寺廟簡介
惠 濟 寺 (第二批省保)
時代:宋
地(di)址:原平市(shi)東(dong)北15公里練(lian)家崗村
寺(si)坐北(bei)朝南,由山(shan)門、文殊(shu)殿、鐘樓(lou)、伽(jia)藍殿、大(da)佛殿及東(dong)西廊廡等建筑組成,占地面積2135平(ping)方米。
文(wen)殊殿為康清(qing)熙五十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1714年(nian))重建,面(mian)寬、進(jin)深各三(san)間,平面(mian)近(jin)方(fang)形,單檐懸山(shan)頂。殿內佛(fo)壇(tan)上保(bao)存彩塑(su)18尊,兩山(shan)墻繪(hui)壁畫20余平方(fang)米(mi)。
大(da)(da)佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)宋代(dai)(dai)遺構,面寬(kuan)五間(jian),進深八椽(chuan),單檐(yan)歇山頂,磚(zhuan)建月臺(tai)寬(kuan)大(da)(da)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)使(shi)用(yong)減(jian)柱(zhu)造,金柱(zhu)上(shang)用(yong)大(da)(da)雀替承內(nei)(nei)(nei)額,其上(shang)四椽(chuan)栿與前(qian)后(hou)乳栿搭(da)交。柱(zhu)頭斗栱五鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)雙下(xia)昂(ang),里(li)轉六鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)出三抄(chao),后(hou)尾置于順(shun)梁(liang)下(xia),明間(jian)補間(jian)鋪(pu)(pu)作(zuo)出45度斜昂(ang)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)佛壇上(shang)塑(su)佛、菩薩、脅侍、童子、金剛等,為(wei)宋塑(su)佳(jia)作(zuo)。兩壁千佛閣(ge)內(nei)(nei)(nei)存有157尊宋代(dai)(dai)木雕,雕工精(jing)細,刀法有力。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)后(hou)壁奉曹氏姥塑(su)像一尊。
寺廟歷史
始(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)唐(tang),宋(song)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian),金(jin)(jin)元明清(qing)屢有(you)修葺(qi)。始(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)唐(tang),宋(song)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian),金(jin)(jin)元明清(qing)屢有(you)修葺(qi)。有(you)山(shan)(shan)門,觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian),鐘樓,伽藍殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東西廊廡,大(da)佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內塑像俱(ju)存(cun)。其中大(da)佛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)歷史(shi)最古,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑結構(gou)及其塑像藝術尚保存(cun)宋(song)代風格。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)身寬五間,深八櫞,單檐歇山(shan)(shan)式屋頂,柱(zhu)頭(tou)施五鋪作斗拱承托出檐及梁枋。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)四根,分布兩側,平面(mian)小八角,猶存(cun)唐(tang)宋(song)古制。金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)上用大(da)雀(que)替承內額, 上用四櫞狀(zhuang)與(yu)前后乳袱搭交,突破唐(tang)宋(song)結構(gou)舊規(gui),向(xiang)擴大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內方向(xiang)變化。佛壇(tan)上泥塑佛,菩薩,脅待,童(tong)子(zi),金(jin)(jin)剛等 比例適(shi)度,線條(tiao)和諧,面(mian)形圓(yuan)潤,衣飾流暢,脅侍菩薩下肢紗羅透體,塑工(gong)之(zhi)巧,當為宋(song)金(jin)(jin)佳作。
建筑分布
寺廟結構
惠濟寺(si)(si)(si)面(mian)積(ji)為八間(jian)(jian)(jian),進深兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),分(fen)上(shang)下兩(liang)層。主(zhu)(zhu)殿三間(jian)(jian)(jian)居于中部,下層主(zhu)(zhu)殿內有(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)畫,內容為釋、道、儒(ru)三教圣像,像前(qian)置有(you)(you)(you)隔扇(shan),隔扇(shan)前(qian)為供奉活動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)地,左右各為一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)住屋(wu)。