寺院格局
青龍寺坐北(bei)(bei)向南,沿中(zhong)軸線的(de)建(jian)筑依次為山門,腰(yao)殿(dian)(dian),同時又分為前(qian)院和(he)(he)(he)后(hou)院。前(qian)院東(dong)側有十(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)。腰(yao)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)面三刀側有祖師殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)無名殿(dian)(dian);后(hou)院有東(dong)西廂(xiang)房,北(bei)(bei)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側的(de)伽藍殿(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)護(hu)法殿(dian)(dian)。該寺的(de)面積(ji)東(dong)西長97米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)寬70.7米(mi)共計(ji)6857.9平方米(mi),約(yue)占10.39畝。
該現(xian)存(cun)(cun)建筑系(xi)元(yuan)、明遺物,占地(di)約6000余平方(fang)米(mi),分前(qian)后兩進院落,大小(xiao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇8座。前(qian)院南(nan)有(you)四大天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(現(xian)改為(wei)(wei)山門(men)),東為(wei)(wei)十(shi)王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian),西為(wei)(wei)羅(luo)漢(han)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)。后院以中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及東西兩廂為(wei)(wei)主,中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian)左(zuo)右(you)(you)垛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各(ge)一,左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)祖師(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),右(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)青龍(long)門(men)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三(san)間(jian)(jian),左(zuo)右(you)(you)垛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各(ge)一,左(zuo)為(wei)(wei)護法殿(dian)(dian)(dian),右(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)伽藍殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)塑像雖皆不存(cun)(cun),但大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)伽藍殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內保存(cun)(cun)有(you)壁畫196.38平方(fang)米(mi),十(shi)分珍貴,制作跨(kua)元(yuan)、明兩個時期。
主要壁畫
大殿壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)據(ju)南壁窗檻畫(hua)(hua)(hua)工題記為(wei)(wei)明洪武十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(1385)補(bu)繪或重裝。唯只西(xi)南隅少部(bu)(bu)分粉墨為(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)代印跡。中殿四(si)壁為(wei)(wei)“水陸(lu)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)”,是青龍寺壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)中的精華所在。該殿全(quan)部(bu)(bu)構(gou)圖共有人物(wu)300余眾,分畫(hua)(hua)(hua)在130平方米的墻面上。 西(xi)壁上為(wei)(wei)三(san)世佛和(he)(he)禮佛圖,下(xia)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)教萬神圖;北壁上為(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)羅漢,下(xia)為(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)殿閻君(jun)、六道(dao)輪回等,另(ling)有陰曹(cao)地府行刑(xing)場面;東墻壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)因(yin)日曬雨淋,眉目(mu)難辨。以上壁畫(hua)(hua)(hua)雖是宣傳封建禮儀和(he)(he)宗教迷信,但畫(hua)(hua)(hua)面結(jie)構(gou)嚴(yan)謹(jin),筆力遒勁流(liu)暢(chang),色彩柔和(he)(he)協(xie)調,人物(wu)繁(fan)而不亂,人體(ti)比例(li)適度(du),造型優(you)美,形象生動,衣飾飄(piao)然,栩栩如生。它繼承了(le)我國唐(tang)宋以來的繪畫(hua)(hua)(hua)表現技巧,被視為(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)、明兩代繪畫(hua)(hua)(hua)之杰(jie)作。
青龍寺(si)的(de)壁畫(hua)主要分布在大(da)(da)殿和(he)(he)腰(yao)殿系。大(da)(da)殿也(ye)稱大(da)(da)雄寶(bao)殿,腰(yao)殿也(ye)稱立佛殿,大(da)(da)殿和(he)(he)腰(yao)殿系五架(jia)三間,進深8米單檐懸山頂(ding),單昂五鋪(pu)作,筒瓦覆頂(ding),內均繪水陸畫(hua)。
青龍寺磊雄寶(bao)殿的(de)壁(bi)畫(hua)(hua)(hua),主(zhu)要畫(hua)(hua)(hua)于東壁(bi)和西壁(bi)之上(shang)。東壁(bi)是(shi)《佛說(shuo)法(fa)(fa)圖》,在(zai)東山墻上(shang),釋迦牟尼慈祥端(duan)莊(zhuang),穩(wen)坐(zuo)中(zhong)央(yang),文殊,普賢二菩薩(sa)分坐(zuo)左右(you),前站阿(a)難,迦葉二弟子,左右(you)排列古大(da)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)金剛,上(shang)有(you)人(ren)首烏(wu)身的(de)飛天(tian),后有(you)聽法(fa)(fa)的(de)天(tian)帝及飛天(tian)凌空,瓊樓(lou)玉閣,氣勢宏偉,甚為壯觀。西壁(bi)是(shi)《彌勒(le)變》,在(zai)西壁(bi)上(shang),正中(zhong)為彌勒(le)佛,左右(you)為觀音和地藏菩薩(sa),南側畫(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)剃度(du)圖。正彌勒(le)佛的(de)下部,畫(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)善(shan)財和龍女,上(shang)部畫(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)人(ren)首鳥翅的(de)伽樓(lou)羅護(hu)侍,手(shou)捧果盤,乘瑞(rui)云飛翔。
