芒果视频

城墻布局

興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城，在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年（1428），“周圍五里(li)(li)九(jiu)十(shi)六步(bu)，高(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)，門四(si)(si)，東(dong)曰(yue)春和(he)，南曰(yue)延輝，西曰(yue)永(yong)寧(ning)，北曰(yue)威遠，鐘鼓樓(lou)在中(zhong)街”。宣(xuan)德五年(nian)（1430）又增筑外城(cheng)(cheng)，外城(cheng)(cheng)周圍九(jiu)里(li)(li)一百二十(shi)四(si)(si)步(bu)，高(gao)如內城(cheng)(cheng)。門四(si)(si)，東(dong)曰(yue)遠安，南曰(yue)永(yong)清(qing)，西曰(yue)迎恩，北曰(yue)大(da)定。四(si)(si)門設(she)樓(lou)，四(si)(si)角設(she)臺，城(cheng)(cheng)郭之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)為護城(cheng)(cheng)河。明朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian)袁崇(chong)煥鎮守寧(ning)遠，為抵御后金努爾哈赤的軍事進攻，用兩年(nian)時間(jian)(jian)修繕(shan)寧(ning)遠城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)二尺，雉高(gao)六尺，址廣三(san)(san)丈(zhang)，上二丈(zhang)四(si)(si)”。明朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian)，這(zhe)里(li)(li)成為抗(kang)擊女真族的前沿陣地(di)。興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)現僅存寧(ning)遠內城(cheng)(cheng)，經(jing)多次修繕(shan)，基本(ben)保(bao)持(chi)原貌。

城墻結構

古城平面呈正方形，南北844米，東西830米。城墻高8.5米，城基砌條石3層，基寬6.8米，頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻，中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚(zhuan) 1層(ceng)水口(kou)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四角設(she)炮臺(tai)，東南角炮臺(tai)上(shang)為清(qing)代增建(jian)的魁(kui)星樓。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為正(zheng)方形，周長3274米。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四面正(zheng)中各(ge)設(she)城(cheng)(cheng)門，城(cheng)(cheng)門上(shang)皆筑箭樓，為兩層(ceng)樓閣(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四角設(she)臺(tai)，突出于城(cheng)(cheng)角。在城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)東南角上(shang)建(jian)有(you)魁(kui)星樓一座。興城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)現為全國重點(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。興城(cheng)(cheng)——中國東北地區(qu)(qu)的沿海文化古城(cheng)(cheng)，它扼居遼西走廊的咽喉地帶，交通發達(da)，歷(li)來是(shi)兵家(jia)必爭(zheng)之地。興城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存較(jiao)好(hao)。1984年以來國家(jia)撥款對古城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)進行全面維修，并(bing)建(jian)立了文物(wu)保管(guan)所。

城(cheng)設 4門。東曰(yue)春和，西(xi)曰(yue)永寧，南曰(yue)延輝，北(bei)曰(yue)威遠。門座通長12.17米(mi)，寬13米(mi)。4門均(jun)建(jian)城(cheng)樓，重檐歇山頂,面(mian)闊(kuo)三間，進深一間。城(cheng)門外有(you)半圓形(xing)甕城(cheng),外徑32米(mi)，內、外均(jun)以條磚(zhuan)筑(zhu)成，城(cheng)門內左側(ce)設馬道，長21米(mi)，寬 3.1米(mi)。

城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座，方形樓臺，十字券洞。樓為 2層，重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局，基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻保存較好。1984年以來(lai)國(guo)家撥款對古城(cheng)城(cheng)墻進行全面維修，并建立了文物保管(guan)所。

