七個(ge)洞(dong)崖墓群漢代崖墓葬(zang)位于(yu)長寧縣古(gu)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)保民村(cun),岷溪河(he)(he)北岸(an)的紅砂巖峭壁上,共(gong)28座。因有7座;集(ji)中建于(yu)高約(yue)3~8米的絕壁,遠望7個(ge)墓門若洞(dong),故(gu)名“七個(ge)洞(dong)”。各墓早(zao)被破壞,無隨葬(zang)物(wu),唯墓室結(jie)構和石刻畫像、題記保存完好。
“七個洞”的7座(zuo)崖(ya)墓從上(shang)至(zhi)下排作四列,單室,拱(gong)頂(ding)或弧(hu)形(xing)頂(ding),墓室平面呈長(chang)方形(xing),長(chang)2.4~4.2米,寬1.7~2.6米,高1.3~2米,室內鑿雙石棺(guan)(guan)的3座(zuo),鑿1具石棺(guan)(guan)的2座(zuo);棺(guan)(guan)具與(yu)室壁相連。墓門呈方形(xing),三(san)層(ceng)門楣由外到(dao)內逐層(ceng)縮小。墓群(qun)的石刻圖像,分布(bu)(bu)在墓門周圍石壁上(shang)的多陰刻;分布(bu)(bu)在室壁及石棺(guan)(guan)上(shang)的均為浮雕。其內容有伏羲、女媧、衛士(shi)、舞女、侍(shi)女、車馬出行、宴飲、伎戲(xi)、闕、青龍、白虎、朱雀(que)、錢范紋等。題記計有7處,分二類:一(yi)為紀(ji)年,有“熹(xi)平元年”、“延光(guang)元年”等;二為姓氏,有“李”、“黃”、“趙之(zhi)門”等。
遺址規模
七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群鑿(zao)于岷溪(xi)河岸的(de)紅(hong)砂(sha)巖(yan)峭壁(bi)上(shang),洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)從上(shang)至下排座(zuo)四列,大大小小的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群共28座(zuo),錯(cuo)落分布(bu)(bu)在好幾公里山崖(ya)上(shang),分布(bu)(bu)面(mian)積(ji)約4000平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),其中(zhong)7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)較(jiao)集(ji)中(zhong),其余21墓(mu)(mu)(mu)分散錯(cuo)落分布(bu)(bu)。集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)為長方(fang)形弧(hu)形頂(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室,遠望7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)若洞(dong)(dong),故名“七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)”。七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)崖(ya)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群的(de)壁(bi)頂(ding)上(shang)有天(tian)然(ran)巖(yan)廈,7墓(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)為單(dan)室,無(wu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)道。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)呈方(fang)形,由(you)外到內逐層縮小,門(men)額及兩側都(dou)鑿(zao)有整齊平(ping)行斜線(xian)或錯(cuo)向三角斜線(xian),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)和(he)峭壁(bi)上(shang)有浮雕(diao),如飛龍、舞(wu)女、花卉、雜技(ji)、燈籠等(deng)圖案189幅、29種類型和(he)文字題(ti)記(ji),順著(zhu)七(qi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)延伸的(de)巖(yan)石再往前探(tan)尋,類似的(de)古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)還有二三十個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。
文物遺存
七個洞(dong)崖(ya)墓保存了內容(rong)(rong)豐(feng)富的石(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)和題記(ji),可(ke)分為兩大部(bu)分:一為墓室(包(bao)括(kuo)石(shi)棺(guan)外(wai)壁和墓門(men))石(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang);二為墓外(wai)壁石(shi)刻畫(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)(包(bao)括(kuo)紀年題記(ji))。內容(rong)(rong)主要(yao)是(shi)神話傳說、祥禽(qin)瑞獸、傳統(tong)禮儀、舞樂百(bai)戲等。