現狀與規模
會(hui)(hui)仙觀坐北面(mian)南,現(xian)存(cun)建筑圍合成(cheng)二(er)進(jin)院落(luo),南北總長60、東西寬32米(mi),總占地(di)面(mian)積1920平方米(mi)。中(zhong)軸線上(shang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)建筑由(you)南向北 依次為(wei)(wei)戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)、關(guan)帝殿(dian)(dian)、玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)和三清殿(dian)(dian)。 戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)東側(ce)為(wei)(wei)觀門(men)(men),入(ru)門(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)第一進(jin)院落(luo),院內地(di)面(mian)高(gao)出觀前(qian)公路(lu)路(lu)面(mian)約1.8米(mi),除戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)外院內其(qi)他建筑均為(wei)(wei)后期添建。關(guan)帝殿(dian)(dian)東西兩側(ce)分別為(wei)(wei)鐘樓(lou)(lou)和鼓樓(lou)(lou),樓(lou)(lou)下有磚(zhuan)券(quan)洞門(men)(men),通往第二(er)進(jin)院落(luo),整個院落(luo)地(di)面(mian)是(shi)南低北高(gao)的(de)(de)緩坡(po)。第二(er)進(jin)院落(luo)中(zhong)部(bu)稍偏南處為(wei)(wei)玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian),左右有廂(xiang)房。玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)北為(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)仙觀的(de)(de)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)———三清殿(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)兩旁有東西耳房,左右有東西配殿(dian)(dian)。三清殿(dian)(dian)之(zhi)后背墻兼作(zuo)全觀的(de)(de)后圍墻。 會(hui)(hui)仙觀創建時的(de)(de)組成(cheng)與(yu)規模已無法確知,但是(shi)根(gen)據觀中(zhong)所存(cun)明代“重修會(hui)(hui)仙觀記”碑(bei)可知至遲在(zai)碑(bei)文記載的(de)(de)明代的(de)(de)這(zhe)次維修工程之(zhi)前(qian),觀中(zhong)即有三清殿(dian)(dian)和玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)這(zhe)兩座單體建筑及其(qi)他配屬(shu)建筑。由(you)此(ci)可知二(er)殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)諸單體建筑中(zhong)較早建造的(de)(de),并且是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)建筑。又(you)據碑(bei)文知玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)位于(yu)觀的(de)(de)中(zhong)部(bu)(“中(zhong)區玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)”),這(zhe)與(yu)現(xian)狀玉(yu)(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)在(zai)觀中(zhong)的(de)(de)位置也是(shi)吻合的(de)(de)。
建造時間
會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan)的(de)(de)現存建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是經歷(li)多個歷(li)史時期形成的(de)(de),根據當(dang)地(di)文(wen)物部門提供的(de)(de)資料,三(san)清殿始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)金,清代增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)了兩(liang)旁的(de)(de)耳房(fang)(fang),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿似建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)晚期;玉皇殿建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)元(yuan);關帝殿和(he)戲樓建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)。其(qi)他建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)解放后作(zuo)學校使用時添建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)。 