簡介
龍巖寺(si)位于陵川縣梁泉(quan)(quan)村,原名龍泉(quan)(quan)寺(si),創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)于唐(tang)總章二年(nian)(669年(nian))。金天會七(qi)年(nian)(1129年(nian))重修過(guo)(guo)殿,并(bing)奉敕將原寺(si)名改為(wei)龍巖寺(si)。為(wei)金、明時期建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。寺(si)有(you)前后兩院,主要建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)過(guo)(guo)殿、正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)殿、配殿、廊廡等30余間(jian)(jian)。過(guo)(guo)殿位于前院中軸線上(shang),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊三(san)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)六(liu)椽,平面(mian)(mian)(mian)近方形(xing);單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding)(ding),灰布瓦。兩山(shan)墻內壁(bi)有(you)壁(bi)畫,外鑲(xiang)有(you)金大(da)(da)定(ding)三(san)年(nian)《龍巖寺(si)記》石(shi)碑一(yi)通。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)殿在后院,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)六(liu)椽,平面(mian)(mian)(mian)長方形(xing),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)懸山(shan)頂(ding)(ding)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)殿和寺(si)內其他(ta)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)明代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。下院的(de)過(guo)(guo)殿建(jian)(jian)在五(wu)層砌筑(zhu)的(de)青石(shi)臺基上(shang),面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊進深(shen)各三(san)間(jian)(jian),單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)式(shi)屋頂(ding)(ding),鋪以(yi)灰色(se)筒板瓦,屋脊為(wei)陶灰a色(se)飛龍裝(zhuang)飾(shi),兩邊龍吻對峙。過(guo)(guo)殿前檐(yan)(yan)用四柱頂(ding)(ding)撐,柱頭有(you)卷剎,施補(bu)間(jian)(jian)斗拱(gong),昂為(wei)琴面(mian)(mian)(mian)式(shi),斗拱(gong)用材碩大(da)(da),是典(dian)型的(de)金代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)手法(fa)。
寺院建設
寺(si)有前后兩院(yuan),主要(yao)建(jian)筑(zhu)有過(guo)殿、正(zheng)殿、配殿、廊廡等(deng)30余間(jian)。過(guo)殿位于(yu)前院(yuan)中軸線(xian)上,面闊三間(jian),進深(shen)六椽,平(ping)面近方形;單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂,灰布瓦。兩山(shan)墻內壁有壁畫(hua),外鑲有金(jin)大定三年《龍(long)巖(yan)寺(si)記》石碑(bei)一(yi)通。正(zheng)殿在后院(yuan),面闊五間(jian),進深(shen)六椽,平(ping)面長方形,單(dan)檐(yan)懸山(shan)頂。正(zheng)殿和寺(si)內其他建(jian)筑(zhu)為明代建(jian)筑(zhu)。
房屋狀況
下(xia)院的過殿建在五(wu)層砌筑的青石臺基上,面闊進(jin)深各(ge)三間,單檐歇山(shan)式(shi)屋頂,鋪以灰色(se)筒板瓦,屋脊(ji)為(wei)陶灰色(se)飛龍裝飾,兩(liang)邊龍吻對峙(zhi)。過殿前檐用(yong)四柱頂撐,柱頭有(you)卷(juan)剎,施補間斗拱,昂為(wei)琴(qin)面式(shi),斗拱用(yong)材碩(shuo)大(da),是典型的金代建筑手法。
上(shang)院建(jian)于七層高的(de)青石臺基上(shang),拾級(ji)而上(shang),其正(zheng)北(bei)為(wei)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian),面闊五(wu)間,進(jin)深六(liu)椽,殿(dian)(dian)檐由(you)四石柱支撐,檐下設殿(dian)(dian)廊。屋頂為(wei)單檐懸山(shan)式,斗拱為(wei)五(wu)鋪作。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩側各(ge)有配殿(dian)(dian)三間,為(wei)元、明時(shi)(shi)期的(de)建(jian)筑風格。后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)兩側存(cun)有二(er)通完好的(de)碑碣(jie),一是(shi)(shi)金(jin)大(da)定三年(nian)(nian)(1163年(nian)(nian)),由(you)本縣(xian)平城人貞元年(nian)(nian)間進(jin)士(shi)趙安時(shi)(shi)撰寫的(de)《龍巖寺(si)記(ji)》;一是(shi)(shi)金(jin)大(da)定二(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1185年(nian)(nian)),由(you)當地鄉貢(gong)常謙撰寫的(de)《新建(jian)龍巖寺(si)法堂記(ji)》。這兩通碑上(shang)面真實(shi)地記(ji)錄了該寺(si)的(de)創建(jian)過程(cheng)和歷史(shi)。
