百壽坊,亦稱朱家牌坊,清乾隆三十(shi)年(1765年)為(wei)翰林院孔(kong)目贈儒林郎朱叔(shu)琪妻(qi)孔(kong)氏而建(jian),因(yin)雕有(you)一百個(ge)不同書(shu)體的壽字而得名。坊以(yi)青色魚子狀石灰巖(yan)構(gou)成,通高l3米(mi)、寬8米(mi),四柱(zhu)三間(jian)三層樓閣式建(jian)筑。
百獅(shi)坊(fang)獨(du)特之(zhi)處,牌坊(fang)坊(fang)座雕(diao)有(you)(you)8頭矯健雄(xiong)獅(shi)昂首遠望,8條出水蚊龍(long)繞柱回舞,額(e)枋上(shang)飾(shi)滿盛開牡丹,與正間(jian)(jian)上(shang)下(xia)額(e)枋祥云間(jian)(jian)翩(pian)翩(pian)飛舞的(de)(de)5只透雕(diao)仙鶴、次間(jian)(jian)上(shang)額(e)枋浮雕(diao)的(de)(de)相對翱翔(xiang)之(zhi)鸞鳳構成(cheng)了具有(you)(you)無窮魅力之(zhi)藝術佳作,寓意“福壽(shou)萬年”、“富貴無媲”或“喜上(shang)眉梢”。
百壽坊(fang)雕(diao)(diao)刻內容除獅(shi)、龍(long)、牡(mu)丹(dan)外,還有(you)鶴(he)、鳳、梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)等奇花(hua)(hua)異(yi)卉(hui)(hui)。其構(gou)筑精(jing)巧(qiao)宏偉,雕(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)致(zhi)生動(dong)(dong),可與百獅(shi)坊(fang)媲美。甭說那(nei)矯捷(jie)神俊的(de)(de)雄獅(shi),繞柱回舞(wu)的(de)(de)蛟龍(long),滿飾額(e)枋(fang)的(de)(de)牡(mu)丹(dan),單說那(nei)正(zheng)間上(shang)下(xia)額(e)枋(fang)祥云間翩翩飛舞(wu)的(de)(de)五只(zhi)透雕(diao)(diao)仙鶴(he)和次間上(shang)額(e)枋(fang)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)引頸鳴唱、相對翱翔的(de)(de)雙鳳,就(jiu)有(you)無窮的(de)(de)魅力。獅(shi)座下(xia)左右面(mian)浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)圓形方形蟠(pan)螭、鶴(he)圖案,刀法簡潔洗練(lian),造型古(gu)樸優美,獅(shi)后(hou)夾柱板上(shang)各浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)四幅花(hua)(hua)鳥(niao)畫,有(you)牡(mu)丹(dan)舞(wu)蝶,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)富貴無媲;牡(mu)丹(dan)芙蓉,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)榮華富貴;梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)喜鵲,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)喜上(shang)眉(mei)梢(shao);梅(mei)(mei)竹綬帶,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)齊眉(mei)祝(zhu)壽。還有(you)桃花(hua)(hua)春(chun)燕、山(shan)茶(cha)錦(jin)雞、水仙海棠(tang)、秋葵玉(yu)蘭等,構(gou)圖新穎(ying),雕(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)致(zhi),花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)(hui)爭(zheng)奇斗艷,蟲(chong)羽生動(dong)(dong)逼真(zhen)。
百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊,被譽為天下(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)坊,在(zai)今單(dan)縣城(cheng)內牌坊街(jie)中(zhong)段。因其(qi)夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)精(jing)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)個(ge)(ge)姿(zi)態各異(yi)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)而得名,寓有百(bai)事(shi)(獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))如(ru)(ru)(ru)意,百(bai)世(獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))多壽(shou)(獸(shou)(shou))之意。乃清乾隆(long)四(si)十三(san)(san)(san)年(1778年)為贈文林郎(lang)張蒲妻朱氏而建,全石(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,高14米(mi),寬9米(mi),四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)五樓(lou)(lou)式,正(zheng)間(jian)單(dan)檐,次間(jian)正(zheng)檐,歇山頂,全部(bu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)砌。坊座(zuo)八根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群(qun)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八組,大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)獰猛崢嶸(rong),小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)環(huan)繞(rao)戲(xi)耍(shua)。每根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)前、左(zuo)、右三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)均(jun)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu)。