右住屋(wu)的石(shi)壁(bi)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)黑洞,高約一(yi)米,可由此(ci)通(tong)向寺(si)(si)(si)東絕(jue)壁(bi)上(shang)的另一(yi)小廟(miao)。今小廟(miao)已毀,僅留支撐(cheng)寺(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)的懸柱一(yi)根,稍有(you)(you)(you)風吹動(dong),即左右搖(yao)擺不定,當地人稱之(zhi)(zhi)為“扒拉柱”。金安寺(si)(si)(si)上(shang)層主(zhu)(zhu)進深兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),均(jun)為通(tong)天(tian)柱(5.1米)。余間(jian)(jian)(jian)皆進深兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)走廊,走廊前(qian)又有(you)(you)(you)木板伸出,為棧橋式(shi)殿內有(you)(you)(you)閣(ge),內畫玉皇像。線條流暢,比(bi)例適當,工藝相(xiang)當精細。下層面(mian)闊八間(jian)(jian)(jian),其中主(zhu)(zhu)殿三間(jian)(jian)(jian)。主(zhu)(zhu)殿,前(qian)置望柱七根,裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)木欄(lan)板。整個建筑之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)部均(jun)懸于空中,下用十(shi)余根木柱支撐(cheng),結構奇特,十(shi)分(fen)險峻。上(shang)層面(mian)闊五間(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)(zhu)殿三間(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)(zhu)殿進深兩(liang)間(jian)(jian)(jian),余皆進深一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。前(qian)均(jun)置走廊,供人登高望遠(yuan)。
寺廟布局
中(zhong)國古(gu)代寺(si)(si)廟的(de)布局大(da)多(duo)是(shi)正面中(zhong)路為山門(men),山門(men)內(nei)左(zuo)右(you)分別為鐘樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou),正面是(shi)天(tian)王殿(dian),殿(dian)內(nei)有四大(da)金剛塑像,后面依(yi)次為大(da)雄寶殿(dian)和藏經樓(lou)(lou)(lou),僧房、齋堂則(ze)分列正中(zhong)路左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)側。大(da)雄寶殿(dian)是(shi)佛寺(si)(si)中(zhong)最重(zhong)要、最龐大(da)的(de)建筑,“大(da)雄”即為佛祖釋加牟尼。因而中(zhong)國佛寺(si)(si)不論規模地點(dian),其建筑布局是(shi)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定規律(lv)的(de):平面方(fang)(fang)形,以山門(men)殿(dian)——天(tian)王殿(dian)——大(da)雄寶殿(dian)——本寺(si)(si)主(zhu)供菩薩殿(dian)——法堂——藏經樓(lou)(lou)(lou)這(zhe)條(tiao)南北縱(zong)(zong)深軸線來(lai)組織空間,對稱(cheng)穩重(zhong)且整(zheng)飭嚴謹。惠濟寺(si)(si)的(de)全寺(si)(si)布局則(ze)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,天(tian)王殿(dian)后面,大(da)雄寶殿(dian)、大(da)悲殿(dian)、藏經樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、玉皇殿(dian)、方(fang)(fang)丈(zhang)室等均在一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)平行(xing)線上(shang),屬于(yu)華北園林建筑風格。這(zhe)也與它依(yi)山就勢的(de)地理位(wei)置有關,無法縱(zong)(zong)向延(yan)伸,只(zhi)能(neng)橫(heng)向發展(zhan)。慧(hui)濟寺(si)(si)里(li)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)處龍(long)泉,其意(yi)義頗(po)似觀音凈(jing)(jing)瓶里(li)的(de)凈(jing)(jing)水(shui),很多(duo)人都希望能(neng)沾上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)凈(jing)(jing)水(shui),與佛結緣。
寺廟景觀
文殊殿(dian)(dian)為康清熙五十(shi)三年(1714年)重(zhong)建,面寬(kuan)、進(jin)深各三間(jian),平面近方形,單檐懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)。殿(dian)(dian)內佛壇(tan)上保存(cun)彩塑(su)(su)18尊,兩山(shan)(shan)墻繪壁畫(hua)20余平方米。 大佛殿(dian)(dian)為宋(song)代(dai)(dai)遺構,面寬(kuan)五間(jian),進(jin)深八椽,單檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding),磚建月臺寬(kuan)大。殿(dian)(dian)內使用(yong)減(jian)柱造,金(jin)柱上用(yong)大雀替(ti)承內額,其(qi)上四椽栿與前后(hou)乳(ru)栿搭(da)交。柱頭斗栱(gong)五鋪作(zuo)雙下昂,里轉六鋪作(zuo)出三抄(chao),后(hou)尾置于順梁下,明間(jian)補間(jian)鋪作(zuo)出45度斜昂。殿(dian)(dian)內佛壇(tan)上塑(su)(su)佛、菩薩、脅侍、童子、金(jin)剛等,為宋(song)塑(su)(su)佳(jia)作(zuo)。兩壁千(qian)佛閣內存(cun)有157尊宋(song)代(dai)(dai)木(mu)雕(diao)(diao),雕(diao)(diao)工(gong)精細(xi),刀法(fa)有力。殿(dian)(dian)內后(hou)壁奉曹(cao)氏姥塑(su)(su)像一尊。寺(si)中庵(an),奉曹(cao)氏姥,相(xiang)傳唐時建寺(si),曹(cao)氏布施汲水,每日一缸,供營(ying)建用(yong),工(gong)竣而坐化。后(hou)人念其(qi)功德,建庵(an)祀之。