布局
龍(long)(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)有(you)前(qian)后(hou)兩(liang)院(yuan),主要(yao)建筑有(you)過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)、正殿(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)、廊(lang)廡等30余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)位于(yu)(yu)前(qian)院(yuan)中(zhong)軸線上(shang),面(mian)闊三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深六椽,平(ping)面(mian)近方(fang)形;單檐歌山(shan)頂(ding),灰布瓦。兩(liang)山(shan)墻內壁(bi)(bi)(bi)有(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫,外(wai)鑲有(you)金(jin)(jin)大(da)定三年(nian)(nian)《龍(long)(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)記》石碑(bei)一(yi)通(tong)(tong)。正殿(dian)(dian)在(zai)后(hou)院(yuan),面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深六椽,平(ping)面(mian)長方(fang)形,單檐懸(xuan)山(shan)頂(ding)。正殿(dian)(dian)和寺(si)(si)(si)內其他建筑為(wei)明代建筑。龍(long)(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)建筑歷史(shi)價(jia)值。寺(si)(si)(si)筑于(yu)(yu)天(tian)然巖(yan)洞(dong)--龍(long)(long)牙(ya)巖(yan)洞(dong)中(zhong),故又名“龍(long)(long)牙(ya)寺(si)(si)(si)”。相傳為(wei)明萬(wan)歷初年(nian)(nian),由(you)一(yi)高(gao)僧所(suo)建。距今已有(you)400年(nian)(nian)。巖(yan)洞(dong)高(gao)約12米(mi),寬約20余米(mi),深達(da)50米(mi)。走進(jin)(jin)巖(yan)洞(dong),迎面(mian)是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)。中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)塑(su)有(you)“三寶大(da)佛(fo)”及諸佛(fo)像(xiang);兩(liang)邊巖(yan)壁(bi)(bi)(bi),依高(gao)低之狀,塑(su)觀音(yin)行天(tian)及十八羅漢(han),神情(qing)各異,栩栩如生。龍(long)(long)牙(ya)巖(yan)洞(dong)頂(ding)、洞(dong)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)由(you)石灰巖(yan)沖刷自(zi)然形成的(de)景物甚多(duo):有(you)觀音(yin)坐蓮、金(jin)(jin)猴凌空、仙人(ren)(ren)出洞(dong)、鸚鵡含花(hua)、石柳垂絲、乳泉(quan)長滴等天(tian)然雕塑(su)奇觀。尤為(wei)奇特的(de)是(shi)(shi)“天(tian)窗(chuang)高(gao)照”:陽(yang)光(guang)從洞(dong)頂(ding)一(yi)個小洞(dong)穿(chuan)進(jin)(jin),洞(dong)外(wai)的(de)藍天(tian)彩云、綠樹花(hua)影(ying)歷歷在(zai)目。但(dan)是(shi)(shi),不管洞(dong)外(wai)斗雨(yu)傾盆,卻(que)是(shi)(shi)滴水不入洞(dong)中(zhong),此中(zhong)奧秘,耐(nai)人(ren)(ren)尋思(si)。上(shang)院(yuan)建于(yu)(yu)七(qi)層高(gao)的(de)青石臺基(ji)上(shang),拾級而上(shang),其正北為(wei)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian),面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)深六椽,殿(dian)(dian)檐由(you)四石柱支撐,檐下設(she)殿(dian)(dian)廊(lang)。屋頂(ding)為(wei)單檐懸(xuan)山(shan)式,斗拱為(wei)五(wu)鋪作。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側各有(you)配殿(dian)(dian)三間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)元、明時(shi)期的(de)建筑風格。