腰殿的(de)壁(bi)畫(hua),是(shi)青龍寺(si)壁(bi)畫(hua)的(de)精華部(bu)分。它是(shi)佛(fo)、道、儒(ru)三(san)教(jiao)組成的(de)水(shui)陸道場(chang)畫(hua)的(de)精華部(bu)分,其主(zhu)旨是(shi)宣揚六道貌岸然輪回(hui)。因果報就,超(chao)度亡魂,祈(qi)求(qiu)冥神(shen)(shen)速(su)等。在(zai)(zai)(zai)西壁(bi)上部(bu)畫(hua)有豎三(san)世佛(fo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)世佛(fo)的(de)下部(bu),畫(hua)有禮(li)佛(fo)圖(tu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)禮(li)佛(fo)圖(tu)中(zhong),刻畫(hua)出(chu)了頭戴各種冠冕的(de)帝王(wang)、太子(zi)(zi)、諸王(wang)、文武大臣(chen)和侍從(cong)像(xiang)以及皇后(hou)、女(nv)官、侍女(nv)、命婦(fu)等像(xiang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)禮(li)佛(fo)圖(tu)的(de)下部(bu),畫(hua)有左右護法善神(shen)(shen)眾(zhong)、鬼子(zi)(zi)母(mu)眾(zhong)、普天列耀星眾(zhong),諸大羅剎將眾(zhong)、五方五帝神(shen)(shen)眾(zhong)、五道仙人(ren)眾(zhong)等。
在(zai)腰殿南壁殿門兩側上部,畫有十大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)像。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang),按照佛(fo)教(jiao)教(jiao)義(yi)的(de)(de)說法是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)、菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)的(de)(de)忿怒像,一般是(shi)(shi)多面多臂、身騎(qi)怪售、手拿(na)法器(qi)。十大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang),是(shi)(shi)八(ba)大(da)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)外(wai)加二佛(fo)所變。這十大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi):大(da)力(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)釋迦牟尼(ni)佛(fo);大(da)輪明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)彌勒菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);甘(gan)露軍咤明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)阿彌陀佛(fo);大(da)威(wei)德明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)文(wen)殊(shu)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);馬首(shou)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)觀音菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);步擲明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)普賢菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);無能勝明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)地藏菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);大(da)笑明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)虛空藏菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);降三(san)世明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)金(jin)剛(gang)首(shou)菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);不動(dong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)除(chu)蓋(gai)障菩(pu)(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。在(zai)十大(da)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)下側,畫有年、月、日、時(shi)(shi)四(si)值(zhi)使者,這是(shi)(shi)源(yuan)于道教(jiao)中執掌年、月、日、時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)四(si)位值(zhi)日神。在(zai)四(si)值(zhi)使者的(de)(de)下部,歷史人物相象較多,表現的(de)(de)有儒家的(de)(de)始祖(zu)——孔子,唐(tang)太宗李(li)世民,唐(tang)貴妃(fei)楊玉環,宋祖(zu)趙匡胤,漢名臣蘇武,三(san)國名臣諸葛亮,三(san)國名將(jiang)關(guan)羽,張飛等。
在腰(yao)殿(dian)北壁西側,繪有(you)佛教(jiao)中的(de)九橫死生像(xiang),以及阿難和焰口。這組壁畫生動地再現了九橫死眾生像(xiang),同時體(ti)現了身(shen)形焦枯,口內燃火(huo),咽(yan)如(ru)針,肚大如(ru)鼓的(de)面然鬼(gui)王(wang)的(de)餓鬼(gui)形象。
青(qing)龍(long)(long)寺(si)的(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)共有(you)(you)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)九十余平(ping)方米,其中(zhong)(zhong)腰殿四壁(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)最(zui)為精(jing)彩(cai),共畫(hua)有(you)(you)五百(bai)(bai)余尊大小不同的(de)(de)神像人物,上(shang)下(xia)三(san)層交錯,大小依(yi)次排列(lie),錯落(luo)有(you)(you)致,這(zhe)對研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)宗教美術(shu)和(he)宗教發展史(shi)都是(shi)(shi)極(ji)其寶貴(gui)的(de)(de)資料。青(qing)龍(long)(long)寺(si)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua),內(nei)容豐富,形象突出(chu),情節生動(dong),層次分明,千姿(zi)百(bai)(bai)態,栩(xu)栩(xu)如(ru)生,結構嚴謹,筆(bi)力剛健,表現出(chu)了古代繪畫(hua)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)高超技術(shu)和(he)技能。維修后(hou)的(de)(de)青(qing)龍(long)(long)寺(si)古建(jian)筑肅穆莊嚴,中(zhong)(zhong)央是(shi)(shi)整潔的(de)(de)磚砌(qi)通道,各式古碑排列(lie)有(you)(you)序,通道兩(liang)邊,花木爭芳,柏參(can)天,是(shi)(shi)研(yan)究古建(jian)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)藝(yi)術(shu)和(he)佛教文化圣地。