芒果视频

王陵介紹

1995年(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市第二批重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)是(shi)明英(ying)宗(zong)朱(zhu)祁鎮第二子朱(zhu)見及(ji)(ji)(ji)其嫡系(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)子孫的(de)(de)(de)封號。《明史·列(lie)傳(chuan)第七(qi)(qi)》載，天順元年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))三(san)月(yue)英(ying)宗(zong)復辟后，“同日封德(de)、秀(xiu)、崇、吉四王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”。朱(zhu)見?“初國德(de)州，改濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，成化三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))就藩。”至明末，德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)共傳(chuan)七(qi)(qi)世(shi)，封親王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、郡王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)34個。崇禎十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian))，清(qing)(qing)兵攻入濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，第七(qi)(qi)代德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)由(you)(you)(you)樞被(bei)俘。至此，延(yan)續(xu)180余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)系(xi)始告結(jie)束。清(qing)(qing)道光《長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)縣(xian)志(zhi)》載：“明德(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(子濟(ji)寧安(an)僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)　)、德(de)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)懷王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)恭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)定(ding)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)端王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俱在(zai)縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)四十(shi)里青崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)之(zhi)陽”。 青崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)，現名(ming)青崖(ya)(ya)寨山(shan)，又名(ming)青巖山(shan)，海(hai)拔554米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)綿延(yan)二三(san)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。諸(zhu)德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)即(ji)分布在(zai)青崖(ya)(ya)寨山(shan)以南(nan)(nan)(nan)、以東(dong)(dong)，各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)倚枕一(yi)支脈而建(jian)(jian)。1993年(nian)(nian)春(chun)，濟(ji)南(nan)(nan)(nan)市和長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)(qing)縣(xian)文物(wu)部(bu)門(men)(men)(men)對(dui)德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行了勘(kan)查，并搶救(jiu)性發掘清(qing)(qing)理了德(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 由(you)(you)(you)于(yu)本世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代以來當地(di)(di)村民(min)取(qu)用陵墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石料，各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑刻、石象生均(jun)(jun)已(yi)不(bu)存(cun)，多數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)垣(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)也已(yi)傾圮(pi)。因此，除已(yi)發掘的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)外，其余(yu)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主身份不(bu)明。各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)陵園平面(mian)均(jun)(jun)呈(cheng)馬蹄(ti)形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)303～276米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)286～100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有(you)內(nei)外兩(liang)(liang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)垣(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，陵門(men)(men)(men)、金水(shui)橋、院落、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、享(xiang)(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)封土沿(yan)山(shan)勢依次(ci)向上(shang)(shang)(shang)對(dui)稱分布。 已(yi)發掘的(de)(de)(de)德(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(朱(zhu)見?)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)大。與其他各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石垣(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，其雙(shuang)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)垣(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土坯墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。現僅(jin)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)側(ce)保留一(yi)段長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約47.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)外垣(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)金水(shui)橋、享(xiang)(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等地(di)(di)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)筑均(jun)(jun)已(yi)不(bu)存(cun)，但原(yuan)址處尚有(you)綠琉璃瓦(wa)等遺跡、遺物(wu)。地(di)(di)宮位于(yu)享(xiang)(xiang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)后方，磚(zhuan)石結(jie)構，建(jian)(jian)于(yu)距地(di)(di)表深(shen)13余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)巖坑之(zhi)內(nei)，由(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道、前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)、甬(yong)道組成，南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)總(zong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(內(nei))17.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)總(zong)寬(kuan)(內(nei))11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)46.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)外側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金剛墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)砌平臺，平臺后建(jian)(jian)有(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)18.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)擋土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。平臺以下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)(men)樓，額枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)刻二龍戲珠圖案。門(men)(men)(men)樓下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半圓券頂門(men)(men)(men)洞，高(gao)(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)2.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)洞外側(ce)填土之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)放德(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)見?及(ji)(ji)(ji)其妃劉氏的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)合墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)。前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬(kuan)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石須彌座式(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)構。頂部(bu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)起券，高(gao)(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)構相同，下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石構，上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)構，頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)起券。均(jun)(jun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)4.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間有(you)窗(chuang)隧(sui)相通。兩(liang)(liang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)中與前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側(ce)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)置一(yi)石須彌座式(shi)棺床。西(xi)(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)與墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)形(xing)制相同，唯不(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)大、厚重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)頂部(bu)有(you)三(san)個盜(dao)洞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)骨架散亂(luan)，朱(zhu)漆棺、槨板及(ji)(ji)(ji)箱(xiang)板隨(sui)(sui)處可見，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)(men)均(jun)(jun)被(bei)砸碎(sui)，隨(sui)(sui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品已(yi)被(bei)盜(dao)掠一(yi)空。掘出土墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)宮內(nei)情(qing)況可知，東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)分葬(zang)(zang)(zang)德(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱(zhu)見?及(ji)(ji)(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)妃劉氏，前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)其子濟(ji)寧安(an)僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。 德(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵，是(shi)目(mu)前所知規模最(zui)大、保存(cun)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)(de)明代親王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)家族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。對(dui)于(yu)明代親王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵葬(zang)(zang)(zang)制度的(de)(de)(de)研究，具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)意(yi)義。