芒果视频

簡介

羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)壩址(zhi)以(yi)上(shang)控制流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積1100km，屬黃(huang)土丘陵溝壑區(qu)。多(duo)年平均(jun)年徑流(liu)量(liang)8515萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(1952—1986年)，最大(da)(da)21338萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，最小3849萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。實測最大(da)(da)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)825立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒(1954年8月)，由(you)公元836年洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(麟游調(diao)(diao)查(cha))推算壩址(zhi)歷史(shi)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)4200立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒． 由(you)于灌區(qu)農業生產受于旱威脅最為(wei)(wei)嚴重，地多(duo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少，供(gong)需矛盾突出(chu)，故(gu)羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)規劃系多(duo)年調(diao)(diao)節，確定死(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位620m(導渭高程，下同，比黃(huang)海高程低13．998m)，正常蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位635．9m，相應死(si)庫(ku)容為(wei)(wei)1500萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，有效庫(ku)容為(wei)(wei)5220萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。除險加(jia)固設計(ji)按2000年一(yi)遇(yu)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)滯洪庫(ku)容5280萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)計(ji)，總(zong)庫(ku)容1．2億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi) (原為(wei)(wei)500年一(yi)遇(yu)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校(xiao)核(he)，總(zong)庫(ku)容1．07億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi))。正常蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位時(shi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)長度7．3km，淹沒面(mian)積443萬(wan)(wan)平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，屬大(da)(da)(2)型工程。

水庫(ku)位于渭(wei)北(bei)蒲鳳(feng)大斷(duan)裂帶以北(bei)10km，壩(ba)址地段(duan)基底巖層為寒(han)武——奧陶系灰(hui)(hui)巖，上復第(di)三系紅土礫石(shi)層，兩者為不整合接觸，頂部為第(di)四(si)系砂卵石(shi)層、黃(huang)土狀壤土、古土壤夾層及(ji)黃(huang)土層所(suo)復蓋，灰(hui)(hui)巖中溶洞(dong)及(ji)裂隙發育。第(di)三系紅土礫石(shi)層，巖性(xing)致(zhi)密堅硬，滲透系數0.22m/d，但由(you)于河水浸蝕，其在庫(ku)壩(ba)區的(de)分布殘缺不全，缺失部位均為水庫(ku)漏水通道(dao)。

羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫位于干(gan)縣(xian)石牛鄉羊毛灣(wan)村(cun)北(bei)的渭河支(zhi)流漆水(shui)河上。壩址以(yi)上控(kong)制流域(yu)面積(ji)1100平(ping)方公里，多年平(ping)均徑流量0.85億立方米。水(shui)庫按多年調(diao)節設(she)計，以(yi)灌(guan)溉為主，兼及防洪(hong)、養殖等。

水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)于(yu)1958年(nian)動(dong)工(gong)建設(she)，歷經12年(nian)，于(yu)1970年(nian)建成，先后(hou)于(yu)1986年(nian)、2000年(nian)兩(liang)次對羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)進行除險加固。為補充水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)源，于(yu)1995年(nian)建成“引馮(feng)濟羊”輸水(shui)工(gong)程，每(mei)年(nian)可由馮(feng)家山水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)向羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)輸水(shui)3000萬(wan)立(li)方米，有效(xiao)解決水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)源不足問題(ti)。

建設經過

1953年，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳(ting)(ting)局(ju)查勘隊提(ti)出程(cheng)家河(he)、羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)灣、紫石崖和鎮頭可建(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)漆水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)總體開(kai)發(fa)方案。1958年9月，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳(ting)(ting)勘測設計院提(ti)出，《漆水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)流(liu)域蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉工程(cheng)規劃設計》，11月，省(sheng)地質局(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文地質工程(cheng)大隊完(wan)成《水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫壩址及庫區工程(cheng)地質勘察(cha)報(bao)告》。9月29日，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳(ting)(ting)廳(ting)(ting)長(chang)管建(jian)勛在干縣(xian)召(zhao)開(kai)干縣(xian)、永壽、扶風(feng)、麟游、武功(gong)5縣(xian)縣(xian)長(chang)會(hui)議，經過座(zuo)談討論，決定(ding)先修羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，成立了由干縣(xian)副縣(xian)長(chang)張振華任(ren)主任(ren)，農(nong)工部長(chang)屈軍、省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳(ting)(ting)工程(cheng)師董(dong)(dong)玉璋任(ren)副主任(ren)的(de)羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工程(cheng)施工委(wei)員會(hui)（1959年改為羊(yang)毛(mao)(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)工程(cheng)局(ju)），省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳(ting)(ting)工程(cheng)師董(dong)(dong)玉璋、技術員孫敖大、張天祥等常駐工地負責工程(cheng)設計及施工。