寺廟佛殿
大(da)(da)圓(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),是惠濟寺的(de)(de)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian),建于(yu)清康熙年間,“圓(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”是觀音的(de)(de)代(dai)名(ming)詞,其(qi)意(yi)是“不偏倚(yi),無阻礙”,圓(yuan)滿通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)達(da)。大(da)(da)圓(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)即(ji)觀音菩薩(sa)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)佛教經典(dian)中(zhong),觀音是耳根通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(一(yi)(yi)根通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong))即(ji)六根(眼(yan)、耳、鼻、舌、身(shen)、意(yi))通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。觀音菩薩(sa)能聽到(dao)苦(ku)難的(de)(de)呼救聲,便能眼(yan)觀,故名(ming)觀音。大(da)(da)圓(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)是單層重檐的(de)(de)木結構建筑,頂(ding)蓋黃(huang)色琉璃(li)瓦(wa),飛(fei)檐翹角,莊重典(dian)雅,是典(dian)型的(de)(de)清初建筑風格(ge)。大(da)(da)圓(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)兩旁(pang)端(duan)坐(zuo)著32座(zuo)觀音應身(shen)像,展示了觀音在(zai)十方世(shi)界(jie)以不同身(shen)份(fen)出現的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)形象(xiang)。再(zai)加上中(zhong)間供奉(feng)的(de)(de)觀音佛身(shen),共33身(shen)。這里還有一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)白(bai)玉的(de)(de)觀音,很多人拜完以后,都會摸一(yi)(yi)摸玉觀音的(de)(de)腳。
相關資料
現存(cun)主殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)文(wen)殊殿(dian)(dian),為(wei)(wei)宋代重建,殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)仍保留有(you)(you)(you)唐柱(zhu)兩根(gen)。前(qian)柱(zhu)四根(gen)呈八(ba)字形(xing),稍向內(nei)(nei)(nei)傾(qing),且保留有(you)(you)(you)唐代建筑風格。此殿(dian)(dian)面闊五間,進深三(san)間,前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)廊子(zi),并有(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)鋪月臺(tai),殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)兩柱(zhu)上懸(xuan)掛(gua)對聯一副(fu):福殿(dian)(dian)巍(wei)峨山接三(san)清法界,天香縹緲如游九府神宮。 殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)彩塑,造型(xing)優美,姿態生(sheng)動(dong),衣紋(wen)流暢,比例勻稱,為(wei)(wei)目前(qian)宋塑中罕(han)見珍(zhen)品。兩壁千佛閣內(nei)(nei)(nei)的宋代木雕(diao),現存(cun)有(you)(you)(you)157尊(zun),其(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)十尊(zun)三(san)頭六臂,雕(diao)工(gong)精(jing)細,刀法有(you)(you)(you)力,真(zhen)可謂藝(yi)術(shu)大(da)作。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)壁畫,內(nei)(nei)(nei)容(rong)為(wei)(wei)菩(pu)薩救難,色彩以(yi)石(shi)綠和鐵(tie)青色為(wei)(wei)主,筆工(gong)古樸。
在殿(dian)內壁(bi)角(jiao),有一(yi)曹(cao)姑姑坐化像,其(qi)外部泥(ni)塑(su),其(qi)內確有人體骨骼。據傳在建此廟時,此地有曹(cao)氏姥(lao)愿以(yi)汲水為布(bu)施,每清晨汲水一(yi)缸,則(ze)足夠工人一(yi)日之用,竣工后而曹(cao)氏姥(lao)便坐化。于是,在寺(si)中別修一(yi)庵(an)塑(su)像祀之,以(yi)其(qi)有功于寺(si)