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人文歷史

百壽坊，亦稱(cheng)朱(zhu)家(jia)牌(pai)坊，清(qing)乾(qian)隆三十年（1765年）為翰林(lin)院孔目贈儒(ru)林(lin)郎朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪妻孔氏而(er)建，因雕有一百個不同書體的壽字而(er)得名。坊以青色魚(yu)子狀石(shi)灰巖構成(cheng)，通高(gao)l3米、寬8米，四(si)柱三間三層樓閣式建筑。

百(bai)獅坊獨特之處，牌坊坊座(zuo)雕(diao)有(you)8頭(tou)矯健(jian)雄獅昂首遠(yuan)望(wang)，8條(tiao)出水蚊(wen)龍(long)繞柱回舞，額(e)(e)枋上(shang)(shang)飾滿盛開牡丹，與正間上(shang)(shang)下額(e)(e)枋祥(xiang)云間翩(pian)翩(pian)飛舞的(de)5只透雕(diao)仙(xian)鶴(he)、次間上(shang)(shang)額(e)(e)枋浮雕(diao)的(de)相(xiang)對(dui)翱(ao)翔之鸞(luan)鳳(feng)構成了具有(you)無窮魅力之藝術佳作，寓意(yi)“福(fu)壽萬年”、“富貴無媲”或“喜上(shang)(shang)眉梢”。

藝術特色

百壽坊雕刻內(nei)容除獅、龍、牡(mu)丹(dan)外，還有(you)(you)鶴(he)、鳳、梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)等(deng)奇花(hua)(hua)異卉。其構筑(zhu)精(jing)巧宏偉，雕刻精(jing)致(zhi)生(sheng)動(dong)，可與百獅坊媲(pi)美。甭說(shuo)(shuo)那矯(jiao)捷(jie)神俊的雄獅，繞柱回舞(wu)的蛟(jiao)龍，滿飾(shi)額(e)(e)枋的牡(mu)丹(dan)，單說(shuo)(shuo)那正間上下額(e)(e)枋祥云間翩(pian)(pian)翩(pian)(pian)飛舞(wu)的五(wu)只透(tou)雕仙鶴(he)和(he)次間上額(e)(e)枋浮(fu)(fu)雕的引頸(jing)鳴唱、相對(dui)翱翔的雙(shuang)鳳，就有(you)(you)無(wu)窮的魅力。獅座(zuo)下左右面浮(fu)(fu)雕的圓形(xing)(xing)方形(xing)(xing)蟠螭、鶴(he)圖案(an)，刀法簡(jian)潔洗練，造型古(gu)樸優美，獅后夾柱板上各(ge)浮(fu)(fu)雕四幅(fu)花(hua)(hua)鳥畫，有(you)(you)牡(mu)丹(dan)舞(wu)蝶，寓意富貴無(wu)媲(pi)；牡(mu)丹(dan)芙蓉，寓意榮華富貴；梅(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)喜鵲(que)，寓意喜上眉梢；梅(mei)(mei)竹綬帶(dai)，寓意齊(qi)眉祝壽。還有(you)(you)桃花(hua)(hua)春燕、山茶錦雞、水仙海棠(tang)、秋葵玉蘭等(deng)，構圖新(xin)穎，雕刻精(jing)致(zhi)，花(hua)(hua)卉爭(zheng)奇斗艷(yan)，蟲羽生(sheng)動(dong)逼(bi)真。