城墻歷史

興城歷史悠久，遼代設置興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)縣，距(ju)今已有1000多年(nian)的(de)(de)歷史。明朝為了(le)鞏(gong)固對(dui)東北地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)統治(zhi)，防御(yu)(yu)蒙古部(bu)(bu)落和(he)女真人(ren)的(de)(de)侵擾(rao)，在山(shan)海關外“只設衛(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)(suo)，不設州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)縣”，先(xian)后設立(li)了(le)二(er)十(shi)五個衛(wei)(wei)(wei)，實行軍政合一(yi)(yi)式管(guan)理(li)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)就(jiu)是其中之一(yi)(yi)。 明宣德三(san)年(nian)，即公元1428年(nian)，鎮守遼東總(zong)兵官(guan)巫凱、都(dou) 御(yu)(yu)史包懷(huai)德及鎮守遼東太監王彥(yan)聯名奏請朝廷修筑寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)，兩年(nian)后工(gong)程竣(jun)工(gong)，當時(shi)(shi)稱寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)駐軍5600人(ren)，守城(cheng)(cheng)士兵戰時(shi)(shi)出征(zheng)，平時(shi)(shi)屯(tun)田勞作，家屬(shu)也(ye)隨(sui)軍士從全國各地前(qian)來定居，后代逐漸繁衍(yan)。衛(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)長官(guan)稱衛(wei)(wei)(wei)指揮使，既是一(yi)(yi)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)軍事長官(guan)，又負責審(shen)理(li)所(suo)(suo)轄(xia)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)事案件，一(yi)(yi)般為三(san)品官(guan)。這種(zhong)特殊的(de)(de)軍政體制給寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)增加了(le)神秘(mi)色(se)彩。清朝建(jian)(jian)立(li)后撤(che)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)改稱寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)管(guan)轄(xia)山(shan)海關以(yi)東至錦州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)西(xi)的(de)(de)廣(guang)闊區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。民(min)(min)國成立(li)后，1914年(nian)因(yin)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與湖南、山(shan)西(xi)、云南等省的(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)重名，經(jing)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)國國務院內(nei)務部(bu)(bu)呈請大總(zong)統袁世凱批準(zhun)，恢復(fu)使用遼代的(de)(de)興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)縣縣名，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)就(jiu)隨(sui)之稱為興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)。興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻就(jiu)是興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)主體建(jian)(jian)筑。

歷史見證

興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立，是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑(zhu)，是(shi)明(ming)代軍(jun)(jun)事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)的標本(ben)，它與平(ping)遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、荊州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)并稱為中(zhong)國保存最完整的四座古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，也(ye)是(shi)中(zhong)國現存惟一(yi)的正方(fang)形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，受到聯合國及歐盟文化(hua)遺 產保護專(zhuan)家和為數眾多的中(zhong)外游(you)客的青睞和關注。學(xue)者們認(ren)為，研究中(zhong)國古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)可少。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)整體為正方(fang)形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎(chu)用(yong)(yong)條石(shi)，外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)(yong)青磚砌成，內墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)規則塊(kuai)石(shi)壘(lei)砌，中(zhong)間用(yong)(yong)夯土所(suo)筑(zhu)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂端外沿(yan)(yan)筑(zhu)有垛口，守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵可以(yi)以(yi)此護身、了望、射箭；內沿(yan)(yan)筑(zhu)有女(nv)兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高度低于垛口，起著(zhu)加固城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)于人員(yuan)行走的磚面稱為“海墁(man)(man)”，“海墁(man)(man)”系青磚鋪(pu)就，中(zhong)凸外低，便于排(pai)水和減(jian)輕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土的承(cheng)重(zhong)壓力。1644年(nian)三月，李自成率領的農民軍(jun)(jun)兵逼(bi)北京，崇(chong)禎(zhen)皇帝匆(cong)忙下令寧遠(yuan)(yuan)總兵吳三桂放棄(qi)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，入關勤王(wang)，這樣，清(qing)軍(jun)(jun)才占領寧遠(yuan)(yuan)。

1948年(nian)9月28日，東北野戰(zhan)軍第(di)四縱隊(dui)一部在縱隊(dui)副司(si)令員胡奇才(cai)的率領(ling)下，解放了(le)興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。當時，解放軍指戰(zhan)員從城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)突破進入(ru)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內，但為了(le)保護文物古跡，他們盡量避免開(kai)炮射擊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)。三十多(duo)年(nian)后，古稀之年(nian)的胡奇才(cai)將軍重回古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，欣然揮筆寫下了(le)：“古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)回到人民手中(zhong)”。至今，這幅題字仍在古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鐘鼓樓上(shang)懸掛。