四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)和枋(fang)額上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍(long)(long),其(qi)它部(bu)位(wei)也(ye)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)加(jia)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍(long)(long)旋舞,珍禽異(yi)獸(shou)(shou)、花(hua)卉圖(tu)案(an)。百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊正(zheng)間(jian)樓(lou)(lou)檐下(xia)(xia)(xia)六朵斗拱,次間(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)檐下(xia)(xia)(xia)各三(san)(san)(san)朵斗拱。全枋(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)間(jian)架有致,搭配均(jun)衡,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)的(de)(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)、云(yun)龍(long)(long)、牡丹(dan)、吻獸(shou)(shou)、象尊等,均(jun)惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖,栩栩如(ru)(ru)(ru)生,剛柔相(xiang)(xiang)濟,神(shen)態協調。八根夾(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)分八組雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)百(bai)個(ge)(ge)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭(tou)卷毛(mao)突目(mu),隆(long)鼻(bi)闊(kuo)口(kou)利齒,巍然蹲踞,矯捷威猛。每個(ge)(ge)大獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)攀伏著五個(ge)(ge)小獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座(zuo)前左(zuo)右三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形松獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖(tu),幼獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)兩(liang)兩(liang),蹦(beng)跳翻滾,爭戲(xi)繡(xiu)球。每根立(li)柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)條(tiao)蛟(jiao)龍(long)(long),在(zai)柔美(mei)飄逸(yi)的(de)(de)祥(xiang) 云(yun)間(jian)卷舒(shu)出沒,盤旋回舞。正(zheng)間(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)額枋(fang)、次間(jian)額枋(fang)及正(zheng)檐下(xia)(xia)(xia)“圣旨”匾四(si)周鏤(lou)空(kong)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)二龍(long)(long)戲(xi)珠,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)懸目(mu)奮爪,搖頭(tou)擺尾,如(ru)(ru)(ru)騰似飛。正(zheng)間(jian)中(zhong)額枋(fang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分三(san)(san)(san)層鏤(lou)空(kong)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)串(chuan)枝牡丹(dan),給人以五彩繽紛、香沁肺腑之感。樓(lou)(lou)檐下(xia)(xia)(xia)獸(shou)(shou)斗花(hua)拱,如(ru)(ru)(ru)意枋(fang)板承托(tuo)。脊(ji)和檐角上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)配的(de)(de)吻獸(shou)(shou)、象尊、岔獸(shou)(shou)、魚、海馬、跑獸(shou)(shou)皆造型優美(mei),生動傳神(shen)。吻尾外(wai)卷張口(kou)吞(tun)脊(ji),每個(ge)(ge)吻獸(shou)(shou)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)兩(liang)條(tiao)游(you)龍(long)(long)。正(zheng)脊(ji)中(zhong)間(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二龍(long)(long)朝天,相(xiang)(xiang)托(tuo)一(yi)(yi)珠瓶類飾物。其(qi)他(ta)部(bu)位(wei)也(ye)均(jun)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有雙龍(long)(long)、牡丹(dan)、菊花(hua)、團鶴、團壽(shou)等吉祥(xiang)圖(tu),正(zheng)間(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)枋(fang)板的(de)(de)孔(kong)鼻(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)懸掛石(shi)(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)籠,微風吹來,石(shi)(shi)(shi)鳥(niao)翩翩展翅,呤叮作(zuo)鳴。整座(zuo)牌坊結構精(jing)巧(qiao),宏偉壯觀,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精(jing)細,玲瓏剔透(tou),繁而不亂,主次分明。
