hu)雪(xue)蓋冰(bing)(bing)封，銀裝素(su)裹，滑冰(bing)(bing)愛好者紛(fen)至(zhi)沓來。翠(cui)屏湖(hu)南岸多農家院旅店(dian)及活(huo)魚館，是都(dou)市人(ren)周(zhou)末節假的(de)絕(jue)佳去處。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)優良的(de)翠(cui)屏湖(hu)湖(hu)域內有(you)120多種(zhong)鳥類(lei)。每年4月(yue)初，水(shui)(shui)鳥多達(da)2萬(wan)多只(zhi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)被國家列(lie)為重點保(bao)護的(de)大(da)天鵝、白(bai)鸛(guan)、白(bai)琵鷺等八種(zhong)珍禽。
生態特征
于橋水庫屬富營養型水體，冬季稍好，夏季處于營養化初級階段，主要超標物是被污染的(de)河(he)流帶入大(da)量(liang)(liang)氮、磷；流域內年(nian)均溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)10．4～11．5℃、最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)均溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)25．4℃（7月(yue)(yue)），極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)高溫度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)41．2℃，最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)均溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-6．88℃（1月(yue)(yue)）、極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)-28．6℃，無霜期170—195天，溫度(du)晝夜差別及地區(qu)分布差異(yi)也較大(da)，總的(de)狀況(kuang)是(shi)溫度(du)從北向南遞升。浮游植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)：藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)7門58種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，綠藻(zao)(zao)(zao)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、裸(luo)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、黃(huang)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)各1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于橋(qiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)1、4、5月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；而(er)6、7、10月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)；8、9月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)，所以，于橋(qiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)硅藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、藍(lan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)型(xing)(xing)，主要的(de)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)惠氏微(wei)囊藻(zao)(zao)(zao)、克羅頓脆桿(gan)藻(zao)(zao)(zao)。浮游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)輪(lun)蟲類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)多，輪(lun)足種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數最(zui)(zui)(zui)少(shao)(shao)(shao)，游動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)有明顯的(de)季節變化、總生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)在(zai)9月(yue)(yue)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高。底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(部(bu)分種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)只鑒定(ding)至科(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，故實際數量(liang)(liang)超過(guo)此數，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)8門6綱38屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)最(zui)(zui)(zui)多的(de)是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)又(you)以搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)幼蟲居多(16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))，其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是(shi)軟體(ti)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)獲(huo)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼類(lei)(lei)(lei)僅獲(huo)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)蝦類(lei)(lei)(lei)，優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)霍甫水(shui)(shui)(shui)絲蚓、蘇氏尾(wei)腮蚓、褐斑菱跗搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)、花紋前突(tu)搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)、紅德永搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)、離(li)恩菲搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)和羽搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)；底棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)由5個主要類(lei)(lei)(lei)群組成(cheng)(cheng)，軟體(ti)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)居首位(wei)，搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)幼蟲次(ci)之，再次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，除(chu)上(shang)述三大(da)類(lei)(lei)(lei)群外、還包括甲(jia)介(jie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)及搖(yao)(yao)(yao)蚊(wen)(wen)(wen)以外的(de)其(qi)(qi)他水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲。水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)于16科(ke)20屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)世界廣播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淺水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)維(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)地理成(cheng)(cheng)分單(dan)純，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)少(shao)(shao)(shao)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)暖溫帶幼年(nian)期人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)湖沼水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)以微(wei)齒眼(yan)(yan)子(zi)菜(cai)、馬來眼(yan)(yan)子(zi)菜(cai)、荇菜(cai)、正丘菱、菹草為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)優(you)勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；按水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)分類(lei)(lei)(lei)、有沉水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、浮葉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)（4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）漂浮植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)形(2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))、挺水(shui)(shui)(shui)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。1987—1988年(nian)間共(gong)(gong)(gong)采到魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)組成(cheng)(cheng)存在(zai)差異(yi)，1988年(nian)缺少(shao)(shao)(shao)似(si)鱭及似(si)鳊、烏(wu)鱧、黃(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)上(shang)升、小(xiao)雜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)增加(jia)，鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基本一致，翹嘴紅鲌(ba)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)、白鰱(lian)、花鏈稍有增加(jia)．與(yu)投放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)苗有關；繁殖(zhi)特性，性成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)年(nian)齡(ling)(ling)：1齡(ling)(ling)性成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)有鯽魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、麥穗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、子(zi)棱櫛、鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、圓尾(wei)斗魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，2齡(ling)(ling)性成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)有刺鰍、中(zhong)華(hua)多刺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、興凱鮈(ju)、中(zhong)華(hua)鳑、棒花魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；3齡(ling)(ling)性成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)有紅鰭鲌(ba)、鯉(li)、青梢(shao)紅鲌(ba)、翹嘴紅鲌(ba)、鯰魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、烏(wu)鱧、鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)鱔共(gong)(gong)(gong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；4齡(ling)(ling)性成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)有鰓(sai)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產(chan)卵(luan)期主要集中(zhong)在(zai)5—7月(yue)(yue)、秋、冬季無魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)產(chan)卵(luan)。
精靈世界 