姊妹建筑

百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)，被譽為天下(xia)一(yi)坊(fang)，在今單縣城(cheng)內牌(pai)坊(fang)街中(zhong)段。因其夾柱(zhu)精(jing)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)百(bai)個(ge)姿態(tai)(tai)各異(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)而得名，寓有(you)百(bai)事（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）如(ru)(ru)意，百(bai)世（獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）多壽（獸）之意。乃清乾(qian)隆四(si)十三(san)(san)(san)年（1778年）為贈文林(lin)郎張蒲(pu)妻朱氏而建，全(quan)石結(jie)構，高(gao)14米，寬9米，四(si)柱(zhu)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)五樓(lou)式(shi)，正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)單檐(yan)(yan)，次間(jian)(jian)正(zheng)(zheng)檐(yan)(yan)，歇山(shan)頂，全(quan)部石砌。坊(fang)座八(ba)根夾柱(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)組(zu)(zu)，大(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)獰猛崢嶸，小(xiao)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)環繞戲(xi)(xi)(xi)耍(shua)。每(mei)根夾柱(zhu)前(qian)、左(zuo)、右(you)三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)均(jun)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)松(song)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖。四(si)柱(zhu)和(he)枋(fang)(fang)額(e)上(shang)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云龍(long)，其它部位(wei)也透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)加浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)云龍(long)旋舞，珍禽異(yi)(yi)獸、花卉圖案。百(bai)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)六(liu)朵斗(dou)拱(gong)，次間(jian)(jian)上(shang)下(xia)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)各三(san)(san)(san)朵斗(dou)拱(gong)。全(quan)枋(fang)(fang)上(shang)下(xia)間(jian)(jian)架有(you)致，搭(da)配均(jun)衡，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻的(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)、云龍(long)、牡丹、吻(wen)(wen)獸、象尊等(deng)，均(jun)惟(wei)妙惟(wei)肖，栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)(ru)生，剛柔相濟，神態(tai)(tai)協調。八(ba)根夾柱(zhu)分八(ba)組(zu)(zu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻百(bai)個(ge)石獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巨頭(tou)卷毛突目(mu)，隆鼻(bi)(bi)闊口(kou)利(li)齒，巍(wei)然(ran)蹲踞(ju)，矯(jiao)捷威(wei)猛。每(mei)個(ge)大(da)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身上(shang)攀伏著五個(ge)小(xiao)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)座前(qian)左(zuo)右(you)三(san)(san)(san)面(mian)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)圓(yuan)形松(song)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)圖，幼(you)獅(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)兩兩，蹦跳翻滾，爭戲(xi)(xi)(xi)繡球。每(mei)根立柱(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)條蛟(jiao)龍(long)，在柔美飄逸的(de)(de)(de)祥(xiang)(xiang) 云間(jian)(jian)卷舒出沒，盤旋回舞。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)上(shang)下(xia)額(e)枋(fang)(fang)、次間(jian)(jian)額(e)枋(fang)(fang)及正(zheng)(zheng)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)“圣旨”匾四(si)周鏤空(kong)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)二(er)龍(long)戲(xi)(xi)(xi)珠，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)懸目(mu)奮(fen)爪(zhua)，搖(yao)頭(tou)擺尾，如(ru)(ru)騰似飛(fei)。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)額(e)枋(fang)(fang)上(shang)分三(san)(san)(san)層鏤空(kong)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)串枝牡丹，給人(ren)以五彩繽(bin)紛、香沁肺腑之感。樓(lou)檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)獸斗(dou)花拱(gong)，如(ru)(ru)意枋(fang)(fang)板承托(tuo)。脊(ji)和(he)檐(yan)(yan)角上(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)配的(de)(de)(de)吻(wen)(wen)獸、象尊、岔(cha)獸、魚(yu)、海馬(ma)、跑(pao)獸皆造型(xing)優美，生動(dong)傳神。吻(wen)(wen)尾外卷張口(kou)吞脊(ji)，每(mei)個(ge)吻(wen)(wen)獸身上(shang)又浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)兩條游(you)龍(long)。正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二(er)龍(long)朝天，相托(tuo)一(yi)珠瓶類飾物。其他部位(wei)也均(jun)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、平雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)雙龍(long)、牡丹、菊花、團鶴、團壽等(deng)吉祥(xiang)(xiang)圖，正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)下(xia)枋(fang)(fang)板的(de)(de)(de)孔鼻(bi)(bi)上(shang)還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)懸掛石鳥籠，微風吹來，石鳥翩翩展翅，呤叮作鳴。整座牌(pai)坊(fang)結(jie)構精(jing)巧(qiao)，宏偉(wei)壯觀，雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻精(jing)細，玲瓏(long)剔透(tou)(tou)(tou)，繁而不亂，主次分明。