會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan)的(de)(de)具(ju)體建(jian)(jian)(jian)造年(nian)代不確,目前能夠(gou)獲得的(de)(de)文(wen)獻資料十(shi)(shi)分有限,只(zhi)有《武(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)志(zhi)》的(de)(de)相關記(ji)載及(ji)觀(guan)中的(de)(de)明(ming)代石碑。 《武(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)縣(xian)志(zhi)》中有兩(liang)處涉及(ji)會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造年(nian)代的(de)(de)記(ji)載,一(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“相傳,本縣(xian)東(dong)賈村(cun)賈志(zhi)韜修道求(qiu)真于(yu)此(ci),于(yu)明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間,建(jian)(jian)(jian)會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan)。此(ci)廟、觀(guan)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我縣(xian)尚存之(zhi)(zhi)稀有古跡。”另一(yi)處記(ji)載“會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan),位(wei)于(yu)城東(dong)五十(shi)(shi)華里之(zhi)(zhi)監漳村(cun)西(xi)(xi),建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)元(yuan)代至元(yuan)三(san)年(nian)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積一(yi)千三(san)百(bai)五十(shi)(shi)四(si)平方米。沿中軸線自北至南有三(san)清殿、玉皇殿、關帝廟及(ji)戲臺。東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)側分為(wei)(wei)(wei)奶奶廟、閻王(wang)殿,并東(dong)西(xi)(xi)廊房(fang)(fang)二(er)十(shi)(shi)余間。另有鐘鼓樓分別(bie)筑(zhu)于(yu)關帝廟兩(liang)側山門之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)”。 觀(guan)中明(ming)代石碑上(shang)的(de)(de)“重修會(hui)(hui)仙(xian)觀(guan)記(ji)”載:
武鄉,古(gu)皋狼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,川東一舍許,有村 □,其(qi)東南里(li)許峰巒疊嶂(zhang),澗水(shui)潺漫(man),樹林 陰翳(yi),有觀一區(qu),號曰會(hui)仙。土剛而燥,位 □而陽肇,自蒙古(gu)至□二年(nian)羽士志韜嗜玄(xuan)□修真并(bing)建(jian)于(yu)此。延及我□。皇明三百余(yu)年(nian)嗣守(shou)是觀者,濟(ji)濟(ji)不(bu)乏□。三清(qing)殿(dian)原有小像(xiang)□尊。正德七(qi)年(nian),本觀道(dao)士李洞仁,西川李宗浩(hao)子(zi)(zi),少親奉守(shou)仙為(wei)師,睹(du)其(qi)殿(dian)宇歲(sui)□,□為(wei)風雨(yu)剝落,頹屺□堪(kan),第(di)見圣像(xiang),微末于(yu)殿(dian)似(si)不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)稱。于(yu)是協同道(dao)長(chang)本村任守(shou)明,清(qing)心寡欲,愿一□之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。缺者則補(bu),欹者則□,圣像(xiang)易塑以(yi)(yi)(yi)□,畫(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)采,施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)金。及中(zhong)區(qu)玉皇殿(dian)像(xiang)并(bing)同前飾。殿(dian)后(hou)舊(jiu)立五□七(qi)真像(xiang),移于(yu)殿(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左,□十王(wang)殿(dian)三官祠(ci)并(bing)于(yu)殿(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右,次則關王(wang)護道(dao)分侍,蓋以(yi)(yi)(yi)合爻(yao)象也。外因基址□□,道(dao)室(shi)十余(yu)楹(ying),以(yi)(yi)(yi)便□□前后(hou)左右,舉以(yi)(yi)(yi)法焉。朝經夕(xi)□,咸得其(qi)宜。嘉靖七(qi)年(nian)戊(wu)子(zi)(zi),功成事畢書。 大明嘉靖七(qi)年(nian)歲(sui)次戊(wu)子(zi)(zi)仲夏吉旦(dan),無 聞子(zi)(zi)南□書。由(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)內容可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)看出(chu),關于(yu)會(hui)仙觀的具體建(jian)造年(nian)代文獻(xian)記載(zai)中(zhong)提供(gong)的信息(xi)相(xiang)(xiang)互矛(mao)盾,出(chu)入較大,無法確知(zhi)。