后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側存有(you)二(er)通(tong)(tong)完好的(de)碑(bei)碣,一(yi)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)大(da)定三年(nian)(nian)(1163年(nian)(nian)),由(you)本縣平(ping)城人(ren)(ren)貞元年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)士(shi)趙安時(shi)撰(zhuan)寫的(de)《龍(long)(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)記》;一(yi)是(shi)(shi)金(jin)(jin)大(da)定二(er)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1185年(nian)(nian)),由(you)當地鄉貢常謙撰(zhuan)寫的(de)《新(xin)建龍(long)(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)(si)法(fa)堂記》。這兩(liang)通(tong)(tong)碑(bei)上(shang)面(mian)真實(shi)地記錄了該寺(si)(si)(si)的(de)創建過(guo)程和歷史(shi)。
地理位置
龍(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)寺(si)(si)原屬蒼巖(yan)山(shan)福慶(qing)寺(si)(si)一(yi)部分,相(xiang)傳為(wei)隋煬帝長女南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公主(zhu)出(chu)家修(xiu)行之(zhi)地(di)。大(da)中(zhong)祥符七(qi)年(nian)(1014年(nian))宋真宗(zong)救踢(ti)“福慶(qing)寺(si)(si)”。到1244年(nian)前,住持僧(seng)眾全系五臺山(shan)華(hua)嚴宗(zong)。1244年(nian),臨濟禪師(shi)擔任住持,即改為(wei)臨濟宗(zong)。龍(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)所處之(zhi)地(di)為(wei)九(jiu)龍(long)(山(shan)脈)環抱,原名九(jiu)龍(long)口,山(shan)勢奇特,地(di)形幽美。龍(long)巖(yan)寺(si)(si)內(nei)的(de)三(san)官廟(miao)、朝(chao)陽(yang)(yang)洞是原福慶(qing)寺(si)(si)的(de)兩(liang)個景(jing)點,“三(san)官廟(miao)”相(xiang)傳南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公主(zhu)出(chu)家到了蒼巖(yan)山(shan)感(gan)動(dong)了天(tian)地(di)水三(san)官,所以幫(bang)助南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公主(zhu)修(xiu)成(cheng)正果,南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公主(zhu)為(wei)報三(san)官之(zhi)德,封三(san)官收蒼巖(yan)山(shan)第一(yi)道香火,朝(chao)陽(yang)(yang)洞是南(nan)(nan)陽(yang)(yang)公主(zhu)每年(nian)三(san)月三(san)宴(yan)請各路神仙的(de)地(di)方。兩(liang)處香火一(yi)直極盛。
龍巖寺記
摩騰入(ru)(ru)漢,夢符明帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛,僧(seng)(seng)會(hui)歸矣。瑞應如(ru)來(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)跡,事(shi)蓋聞于(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)域,化(hua)乃(nai)顯于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)土。由(you)是(shi)釋教大(da)揚,精藍肇建,爰作歸依之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,斯(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)凈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)。茲(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),古寺其(qi)來(lai)(lai)久(jiu)矣。尚有(you)碑刻事(shi)跡宛(wan)然(ran),更大(da)齊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)蓮宮再立,歷有(you)唐(tang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)石(shi)像新鐫。干戈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)年(nian)代(dai)綿遠,難以(yi)(yi)備載。有(you)故鄉錄翁秦孝劼,率眾(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)修飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。迨皇開基,修文偃武。海宇(yu)謳(ou)歌,因此(ci)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)響善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)(tu)滔滔皆是(shi)。