民間傳說

百壽坊是(shi)為朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)之妻孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)所立(li)。朱(zhu)家(jia)是(shi)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)富戶，有土地20多萬畝，祖父(fu)朱(zhu)廷(ting)煥做過大名(ming)府兵(bing)道副使，朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)憑祖蔭財(cai)富，乾隆年間入(ru)了(le)(le)翰林院(yuan)任(ren)孔目(mu)，娶了(le)(le)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)孔家(jia)姑娘，眾人(ren)送名(ming)鵝鴨(ya)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)間有皮相連(lian)，形(xing)如鵝鴨(ya)足指(zhi)，難攀高(gao)門(men)，才(cai)嫁(jia)給位(wei)卑官小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)。孔家(jia)為了(le)(le)顯示門(men)第高(gao)貴，提出要朱(zhu)家(jia)一(yi)步(bu)一(yi)個(ge)元(yuan)寶擺(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)。朱(zhu)家(jia)用(yong)元(yuan)寶雙趟(tang)擺(bai)到(dao)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)。孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)嫁(jia)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)10年，朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)病(bing)逝。孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)才(cai)26歲(sui)，求單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“點主”，知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)嫌(xian)朱(zhu)叔(shu)琪(qi)位(wei)卑品低(di)，家(jia)產(chan)雖然多，是(shi)土鱉子(zi)地主，不(bu)(bu)予答(da)應。孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)怒之下(xia)，赴曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)求助衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)了(le)(le)曲(qu)(qu)阜(fu)，將前因(yin)后(hou)果(guo)一(yi)說，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原對姑母(mu)(mu)下(xia)嫁(jia)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)頗為不(bu)(bu)悅，現看登(deng)門(men)求助，乃(nai)發惻隱(yin)之心，答(da)應孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“點主”。時朱(zhu)家(jia)隨(sui)(sui)孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)族人(ren)問隨(sui)(sui)行幾人(ren)，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da)曰：“三人(ren)”。不(bu)(bu)一(yi)日，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)駕到(dao)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，但見(jian)旗牌浩蕩(dang)，金鼓(gu)齊鳴(ming)，刀槍耀眼，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)說帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)三人(ren)乃(nai)三位(wei)總兵(bing)，三總兵(bing)分別帶了(le)(le)數千人(ren)馬(ma)到(dao)了(le)(le)單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，從單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)到(dao)十里外的(de)(de)(de)(de)十里鋪(pu)駐滿了(le)(le)軍(jun)馬(ma)，井水隨(sui)(sui)之喝干，朱(zhu)家(jia)不(bu)(bu)但將城(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)飯(fan)館全包下(xia)來，還從四(si)鄉十幾里以內買(mai)飯(fan)。單(dan)(dan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)拜(bai)見(jian)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)讓其出殯時丟紙錢。殯罷丈夫，孔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)問衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，我死后(hou)你怎(zen)么(me)辦(ban)？衍(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)答(da)，只(zhi)要姑母(mu)(mu)矢志守節，撫孤成立(li)，當奏明圣(sheng)(sheng)上，建(jian)坊旌表。

孔氏乃謹遵封建婦道，守寡幾十年，撫子朱春成立。死(si)后，朱家(jia)(jia)和孔家(jia)(jia)奏明朝延，乾隆皇帝降旨建坊(fang)旌表。皇四子履郡王亦贈詩曰：“布衣蔬食度(du)生平，喜看(kan)庭芝漸次成，月冷黃(huang)昏(hun)霜滿地，穗(sui)帷(wei)遙出讀書聲”。“數十年來(lai)鐵骨支(zhi)，養生送死(si)總無疵。冰(bing)操勁節光天(tian)地，千古常(chang)教(jiao)奉(feng)母(mu)師”。詩刻在牌(pai)坊(fang)額枋上。事(shi)后單縣知縣感慨(kai)地說(shuo)：“土鱉子大(da)了(le)也咬人！”