芒果视频

世德堂怎么樣

世(shi)德堂是(shi)蘭溪地區最具宋(song)元風(feng)格(ge)的木構建(jian)筑，其正廳(ting)檐下(xia)的單(dan)(dan)抄(chao)雙下(xia)昂六鋪作和內槽三疊梁等都是(shi)當地古建(jian)的罕見孤(gu)例，1997年(nian)該建(jian)筑被(bei)公(gong)布為(wei)浙江省文(wen)物保(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位。譜載世(shi)德堂是(shi)為(wei)祭祀三泉人唐元章、唐良嗣兩(liang)位南宋(song)抗(kang)元名將(jiang)而(er)建(jian)，南宋(song)德祐(you)二年(nian)(1276年(nian))唐氏(shi)叔侄二人率兵大敗元軍(jun)(jun)于蘭溪黃(huang)湓灘，朝廷(ting)加元章朝請大夫，命知嚴州(zhou)，加良嗣閣門宣贊(zan)武(wu)翼將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、江淮閩浙都統兵馬使(shi)，兩(liang)年(nian)后(hou)分別戰死(si)在龍游白(bai)云(yun)寺和江山仙霞(xia)嶺，宋(song)丞相文(wen)天祥為(wei)其題寫(xie)的“正氣千(qian)秋”、勅封“武(wu)翼將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)”兩(liang)古匾一(yi)直(zhi)保(bao)留于世(shi)德堂，所以民間有世(shi)德堂為(wei)宋(song)元遺構之(zhi)說。

2005年(nian)世(shi)德堂維修期間，“狀元及第(di)”（明嘉靖庚戌殿試第(di)一甲第(di)一名(ming)唐汝楫立）、“翰林(lin)學士”（宋天圣翰林(lin)唐滿(man)立）、勅封(feng)“溫國公(gong)”（宋戶(hu)部侍(shi)郎唐恪立）、特賜“成忠(zhong)郎”（宋鄧州都(dou)司唐堯卿立）等宋明豎匾也得到(dao)修整，另有幾十塊毀于“文革(ge)”的(de)(de)橫(heng)匾也因當年(nian)一位睿智(zhi)老(lao)人(ren)的(de)(de)偷(tou)偷(tou)摘抄而重(zhong)見(jian)天日于盛世(shi)。那些標榜著宗(zong)族榮耀的(de)(de)文字多少(shao)會有炫耀和教化的(de)(de)動機，但無(wu)疑也是(shi)唐氏后裔(yi)的(de)(de)精神氣(qi)質所在(zai)。