眾(zhong)(zhong)議欲(yu)建大(da)殿,以(yi)(yi)遺址狹隘,艱于(yu)(yu)(yu)修完;下有(you)桑(sang)田,昔為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吾家祖業,至(zhi)天會(hui)九年(nian)辛亥,先(xian)祖父(fu)趙卿暨叔禮(li),施為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)田,繼而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)我先(xian)人(ren)慨(kai)然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首,并維那(nei)常佑(you)等十有(you)二(er)(er)人(ren),鳩工衰旅(lv),協力同(tong)(tong)心,伐木疏左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)林,運土塞(sai)往來(lai)(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路。乃(nai)命公輸設矩,匠石(shi)揮斤,椓(zhuo)聞橐橐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聲,筑有(you)登(deng)登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喜(xi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)逾于(yu)(yu)(yu)歲(sui)(sui)已(yi),即其(qi)功。勢極翚飛(fei),威加壯麗。越(yue)甲寅,慶其(qi)成。方(fang)今真主題期,尊(zun)崇釋道,乃(nai)敇天下郡(jun)邑無(wu)名(ming)額寺院(yuan)宮觀,許令(ling)請買。先(xian)人(ren)聞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忻然(ran),乃(nai)告于(yu)(yu)(yu)眾(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue): 『 昔者(zhe)(zhe),伊(yi)予祖先(xian),嚴飾圣像,迄今方(fang)隆,雖(sui)歷五年(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)愈久(jiu),徒(tu)(tu)沒世以(yi)(yi)無(wu)名(ming),則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)孫者(zhe)(zhe)宜乎(hu)?繼志(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)述事(shi),可不(bu)(bu)(bu)潤色以(yi)(yi)成其(qi)勝果哉(zai)?遂(sui)請虛泉口(kou)(kou)圣感院(yuan)僧(seng)(seng)普(pu)懿。師俗姓秦氏,乃(nai)本(ben)村(cun)秦范之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi),自(zi)舍(she)俗棄家落發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),經論明悟,才識高(gao)遠,善(shan)(shan)誘化(hua)人(ren),其(qi)法界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰出也(ye)。方(fang)議豕買,先(xian)人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)幸至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)故,未滿斯(si)(si)愿,師悵恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)。發以(yi)(yi)誠心,得(de)故鄉錄翁常克(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)常謹,公且(qie)卑辭(ci)謙讓,以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)獲(huo)。固拒(ju)乃(nai)慰,其(qi)勤(qin)請復,以(yi)(yi)師為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)化(hua)緣,首糾眾(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)(shan)友,得(de)維那(nei)二(er)(er)十有(you)八人(ren)。眾(zhong)(zhong)議僉同(tong)(tong),請吉(ji)祥北(bei)院(yuan)僧(seng)(seng)惠(hui)通為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)副院(yuan),及本(ben)郡(jun)洪福(fu)院(yuan)沙門(men)僧(seng)(seng)智遠住持是(shi)寺。同(tong)(tong)共化(hua)人(ren)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)喜(xi)舍(she),咸(xian)樂其(qi)訓。及自(zi)來(lai)(lai)居(ju)民(min)有(you)徒(tu)(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)異鄉者(zhe)(zhe),率皆惠(hui)然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)來(lai)(lai),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)題疏。去(qu)歲(sui)(sui)飛(fei)蝗入(ru)(ru)境,傷害田稚,秋不(bu)(bu)(bu)獲(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)太(tai)半(ban),兼運司預借三(san)季(ji)租稅,咸(xian)赴陜西(xi)以(yi)(yi)輸軍(jun)糧,往復區(qu)區(qu)三(san)千五百余(yu)里。