芒果视频

工程特點

五門(men)堰(yan)，位于(yu)陜西(xi)省城固(gu)縣(xian)城北15公里處的湑(xu)水(shui)(shui)河右岸，堰(yan)壩(ba)在桔園鎮東偶，渠(qu)首在許家廟鎮街東南。截湑(xu)水(shui)(shui)灌田，因渠(qu)首橫列(lie)五洞進水(shui)(shui)故名五門(men)堰(yan)。

自東北而來(lai)的湑(xu)水河流經(jing)這里，拐了一個(ge)“L”形彎(wan)，轉向東南逝(shi)去，五門堰(yan)就卡在這個(ge)彎(wan)節(jie)上(shang)，大致呈東北至西南走向。這是一座(zuo)低壩攔河引水灌溉設(she)施(shi)，汛時(shi)(shi)不(bu)礙泄洪，旱時(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)水灌溉。

建筑雄(xiong)偉，攔河壩(ba)長374米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)高1.2米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)頂平臺寬2.5米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)坡(po)寬15米(mi)(mi)。渠(qu)首五洞(dong)，東二(er)西三，形似五門，可(ke)以啟閉，下500米(mi)(mi)處，設有進水龍(long)門2孔(kong)(kong)，退水龍(long)門4孔(kong)(kong)，可(ke)控制水量，設計科(ke)學合理，頗有四川都江堰建筑之風。干渠(qu)長8.9公里，引水量2.5立方米(mi)(mi)/秒，現灌溉農田7300余畝。

歷史淵源

相(xiang)傳始建(jian)于漢(han)。宋紹興年(nian)前叫唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)堰。創(chuang)于何(he)時，無確切記載。清嘉(jia)慶十年(nian)（1805）《唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車按畝攤錢的批復》載：“唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)始于漢(han)朝，疏小渠以(yi)灌(guan)田(tian)，流鼻底（斗山）而歸河（湑(xu)水河）”。清道光三年(nian)（1823）《唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)車水利碑》載：“五門之渠實起漢(han)矣，相(xiang)傳以(yi)來，渠口丈八(ba)。”唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)房（昉）。據東(dong)漢(han)靈帝(di)時所立“仙人唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)昉碑”載：“唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)房新(xin)莽①居(ju)攝二年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元7年(nian)）為郡吏(li)，遇真人，舉家升仙。”唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)房升仙雖為神話傳說，以(yi)“唐(tang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”命名(ming)，后世稱“始于漢(han)朝”是可(ke)信的。

文物保護

五(wu)門堰歷史悠久(jiu)(jiu)，工程建筑科學合(he)理，功效顯(xian)著，倍受歷代官府、民(min)眾的重(zhong)視與保護，因而久(jiu)(jiu)經(jing)不衰。建國后，古堰古建筑得到妥善保護。同時對找回(hui)的散失文物(wu)，重(zhong)新陳列保護，修建碑廊一座。1982年縣人民(min)政府公布為縣級重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。1984年五(wu)門堰列入省重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。2006年6月五(wu)門堰被國務院公布為全(quan)國重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。

五(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)堰(yan)(yan)有龍門(men)(men)寺古(gu)(gu)廟一座，三進(jin)四院(yuan)，有大佛殿、禹稷殿、太白樓、觀音閣、望江樓、碑亭(ting)、官房等(deng)明(ming)、清古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)三十余(yu)間，歷為五(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)堰(yan)(yan)局(ju)住所。為城固縣(xian)五(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)堰(yan)(yan)文物(wu)管理所和五(wu)(wu)門(men)(men)堰(yan)(yan)水管站住址。

觀(guan)音閣，道光十七年(nian)（1837）建(jian)(jian)。閣由臺(tai)基(ji)、木(mu)架、頂三(san)(san)(san)(san)部組成，臺(tai)基(ji)長4.6米、寬1.2米、高0.97米，全用石條壘砌。1984～1986年(nian)政府(fu)撥款(kuan)11.4萬(wan)元維修(xiu)。龍(long)門(men)寺廟(miao)(miao)，廟(miao)(miao)在堰頭西南20米處，三(san)(san)(san)(san)進(jin)兩(liang)(liang)院。進(jin)門(men)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)間兩(liang)(liang)層(ceng)舊式瓦(wa)房(fang)，嘉(jia)慶(qing)二(er)十一(yi)年(nian)（1816）創(chuang)修(xiu)。光緒三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)（1877）夏毀(hui)(hui)于火，同年(nian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。樓上原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)太(tai)白神泥(ni)(ni)塑，1958年(nian)毀(hui)(hui)。二(er)進(jin)，三(san)(san)(san)(san)間清式瓦(wa)房(fang)，是禹(yu)(yu)稷(ji)(ji)殿，明萬(wan)歷四年(nian)（1576）修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)；殿中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)后稷(ji)(ji)夏禹(yu)(yu)泥(ni)(ni)塑，左(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)喬起(qi)鳳，右有(you)(you)(you)(you)高登(deng)明泥(ni)(ni)塑，解放后均毀(hui)(hui)。近年(nian)重(zhong)塑，中(zhong)為后稷(ji)(ji)夏禹(yu)(yu)，兩(liang)(liang)旁為蒲庸、喬起(qi)鳳、高登(deng)明、張世英泥(ni)(ni)塑像。后一(yi)排是大佛殿，清式瓦(wa)房(fang)，康熙十五年(nian)（1676）重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。1985年(nian)漢中(zhong)地區撥款(kuan)翻修(xiu)龍(long)門(men)寺廟(miao)(miao)，煥然一(yi)新。石碑，原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)22通(tong)，現存41通(tong)，是研(yan)究五門(men)堰的重(zhong)要實物(wu)資料。