世德堂俗稱將士廳(ting)(ting)，坐北(bei)朝南偏(pian)東(dong)45°左(zuo)右，總體為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)兩(liang)(liang)天井合(he)院(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，依次(ci)有(you)(you)(you)照壁、門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、門廳(ting)(ting)、正廳(ting)(ting)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)、廂廊(lang)(lang)、夾(jia)弄等組成。現存磚(zhuan)雕(diao)門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，四柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)五(wu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)牌坊式(shi)(shi)(shi)，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)脊有(you)(you)(you)寶瓶、三(san)(san)戟、獅(shi)(shi)子和魚龍(long)吻獸等吉祥(xiang)飾物，正樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)書“東(dong)魯”二(er)字(zi)，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不忘山(shan)(shan)東(dong)先祖，額枋上有(you)(you)(you)高浮雕(diao)的(de)雙(shuang)獅(shi)(shi)戲球、麒麟、牡(mu)丹等，各檐出(chu)(chu)跳仿木(mu)(mu)五(wu)踩計(ji)心斗(dou)拱(gong)共十二(er)攢，部分(fen)施(shi)象(xiang)鼻昂(ang)(ang)，拱(gong)眼壁等處有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)畫。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)庫門，有(you)(you)(you)泡釘，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)設抱(bao)鼓石(shi)和旗桿石(shi)。門廳(ting)(ting)面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)九(jiu)檁，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)對前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)雙(shuang)步(bu)，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)混合(he)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，磚(zhuan)制(zhi)仿木(mu)(mu)梁(liang)(liang)架，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)檐在(zai)清(qing)道光二(er)十年(nian)（1840年(nian)）拆改出(chu)(chu)單(dan)(dan)檐歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)固(gu)定式(shi)(shi)(shi)戲臺(tai)，檐下(xia)撐托(tuo)獅(shi)(shi)子牛腿，該進(jin)(jin)建(jian)筑在(zai)3年(nian)前(qian)的(de)大(da)修中(zhong)(zhong)更換了較多(duo)的(de)大(da)木(mu)(mu)構(gou)件。戲臺(tai)正對正廳(ting)(ting)，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)用(yong)廂廊(lang)(lang)各三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圍合(he)天井。正廳(ting)(ting)面闊三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，進(jin)(jin)深(shen)三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)才(cai)粗壯，結構(gou)奇巧，在(zai)當(dang)地有(you)(you)(you)民間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)小皇(huang)宮之稱。前(qian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)和補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)出(chu)(chu)單(dan)(dan)抄(chao)雙(shuang)下(xia)昂(ang)(ang)六鋪作共十朵(duo)（其中(zhong)(zhong)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)各兩(liang)(liang)朵(duo)），單(dan)(dan)材(cai)重(zhong)拱(gong)計(ji)心造(zao)(zao)(zao)，昂(ang)(ang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)琴面昂(ang)(ang)，整(zheng)體與(yu)宋元(yuan)(yuan)官(guan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)做法相似，但(dan)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鋪作無(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)尾，顯(xian)然以裝飾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主、受(shou)力為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輔。前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)五(wu)檁，用(yong)覆水椽，梁(liang)(liang)架為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)結構(gou)，單(dan)(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)、三(san)(san)架梁(liang)(liang)和五(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)扁作月梁(liang)(liang)造(zao)(zao)(zao)，梁(liang)(liang)頭(tou)(tou)無(wu)雕(diao)飾，梁(liang)(liang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節點處用(yong)足材(cai)丁頭(tou)(tou)拱(gong)，騎(qi)(qi)栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)順檁方(fang)向出(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)跳足材(cai)，坐斗(dou)下(xia)用(yong)駝峰。內槽七檁，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)結構(gou)，三(san)(san)架梁(liang)(liang)、五(wu)架梁(liang)(liang)、七架梁(liang)(liang)互相疊加成“三(san)(san)疊梁(liang)(liang)”，七架梁(liang)(liang)插入前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)櫨斗(dou)，櫨斗(dou)用(yong)圓(yuan)形(xing)，出(chu)(chu)十字(zi)拱(gong)、蟬肚替(ti)木(mu)(mu)等承托(tuo)梁(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)。所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)梁(liang)(liang)栿(fa)(fa)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)均用(yong)騎(qi)(qi)栿(fa)(fa)拱(gong)（十字(zi)拱(gong)）承托(tuo)，次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山(shan)(shan)縫(feng)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)穿(chuan)斗(dou)混合(he)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，中(zhong)(zhong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)落地，兩(liang)(liang)旁(pang)(pang)用(yong)單(dan)(dan)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)、雙(shuang)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)和三(san)(san)步(bu)梁(liang)(liang)疊加，風(feng)格與(yu)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)架取(qu)得(de)統一。后(hou)(hou)(hou)廊(lang)(lang)用(yong)單(dan)(dan)步(bu)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)檐額及內額施(shi)一斗(dou)九(jiu)升的(de)扶(fu)壁拱(gong)和襻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)拱(gong)。除(chu)西(xi)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)根外(wai)均用(yong)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，梭(suo)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)，明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、四金柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鼓狀(zhuang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎，其余(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礩形(xing)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎。根據正廳(ting)(ting)大(da)木(mu)(mu)分(fen)析，專(zhuan)家斷代為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)末明(ming)(ming)初建(jian)筑。后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)末添建(jian)，三(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)兩(liang)(liang)搭廂式(shi)(shi)(shi)，正房(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重(zhong)檐樓(lou)(lou)(lou)屋，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)抬(tai)(tai)(tai)梁(liang)(liang)結構(gou)，每間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)四扇五(wu)抹(mo)隔扇門，前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)出(chu)(chu)三(san)(san)檁，青(qing)石(shi)抹(mo)角方(fang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，四只人物動(dong)物牛腿為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近年(nian)被盜后(hou)(hou)(hou)重(zhong)新復(fu)制(zhi)，兩(liang)(liang)次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)梁(liang)(liang)架與(yu)山(shan)(shan)墻間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)梯可登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)上草架，用(yong)七檁，前(qian)檐有(you)(you)(you)樸素的(de)壺(hu)嘴(zui)形(xing)撐拱(gong)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)廳(ting)(ting)存有(you)(you)(you)供(gong)奉祖先牌位的(de)神櫥，小木(mu)(mu)作較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)考究。