比年(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)登(deng),米碩(shuo)五千,黎民(min)屢困(kun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)饑寒,救(jiu)(jiu)死不(bu)(bu)(bu)瞻(zhan),茲(zi)惟艱哉(zai)。則人(ren)皆鼓(gu)舞,欣拤不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)歲(sui)(sui)儉官輸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辭(ci)。至(zhi)癸未首春(chun),會(hui)擅越(yue)百余(yu)人(ren)鳩錢三(san)十萬,無(wu)一家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或缺(que),致(zhi)使官中加以(yi)(yi)形(xing)罰則不(bu)(bu)(bu)能也(ye)。蓋亦慈悲上(shang)(shang)圣,所感如(ru)此(ci)。越(yue)二(er)(er)月丁丑,經詣本(ben)郡(jun)軍(jun)資庫(ku)輸錢三(san)十萬,兼經藏堂(tang)(tang)豕買,得(de)賜曰(yue)龍(long)巖(yan)(yan)寺。愚(yu)謂其(qi)鄉名(ming)云川,以(yi)(yi)云從龍(long)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)變化(hua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)測;又以(yi)(yi)里為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)義泉,以(yi)(yi)龍(long)得(de)水(shui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)出入(ru)(ru)有(you)時。檐下曰(yue)巖(yan)(yan),斬上(shang)(shang)曰(yue)崖,以(yi)(yi)石(shi)巖(yan)(yan)在(zai)宏堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)金(jin)容(rong)居(ju)石(shi)巖(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,中選斯(si)(si)名(ming),當其(qi)實赫爾休,聲配天地,以(yi)(yi)彌遠昭(zhao)然(ran)顯號(hao),同(tong)(tong)日(ri)月而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)衰。種種善(shan)(shan)根,綿綿福(fu)地,蓋有(you)緣矣,不(bu)(bu)(bu)其(qi)偉歟?后(hou)倚靈池,善(shan)(shan)滀(chu)濟民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui);前瞻(zhan)仙洞,能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)(jiu)旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霖(lin)。東(dong)有(you)喬(qiao)松,勢訝(ya)飛(fei)龍(long);西(xi)多怪石(shi),形(xing)疑伏虎。然(ran)雖(sui)密(mi)邇孤村(cun),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)林木陰森(sen),堂(tang)(tang)宇(yu)深邃,如(ru)在(zai)塵表(biao),則西(xi)方(fang)世界(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)出其(qi)中矣。安(an)上(shang)(shang)久(jiu)廢詩(shi)書,少(shao)知學問,不(bu)(bu)(bu)揆斐然(ran),姑(gu)紀(ji)其(qi)年(nian)月耳。鄉貢進士天水(shui)趙安(an)上(shang)(shang)撰,弟口(kou)(kou)口(kou)(kou)丹。故宣義郎趙侑孫前進士趙稷 篆額金(jin)大(da)定(ding)三(san)年(nian)歲(sui)(sui)次(ci)癸未四月辛酉朔戊辰日(ri)立石(shi)。
相關傳說
龍巖寺在(zai)南(nan)山(shan)頂,始建于明正統三年(公元1438年)至(zhi)今有(you)(you)560年歷(li)史(shi)。相傳明代有(you)(you)一(yi)位(wei)三十(shi)多(duo)歲(sui)的(de)風水先生(sheng)沿(yan)洞宮山(shan)脈南(nan)尋,千(qian)里跋涉,披荊(jing)斬棘,尋至(zhi)南(nan)山(shan)頂,見天高(gao)云(yun)淡,豁然開朗,云(yun)霧(wu)繚(liao)繞(rao),清風陣陣,宛如(ru)仙境,高(gao)興之(zhi)余,遂(sui)夜宿(su)石(shi)崖之(zhi)上。朦(meng)朧中忽聞木魚之(zhi)聲(sheng)速陣陣,清香裊裊撲鼻來,似有(you)(you)大佛降(jiang)臨之(zhi)狀,風水先生(sheng)驚呼“此乃(nai)佛門勝地也(ye)(ye)!”遂(sui)安身(shen)于此,伐木建此巖寺,風水先生(sheng)修身(shen)養性(xing)宣揚仁慈、積德行善,普濟眾生(sheng),活(huo)百歲(sui)乃(nai)去。據考(kao)證,自(zi)建寺以來,歷(li)任澤區(qu)令(ling)無不(bu)登南(nan)山(shan)頂游覽的(de)。留下(xia)許(xu)多(duo)墨(mo)寶古跡,明代著(zhu)名文學家馮(feng)夢龍,公元1638年--1642年任壽寧(ning)知縣期間,曾多(duo)次登臨絕頂,遺(yi)跡尚(shang)留,福(fu)建省第(di)一(yi)位(wei)進士薜令(ling)之(zhi),唐神龍進士,也(ye)(ye)曾結蘆南(nan)山(shan),苦讀(du)(du)成(cheng)名,現讀(du)(du)書處遺(yi)址(zhi)尚(shang)存。