西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡(jun)(jun)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)北(bei)(bei)藏族自治州海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)晏縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)約(yue)1公(gong)(gong)里,青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)湖東(dong)北(bei)(bei)側、湟水南(nan)岸的(de)金(jin)銀灘上,俗稱(cheng)“三(san)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,為西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢新莽(mang)時代所設(she)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡(jun)(jun)”郡(jun)(jun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址。 1988年(nian)(nian)1月被(bei)國(guo)務院公(gong)(gong)布為第三(san)批全國(guo)文物保(bao)護單位。根據《漢書(shu)》的(de)記載,公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)5年(nian)(nian)(西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢平帝元(yuan)始五年(nian)(nian)),王莽(mang)派(pai)人誘(you)使游牧(mu)于青海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)湖地區(qu)卑禾羌獻(xian)地臣服,以(yi)其(qi)地筑此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),定(ding)(ding)名“西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡(jun)(jun)”,與已有的(de)東(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、北(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)三(san)郡(jun)(jun)齊(qi)名,取“四海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)歸一(yi)”之(zhi)意(yi)。公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)89-104年(nian)(nian)(東(dong)漢永元(yuan)中)也曾一(yi)度設(she)置,后來又廢棄不用。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址內(nei)發現的(de)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)安定(ding)(ding)元(yuan)興元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)作當”銘文瓦當,是很(hen)好的(de)斷(duan)代依據。南(nan)涼和西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦時改稱(cheng)“海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡(jun)(jun)”,又稱(cheng)“三(san)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保(bao)存得相當完(wan)整(zheng),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長650米,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)600米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘(can)高達4米,基寬(kuan)8米,頂寬(kuan)2米,四個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)的(de)門(men)址保(bao)存完(wan)好,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)還隱約(yue)可以(yi)看出隆起(qi)的(de)墻垣所構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)三(san)個方形或長方形的(de)小區(qu)。
在古城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)還發現有(you)錢范、五銖(zhu)、半兩、貨布、貨泉(quan)、大(da)泉(quan)五十(shi)(shi)、崇寧重寶、圣宗元(yuan)(yuan)寶等(deng)多種貨幣(bi),以及漢代的(de)(de)“長樂未(wei)央”云紋瓦當和(he)唐代的(de)(de)蓮花(hua)紋瓦當殘(can)片,這些文(wen)(wen)物具有(you)不同朝(chao)代和(he)不同時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)特征,說明該城(cheng)址所經歷的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間很長。城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)南(nan)部較高,有(you)幾處隆起的(de)(de)地帶,應為(wei)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)主要建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)區,其區域內(nei)(nei)散布有(you)大(da)量磚、瓦等(deng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)殘(can)件。重要的(de)(de)是,城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)出土了篆刻有(you)“西海(hai)郡(jun)(jun)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)符(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱始建(jian)(jian)國元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)癸卯(mao)(mao)工河(he)南(nan)郭戒(jie)造”銘文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)符(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)符(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱,分上下座(zuo),整體(ti)由(you)花(hua)崗巖雕成,上座(zuo)為(wei)俯臥狀態(tai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),出土于(yu)1944年(nian),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)身長1.5米,背(bei)寬0.6米,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)下有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座(zuo),稱(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱,出土于(yu)1986年(nian),座(zuo)長1.3米,寬1.15米,高0.65米。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)基座(zuo)及石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱正面從右至左鑿(zao)有(you):“西海(hai)郡(jun)(jun)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)符(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱,始建(jian)(jian)國元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)癸卯(mao)(mao),工河(he)南(nan)郭戒(jie)造”三行二十(shi)(shi)二個篆字(zi)。虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)符(fu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)匱的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)怒目前視,栩栩如(ru)生,雕刻清晰、風格古樸(pu),實為(wei)歷史文(wen)(wen)物之瑰。
位于海晏縣(xian)西北的金(jin)銀灘山,為(wei)國家文(wen)物級保護單位。據《漢書》記載,西海郡建于漢平帝(di)元(yuan)年四年(4年),下(xia)轄修運、監羌、興武、軍(jun)俘(fu)、順礫5縣(xian)。地皇四年(23年),王(wang)莽政(zheng)權崩潰,郡廢。東漢永元(yuan)(89·105年),曾一度復置,后(hou)又(you)廢棄。該遺址(zhi)為(wei)湟水流(liu)域迄今發現的規模大的漢代城址(zhi)。
古(gu)城(cheng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)梯形,南(nan)寬(kuan)北窄,東(dong)西(xi)墻(qiang)長(chang)650·660米(mi),南(nan)墻(qiang)長(chang)600米(mi),面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)30萬平方米(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)夯筑,現存(cun)高(gao)處約(yue)4米(mi)。東(dong)西(xi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)各有一門址(zhi)。城(cheng)內(nei)地(di)勢南(nan)高(gao)北低,南(nan)部(bu)有建筑一直,城(cheng)北部(bu)有一小城(cheng),在城(cheng)址(zhi)內(nei)采集到西(xi)漢和王莽(mang)時(shi)期的海安定元(yuan)年作(zuo)當“銘文瓦當等遺物。民國(guo)期間(jian),城(cheng)址(zhi)內(nei)出土了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)柜各1件。石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)身長(chang)1.32米(mi),高(gao)0.46米(mi),坐蹲(dun)伏狀,基座長(chang)1.37米(mi),寬(kuan)1.15米(mi),高(gao)0.65米(mi),;石(shi)(shi)(shi)柜高(gao)0.92米(mi),寬(kuan)1.17米(mi),長(chang)1.29米(mi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎(hu)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)柜正面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別有篆書銘文3行,相接后(hou),全文為“西(xi)海郡(jun)虎(hu)符石(shi)(shi)(shi)匱(kui),始建國(guo)元(yuan)年十月,工河南(nan)郭戎造(zao)“。虎(hu)符石(shi)(shi)(shi)匱(kui)是王莽(mang)企圖靠陰謀詭計,假托天命,大造(zao)輿論,奪(duo)取西(xi)漢政權的產物。屬省級文物保護(hu)單位。