百壽坊是(shi)為朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)妻(qi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)所立(li)。朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)是(shi)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)富戶,有土(tu)地(di)20多(duo)萬畝,祖(zu)父朱(zhu)(zhu)廷煥做(zuo)過大名(ming)府兵道副使,朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)(qi)憑(ping)祖(zu)蔭(yin)財富,乾隆年間入了(le)翰林院任孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)目,娶(qu)了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)家(jia)姑娘,眾人(ren)送(song)名(ming)鵝鴨公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)間有皮相連(lian),形如(ru)鵝鴨足指(zhi),難攀高門,才嫁(jia)給位卑官小的(de)朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)(qi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)家(jia)為了(le)顯(xian)示門第高貴(gui),提出(chu)要朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)一(yi)步一(yi)個(ge)元寶擺(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)用(yong)元寶雙(shuang)趟擺(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)嫁(jia)后(hou)不(bu)到(dao)10年,朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)(qi)病逝。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)才26歲,求單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)知縣(xian)“點主(zhu)(zhu)”,知縣(xian)嫌朱(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)(shu)琪(qi)(qi)(qi)位卑品低,家(jia)產雖然多(duo),是(shi)土(tu)鱉子地(di)主(zhu)(zhu),不(bu)予(yu)答應。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)怒之(zhi)下,赴(fu)曲(qu)阜(fu)求助衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu),將(jiang)前因(yin)后(hou)果一(yi)說,衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)原(yuan)對姑母下嫁(jia)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)頗(po)為不(bu)悅(yue),現看登門求助,乃(nai)(nai)發惻隱之(zhi)心,答應孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)“點主(zhu)(zhu)”。時朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)隨孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去的(de)族(zu)人(ren)問隨行(xing)幾(ji)人(ren),衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)答曰:“三人(ren)”。不(bu)一(yi)日(ri),衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)駕到(dao)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian),但(dan)見(jian)(jian)旗牌浩(hao)蕩,金鼓齊鳴,刀槍耀眼(yan),衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)說帶的(de)三人(ren)乃(nai)(nai)三位總兵,三總兵分別(bie)帶了(le)數千(qian)人(ren)馬到(dao)了(le)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian),從單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)城到(dao)十(shi)里外的(de)十(shi)里鋪駐滿了(le)軍馬,井水(shui)隨之(zhi)喝干,朱(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)不(bu)但(dan)將(jiang)城內(nei)的(de)飯館(guan)全(quan)包下來(lai),還(huan)從四鄉十(shi)幾(ji)里以內(nei)買(mai)飯。單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)縣(xian)令拜(bai)見(jian)(jian)衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong),衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)讓其出(chu)殯(bin)時丟紙錢(qian)。殯(bin)罷丈夫,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)問衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong),我死后(hou)你怎么辦?衍(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)答,只要姑母矢志守節(jie),撫孤(gu)成立(li),當(dang)奏明圣(sheng)(sheng)上(shang),建坊旌表(biao)。
孔氏(shi)乃謹(jin)遵封建婦道,守(shou)寡幾十年,撫子(zi)(zi)朱(zhu)春成立。死后(hou),朱(zhu)家和孔家奏(zou)明朝延,乾隆(long)皇(huang)帝降(jiang)旨(zhi)建坊旌表。皇(huang)四(si)子(zi)(zi)履郡王(wang)亦贈詩曰:“布衣蔬食度生平,喜看庭芝漸次成,月冷(leng)黃昏霜(shuang)滿地,穗帷(wei)遙出讀書聲(sheng)”。“數十年來鐵(tie)骨支,養生送死總無疵。冰操勁節光天地,千古常教奉母(mu)師”。詩刻在牌坊額(e)枋(fang)上。事(shi)后(hou)單縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)感慨地說(shuo):“土(tu)鱉子(zi)(zi)大了也咬人!”