隨著興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)知(zhi)名度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升，旅(lv)游(you)開發(fa)(fa)事業得(de)到蓬勃發(fa)(fa)展，中(zhong)外游(you)客紛(fen)至沓來，文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作也(ye)取得(de)了(le)(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進展。在人民政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視下，由(you)于戰(zhan)亂(luan)而有(you)所毀壞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)部(bu)分地段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垛口、女兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)和(he)海墁得(de)到修復，魁(kui)星樓(lou)也(ye)重(zhong)現(xian)了(le)(le)往(wang)日(ri)風(feng)采，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)維修使興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)煥(huan)發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生機，1988年1月13日(ri)，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被(bei)國務(wu)院公布為全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位；對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)進行(xing)綜合研究和(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化整(zheng)理也(ye)隨之(zhi)同步進行(xing)，已經有(you)多部(bu)有(you)關興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)書籍出版或(huo)研究論文(wen)(wen)(wen)發(fa)(fa)表；天津(jin)大學、上海同濟大學等高校的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)名學者為興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)精心編制了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)規(gui)劃；先后有(you)《三進山城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游(you)擊(ji)隊》、《濟南(nan)戰(zhan)役》、《袁(yuan)崇煥(huan)》、《遠東陰謀(mou)》、《甲午陸(lu)戰(zhan)》等影(ying)視劇在興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)拍攝(she)外景；2001年，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)開發(fa)(fa)工(gong)程啟(qi)動，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)被(bei)規(gui)劃為“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣思(si)古”游(you)覽區，游(you)人們登臨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，不僅可以驚嘆中(zhong)國古代建筑(zhu)藝術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精湛(zhan)，還(huan)能穿(chuan)越歷史的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空(kong)，回味著明末(mo)那一幕幕蕩氣回腸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭場(chang)面。

建造藝術

城墻四面的正中各設城門，東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門(men)(men)上修(xiu)筑了箭樓(lou)(lou)，俗稱城(cheng)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)和城(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)，為(wei)兩層樓(lou)(lou)閣建筑，重檐高聳、氣勢巍峨。城(cheng)門(men)(men)旁(pang)邊分(fen)別有(you)坡形(xing)馬(ma)道，供(gong)人員上下城(cheng)墻(qiang)，城(cheng)門(men)(men)外均有(you)半(ban)圓形(xing)甕城(cheng)，與(yu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)連(lian)為(wei)一(yi)體。 興(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)東南角(jiao)(jiao)上建有(you)魁星樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座(zuo)，其他三個(ge)拐角(jiao)(jiao)處都(dou)設有(you)角(jiao)(jiao)臺，明清征戰(zhan)時期，在(zai)角(jiao)(jiao)臺上架(jia)設火炮，平時角(jiao)(jiao)臺上也有(you)士兵駐扎，以加強(qiang)對城(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)防御。距離魁星樓(lou)(lou)不遠(yuan)處的(de)(de)城(cheng)墻(qiang)底端，有(you)水門(men)(men)洞一(yi)個(ge)，為(wei)明代所修(xiu)，至今(jin)保存(cun)完好(hao)，是古代的(de)(de)排水設施。

古城(cheng)內的(de)四(si)條(tiao)大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，是古城(cheng)的(de)主(zhu)干(gan)道(dao)(dao)，他們因循四(si)座城(cheng)門而得(de)名，分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)春和街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、延(yan)輝街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、永寧街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和威(wei)遠街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，城(cheng)中百姓(xing)根據方位分(fen)別稱(cheng)為(wei)東街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、南(nan)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、西(xi)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和北街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)(dao)兩旁(pang)分(fen)布著(zhu)許多老字(zi)號店鋪，其中以南(nan)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)最為(wei)集(ji)中，因此有"明代一(yi)條(tiao)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)"的(de)美譽。四(si)條(tiao)大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)呈十字(zi)形規則分(fen)布，因此又統稱(cheng)為(wei)十字(zi)大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，十字(zi)大(da)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)交叉點坐落著(zhu)一(yi)座鐘鼓樓。

鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)與城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的四(si)座城(cheng)門箭樓(lou)(lou)遙相呼應，鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)為二層樓(lou)(lou)閣建筑(zhu)，登臨樓(lou)(lou)頂，城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)和古(gu)城(cheng)內的景(jing)觀盡收眼(yan)底。鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)是古(gu)代城(cheng)市的報時中(zhong)心，晨(chen)鐘暮(mu)鼓(gu)(gu)。在明(ming)與后金軍(jun)隊征戰(zhan)期間，鎮守寧遠(yuan)城(cheng)的明(ming)軍(jun)主(zhu)帥(shuai)袁崇煥就坐鎮鐘鼓(gu)(gu)樓(lou)(lou)指揮作戰(zhan)。

建筑風格

與世界上現存的其他城墻相比，興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時，主要考慮到(dao)軍事(shi)(shi)防御的(de)需要，因(yin)此設(she)置了角臺(tai)等軍事(shi)(shi)設(she)施，在(zai)這方面特別值得稱道的(de)是半圓(yuan)形的(de)甕(weng)城和便于人馬(ma)通行的(de)坡形馬(ma)道。

甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)筑(zhu)于四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)的(de)(de)外(wai)側，呈半(ban)圓(yuan)形(xing)，與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)同(tong)時(shi)興建(jian)。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突出(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)之外(wai)，既體(ti)現出(chu)一(yi)種建(jian)筑(zhu)美學，又可以保護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)在(zai)(zai)戰斗(dou)中不被敵(di)(di)(di)人輕易接近(jin)與(yu)(yu)破壞。在(zai)(zai)實戰中即(ji)便敵(di)(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)攻(gong)破了(le)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)守軍(jun)(jun)仍能(neng)以極(ji)快的(de)(de)速度組織調度，居高臨下(xia)從四面(mian)向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)發動還擊，而敵(di)(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)一(yi)旦身陷(xian)半(ban)圓(yuan)形(xing)的(de)(de)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之內，人馬(ma)(ma)很難脫身，成(cheng)語“甕(weng)(weng)中捉鱉”可以說是(shi)(shi)對甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功能(neng)最生動地描(miao)述。明朝末(mo)年努(nu)爾哈赤(chi)和皇太極(ji)所率領的(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)隊攻(gong)打寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)，就是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遭到猛烈攻(gong)擊而損失慘重。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)的(de)(de)造型體(ti)現出(chu)明代北方的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)風格，它的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)木結構(gou)是(shi)(shi)傳統的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)建(jian)在(zai)(zai)拱(gong)形(xing)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞之上(shang)(shang)，與(yu)(yu)鐘鼓樓(lou)一(yi)樣是(shi)(shi)二層樓(lou)閣(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)，面(mian)闊8.9米，進(jin)深4.5米，內有樓(lou)梯登樓(lou)，建(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式為重檐歇山頂，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)頂端為青(qing)色(se)筒瓦和板瓦覆蓋，正(zheng)脊(ji)兩端有吻獸裝飾，戧脊(ji)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)垂(chui)獸和檐角(jiao)前部裝飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸神態栩栩如生。按(an)照(zhao)明代的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)規制(zhi)，不同(tong)級別的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)上(shang)(shang)裝飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸數目是(shi)(shi)不一(yi)樣的(de)(de)，寧遠衛(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)檐角(jiao)裝飾的(de)(de)跑(pao)獸有天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)、海馬(ma)(ma)和獅子三種，其中，天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)、海馬(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)吉祥(xiang)的(de)(de)化身，獅子則(ze)代表勇猛和威嚴，它們的(de)(de)寓意(yi)與(yu)(yu)這(zhe)座軍(jun)(jun)事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)特(te)色(se)可謂不謀而合。

內壁特色

興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)壁也很有特(te)色。為了使(shi)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)堅固(gu)，形成強大的(de)(de)(de)支撐力，避免內(nei)(nei)心的(de)(de)(de)夯土松動，城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之初就(jiu)用不(bu)規則城(cheng)石(shi)砌筑(zhu)內(nei)(nei)壁，然后將壁面(mian)鑿平(ping)，所(suo)以稱(cheng)為“毛(mao)石(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”；由(you)于石(shi)料(liao)大多是(shi)就(jiu)地取(qu)材，遠望(wang)去顏色近(jin)似虎(hu)皮(pi)，所(suo)以又被稱(cheng)為“虎(hu)皮(pi)毛(mao)石(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)”。 興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)中(zhong)國古代(dai)城(cheng)市規劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)典范。從建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)科學上(shang)講(jiang)，興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)選址得體，恰好(hao)(hao)處在山水(shui)圍河(he)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)原(yuan)地帶，十(shi)分有利(li)于形成良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生態環境(jing)和(he)(he)局部小氣候。背山可以抵擋冬天北來的(de)(de)(de)寒(han)流，抱陽(yang)可以得到良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)日照，近(jin)水(shui)可以保障生活及(ji)灌(guan)溉供水(shui)，還可以防止(zhi)風(feng)沙侵襲，對城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)居(ju)民十(shi)分有利(li)。 中(zhong)國古代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)傳統哲學思想在興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)規劃(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)，體現(xian)得淋漓盡致：興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)建(jian)(jian)成正方形，是(shi)取(qu)傳統宇(yu)宙觀的(de)(de)(de)“天圓(yuan)地方”，予以大地沉穩、永無銷毀之意；興(xing)(xing)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)周長(chang)及(ji)城(cheng)門(men)數、街路數均為偶(ou)數，體現(xian)了古代(dai)哲學中(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)思辨。