芒果视频

王陵介紹

1995年(nian)(nian)被公布(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南市(shi)第二批重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)是明英(ying)(ying)宗朱祁鎮第二子朱見及(ji)(ji)其(qi)嫡系長(chang)(chang)子孫(sun)的(de)(de)封(feng)號。《明史·列傳第七》載，天順元年(nian)(nian)(1457年(nian)(nian))三(san)月英(ying)(ying)宗復辟后(hou)，“同日封(feng)德(de)(de)(de)(de)、秀、崇、吉四王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)”。朱見?“初國(guo)德(de)(de)(de)(de)州，改濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南，成(cheng)化三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1467年(nian)(nian))就藩(fan)。”至明末，德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)共傳七世，封(feng)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、郡王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)34個(ge)。崇禎十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian))，清(qing)兵(bing)攻入濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南，第七代德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱由樞被俘(fu)。至此，延續180余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世系始(shi)告結束(shu)。清(qing)道(dao)光(guang)《長(chang)(chang)清(qing)縣(xian)志(zhi)》載：“明德(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(子濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寧(ning)安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)　)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)懿王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)懷王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)恭王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、德(de)(de)(de)(de)端王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俱在縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南四十(shi)里青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)之(zhi)陽”。 青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)山(shan)，現名青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)寨山(shan)，又名青(qing)巖山(shan)，海拔554米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)綿延二三(san)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。諸德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)即分(fen)布(bu)在青(qing)崖(ya)(ya)寨山(shan)以南、以東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，各倚枕一支(zhi)脈而建(jian)。1993年(nian)(nian)春，濟(ji)(ji)(ji)南市(shi)和長(chang)(chang)清(qing)縣(xian)文物(wu)部門(men)對(dui)(dui)(dui)德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)進(jin)行了勘查，并搶救性發掘清(qing)理了德(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。 由于(yu)(yu)本世紀(ji)50年(nian)(nian)代以來當地村(cun)民取用陵(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料，各墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碑刻、石(shi)(shi)(shi)象生(sheng)均(jun)(jun)已不(bu)存(cun)(cun)，多數墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)也已傾圮。因此，除已發掘的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)之(zhi)外，其(qi)余(yu)各墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)身份不(bu)明。各墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園平(ping)面均(jun)(jun)呈馬蹄形，長(chang)(chang)303～276米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)286～100米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。有(you)(you)內外兩重(zhong)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)門(men)、金(jin)水(shui)橋、院落、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)封(feng)土沿山(shan)勢依次向上(shang)(shang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱分(fen)布(bu)。 已發掘的(de)(de)德(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(朱見?)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)大(da)。與其(qi)他各墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)是，其(qi)雙重(zhong)垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土坯(pi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。現僅于(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)保留(liu)一段長(chang)(chang)約47.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)外垣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)金(jin)水(shui)橋、享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等地面建(jian)筑均(jun)(jun)已不(bu)存(cun)(cun)，但(dan)原址處(chu)尚有(you)(you)綠琉(liu)璃瓦等遺(yi)跡(ji)、遺(yi)物(wu)。地宮(gong)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)享殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)后(hou)方，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)結構(gou)，建(jian)于(yu)(yu)距地表深13余(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)巖坑之(zhi)內，由墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)、甬道(dao)、前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)、甬道(dao)組成(cheng)，南北(bei)(bei)總(zong)長(chang)(chang)(內)17.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)總(zong)寬(kuan)(內)11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)46.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)外側(ce)(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)剛墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高(gao)(gao)6.18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其(qi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌平(ping)臺，平(ping)臺后(hou)建(jian)有(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)18.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)3.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)擋(dang)土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。平(ping)臺以下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)樓，額(e)枋上(shang)(shang)刻二龍戲珠圖(tu)案。門(men)樓下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半圓(yuan)券(quan)頂門(men)洞，高(gao)(gao)4.26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)2.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)洞外側(ce)(ce)填土之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)放(fang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱見?及(ji)(ji)其(qi)妃劉氏的(de)(de)兩合墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)。前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)11.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)須彌座式(shi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)構(gou)。頂部南北(bei)(bei)起券(quan)，高(gao)(gao)6.58米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)結構(gou)相(xiang)同，下(xia)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)構(gou)，上(shang)(shang)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)構(gou)，頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)起券(quan)。均(jun)(jun)長(chang)(chang)5.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)4.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)4.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)有(you)(you)窗(chuang)隧相(xiang)通。兩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)中與前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)側(ce)(ce)各置一石(shi)(shi)(shi)須彌座式(shi)棺床(chuang)。西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)與墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)形制相(xiang)同，唯不(bu)及(ji)(ji)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)大(da)、厚重(zhong)。該(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)頂部有(you)(you)三(san)個(ge)盜洞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內骨架散(san)亂，朱漆棺、槨板及(ji)(ji)箱板隨(sui)處(chu)可(ke)見，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)門(men)均(jun)(jun)被砸碎，隨(sui)葬(zang)(zang)品已被盜掠一空。掘出土墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)志(zhi)及(ji)(ji)地宮(gong)內情況可(ke)知，東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)葬(zang)(zang)德(de)(de)(de)(de)莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)朱見?及(ji)(ji)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)妃劉氏，前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)葬(zang)(zang)其(qi)子濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寧(ning)安僖王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。 德(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)，是目前所知規模最(zui)大(da)、保存(cun)(cun)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)明代親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)家(jia)族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)明代親(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)葬(zang)(zang)制度的(de)(de)研究，具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)意義。