結構布局
殿宇背山面(mian)水依山勢而建,高低錯落,形如階梯。中軸線上,南(nan)為倒座戲臺三(san)間(jian),硬山頂(ding)。關帝殿居戲臺之后,筑于(yu)高臺之上,三(san)間(jian)面(mian)寬,六架椽屋,懸山頂(ding)。屋頂(ding)脊獸皆(jie)備,筒板布瓦裝(zhuang)修,通間(jian)格(ge)扇菱花裝(zhuang)飾,圖案考究(jiu)。鐘(zhong)鼓二樓左右(you)配置,耳殿相連。鐘(zhong)鼓樓下南(nan)向辟拱券(quan)門(men)洞,門(men)楣凹進呈(cheng)半(ban)月形。
玉皇殿(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)居關帝殿(dian)(dian)之后,臺(tai)基(ji)高峙,踏道整(zheng)齊(qi)。殿(dian)(dian)廣深(shen)各三(san)間,六(liu)架椽屋,單檐(yan)歇山頂(ding)。角柱(zhu)升起(qi),額枋通(tong)檐(yan)。柱(zhu)頭科(ke)五踩(cai)斗拱出雙昂,翼(yi)角部位(wei)(wei)出45°斜(xie)拱斜(xie)昂。屋頂(ding)琉(liu)璃(li)脊(ji)獸(shou),筒板瓦作。三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)觀內的一座主殿(dian)(dian)。砂石砌(qi)筑臺(tai)基(ji),臺(tai)明(ming)高峙,殿(dian)(dian)身寬闊五間六(liu)柱(zhu)。前(qian)檐(yan)用大(da)(da)額枋,斗拱疏朗,用材碩大(da)(da)。柱(zhu)頭斗拱六(liu)鋪(pu)作單抄出雙昂。梁架規整(zheng),結構緊俏,單檐(yan)九脊(ji)頂(ding)。屋坡深(shen)遠,舉折平緩,形(xing)制(zhi)古樸,為(wei)宋金遺構。中后兩院左右為(wei)閻王殿(dian)(dian)、奶(nai)(nai)奶(nai)(nai)殿(dian)(dian)、東西廊廡等,共計20余間。殿(dian)(dian)宇巍峨,金碧輝煌。觀前(qian)數丈石岸(an)托起(qi),氣宇軒昂,高峻雄偉,十分(fen)壯觀。
碑文
據碑文(wen)記載,該(gai)觀(guan)創建于南宋(song)(song)紹定(ding)二年(nian)(1229),明(ming)正(zheng)德(de)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(1512)本(ben)觀(guan)道士李洞仁協同(tong)道長任守明(ming)籌資重(zhong)修(xiu),至明(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)(jing)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(1528)竣工。此次(ci)(ci)維修(xiu),歷經(jing)十余載,觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)格(ge)局得(de)以(yi)(yi)成形。缺者(zhe)則(ze)(ze)補,欹者(zhe)則(ze)(ze)正(zheng),圣像易塑,畫之以(yi)(yi)彩,施之以(yi)(yi)金。中區玉(yu)皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)并(bing)同(tong)前飾(shi)。殿(dian)(dian)后五(wu)祖七(qi)(qi)真像移于殿(dian)(dian)左,十王殿(dian)(dian)、三(san)官祠位于殿(dian)(dian)右(you)。次(ci)(ci)則(ze)(ze)關(guan)王、護道分侍(shi)。今之廟(miao)貌,多(duo)為此次(ci)(ci)修(xiu)葺(qi)所致。 三(san)清殿(dian)(dian)建于南宋(song)(song)紹定(ding)二年(nian)(1229)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)梁架斗拱上繪有古錢紋、云紋等(deng)各種彩繪圖(tu)案,與宋(song)(song)《營造法式》中彩繪作紋樣(yang)極為相似(si),為宋(song)(song)代(dai)遺作無疑(yi)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)四壁繪有人(ren)物(wu)山(shan)水壁畫,繪技精湛。觀(guan)內(nei)(nei)存宋(song)(song)代(dai)八(ba)角經(jing)幢(chuang)1幢(chuang),明(ming)嘉(jia)靖(jing)(jing)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)重(zhong)修(xiu)碑2通。為省重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。
現狀
2001年06月25日(ri),會(hui)仙觀(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)金至清時期古建筑,被(bei)國(guo)務院批(pi)準列入第五批(pi)全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)名單。