1960年3月，在省(sheng)水利(li)廳勘(kan)測(ce)設計(ji)院(yuan)、水科所(suo)、西北農學院(yuan)、陜西工業(ye)大學和(he)省(sheng)水校派出的(de)工作組、實習學生的(de)配(pei)合下，完(wan)成了(le)《羊(yang)毛灣水庫灌溉工程初步設計(ji)》，1961年冬，基本完(wan)成了(le)道(dao)路、施工導(dao)流、大壩基礎、截(jie)流槽開(kai)挖(wa)、輸水洞、泄水底洞的(de)開(kai)挖(wa)和(he)部分(fen)襯(chen)砌。1962年春，工程在壓縮基建(jian)戰線中停建(jian)。

1965年，陜西省長李啟明和省水利廳副廳長于澄世到羊毛灣工地視察，研究討論了工程復工有關準備工作，并納入省基建項目，1966年10月恢復建設。施工期間，先后負責施工的領導有崔發源、陳尚志、劉文(wen)儒、康見聞、杜文(wen)秀、張(zhang)俊中等(deng)。全縣除(chu)集(ji)中3萬多勞力，省水電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)局機械(xie)施工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)承擔(dan)大壩建(jian)設任務，1968年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)大專院校300余名(ming)待分配(pei)學生參加工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設2年(nian)(nian)。1970年(nian)(nian)元月(yue)，縣革委會主任吳維(wei)錄帶領全縣3200多名(ming)干部、教師(shi)，背(bei)著行裝(zhuang)赴工(gong)(gong)地，突擊大壩最(zui)后6米的填筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。至1970年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)完成了包括大壩、輸水洞、溢洪道和泄水底洞的全部樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)任務。

除險加固

羊(yang)毛灣庫(ku)壩地段基(ji)底巖層(ceng)為(wei)寒武——奧陶系(xi)灰(hui)巖，上復(fu)第三系(xi)紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)礫石(shi)層(ceng)、第四系(xi)砂卵石(shi)層(ceng)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)狀壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)等，灰(hui)巖裂(lie)隙、溶洞(dong)發育，在庫(ku)區內諸多紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)缺失區形(xing)成漏(lou)水通道(dao)。故在水庫(ku)蓄水初期平均年漏(lou)水量(liang)(liang)高達0.4億立(li)方米，為(wei)年徑流量(liang)(liang)的一半。工程標準偏低，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)不高，隱患(huan)層(ceng)出不窮(qiong)，主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物沉降、裂(lie)縫、變(bian)形(xing)、滲(shen)漏(lou)等現象普遍(bian)而嚴重。底洞(dong)水流紊亂(luan)，振動聲遠聞10里開外；溢(yi)洪道(dao)底板(ban)破(po)碎，鼻(bi)坎基(ji)礎(chu)外露，達不到(dao)溢(yi)洪要求。供電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)也與管(guan)理要求不相適應。1986年5月被(bei)列為(wei)全國重點病險庫(ku)。

從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)，陜西省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持(chi)廳(ting)(ting)組(zu)織(zhi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管理部(bu)(bu)(bu)門多次(ci)對出現(xian)病害原因進(jin)行(xing)(xing)深(shen)入研(yan)究，并委(wei)(wei)托(tuo)南京水(shui)(shui)(shui)科(ke)院、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)科(ke)所(suo)等單位(wei)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地質、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、原型觀測(ce)等資料進(jin)行(xing)(xing)整編，對病害部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)探查和(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模型試驗(yan)，委(wei)(wei)托(tuo)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)計(ji)(ji)院作(zuo)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固設(she)計(ji)(ji)，1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月對初(chu)(chu)步(bu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)審查后(hou)，確定了(le)加(jia)固工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)內容(rong)。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月，干縣(xian)(xian)人民政府(fu)成立(li)了(le)以主管副縣(xian)(xian)長(chang)李成虎任組(zu)長(chang)、縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)宋(song)希科(ke)任副組(zu)長(chang)的(de)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固領導小組(zu)，開始(shi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固的(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月25日～30日，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持(chi)廳(ting)(ting)和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)學會邀請全(quan)國有(you)關(guan)科(ke)研(yan)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管理和(he)高等院校的(de)92名專(zhuan)家、學者，在西安召(zhao)開了(le)羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫大(da)壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)安全(quan)論證會，認為(wei)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)穩(wen)定有(you)足夠的(de)安全(quan)系數，但變形(xing)還未(wei)穩(wen)定，有(you)可(ke)能再次(ci)出現(xian)裂(lie)縫、塌(ta)坑等問題。除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月開始(shi)，先后(hou)由省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)局(ju)二、三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)處、省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)計(ji)(ji)院地質總隊、干縣(xian)(xian)電力局(ju)勞動服務公(gong)司、上海海洋水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)司等，完成了(le)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞和(he)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)底(di)洞改建安裝、溢洪道(dao)改建加(jia)固、大(da)壩(ba)(ba)原形(xing)觀測(ce)設(she)施(shi)(shi)布設(she)、10千伏輸電線路架設(she)和(he)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)封(feng)堵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等，1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，達(da)到(dao)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固設(she)計(ji)(ji)要求。1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月6日～8日，省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土(tu)保(bao)持(chi)廳(ting)(ting)組(zu)成以副廳(ting)(ting)長(chang)焦(jiao)居仁為(wei)主任委(wei)(wei)員的(de)驗(yan)收委(wei)(wei)員會，在咸(xian)陽市召(zhao)開了(le)羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收會，認為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)理，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)符合(he)(he)要求，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量優良，初(chu)(chu)期運行(xing)(xing)安全(quan)可(ke)靠，同意竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收，并上報水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)摘掉(diao)病險(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫帽子。

羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫工(gong)(gong)程累計投(tou)資(zi)(zi)1916萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，其中開工(gong)(gong)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)143.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，第(di)二(er)次建設投(tou)資(zi)(zi)1025萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（國家投(tou)資(zi)(zi)652.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，集體自(zi)籌372.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)），除險加固投(tou)資(zi)(zi)747.63萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，群眾投(tou)工(gong)(gong)1390萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)工(gong)(gong)日。設施灌溉面積32.53萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，有效(xiao)灌溉面積24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。水(shui)庫養魚年產量已突破1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公斤。

灌溉范圍

羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫灌區(qu)管轄羊毛灣(wan)、老鴉(ya)(ya)咀、南溝及東(dong)、西芋村大、中(zhong)、小型(xing)(xing)水(shui)庫共五(wu)座，其中(zhong)老鴉(ya)(ya)咀水(shui)庫為中(zhong)（二）型(xing)(xing)水(shui)庫，南溝、東(dong)、西芋村水(shui)庫為小型(xing)(xing)水(shui)庫。灌區(qu)主要灌溉干(gan)縣(xian)、武功、永壽(shou)3縣(xian)14個(ge)鄉鎮151個(ge)村，設施灌溉面(mian)積(ji)32.54萬(wan)畝，有效灌溉面(mian)積(ji)24萬(wan)畝。灌區(qu)有總(zong)干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)一條(tiao)長39.7公(gong)(gong)里(li)；南、北干(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)兩(liang)條(tiao)，全長13.1公(gong)(gong)里(li)；支渠(qu)(qu)(qu)20條(tiao)，全長106.6公(gong)(gong)里(li)；斗渠(qu)(qu)(qu)366條(tiao)，總(zong)長336公(gong)(gong)里(li)。

灌區建設

羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)(shui)庫自建成運行(xing)以來(lai)來(lai)，灌(guan)區(qu)先后完成了引馮濟(ji)羊(yang)輸水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)、病險水(shui)(shui)庫除(chu)險加(jia)固工(gong)程(cheng)、國家大型商品(pin)糧基(ji)地項(xiang)目(mu)，實施了灌(guan)區(qu)更(geng)新改造世行(xing)貸款(kuan)項(xiang)目(mu)、節(jie)水(shui)(shui)續建配套項(xiang)目(mu)、病險水(shui)(shui)庫除(chu)險加(jia)固項(xiang)目(mu)、庫區(qu)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)生態治理項(xiang)目(mu)等，先后爭(zheng)取(qu)(qu)計劃(hua)投資2億多元，使水(shui)(shui)庫樞紐和灌(guan)區(qu)發生了顯著變(bian)化(hua)，同時促進了灌(guan)區(qu)工(gong)、商、林、牧、漁的全面發展，取(qu)(qu)得(de)了良好(hao)的經濟(ji)效(xiao)益和社(she)會效(xiao)益。