人(ren)(ren)物介紹李元諒(liang)(732),唐代安(an)息(今伊朗)人(ren)(ren),本(ben)姓安(an),出生于伊斯(si)蘭教(jiao)世家。自幼由宦官駱奉先收養(yang),改(gai)(gai)姓駱,名(ming)元光。唐德宗(zong)時(shi)著名(ming)將領(ling),曾(ceng)數次參加(jia)平叛,屢建功(gong)績,升華(hua)州刺史(shi),加(jia)檢校尚書左(zuo)仆(pu)射,封武康郡王(wang)。德宗(zong)貞元三(san)年(787年),吐蕃向大(da)唐請(qing)和(he),雙(shuang)方商定會盟(meng)于平涼。吐蕃劫(jie)盟(meng),駱元光率部(bu)接(jie)應,救(jiu)出會盟(meng)主帥渾瑊(zhen),其余隨行官員千余人(ren)(ren)皆(jie)被俘,當(dang)時(shi)如無(wu)駱元光的機智(zhi)果斷(duan),則會全(quan)軍覆(fu)沒(mei)。故此,唐德宗(zong)予以嘉獎,并(bing)賜姓李氏,改(gai)(gai)名(ming)元諒(liang)。
貞(zhen)元(yuan)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(788年(nian)(nian)(nian)),加封李(li)(li)元(yuan)諒(liang)為隴右節(jie)度使(shi),駐守良原(今(jin)靈(ling)臺縣梁原)。不久又(you)擴展防區,收復失地,新筑崇(chong)信城。貞(zhen)元(yuan)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(793年(nian)(nian)(nian))十一月,李(li)(li)元(yuan)諒(liang)因(yin)積(ji)勞成疾,長眠于(yu)這片他曾為此付出(chu)了半生心血的(de)地方(fang)(fang),享(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)六十二歲。根據他的(de)遺愿,人(ren)們把他的(de)墳墓筑在崇(chong)信縣城西北面的(de)高山上。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月10日,被甘肅(su)省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)公(gong)布為省(sheng)級重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。武(wu)康(kang)王廟:第(di)五批(pi)全國(guo)重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。明(ming)、清時又(you)名李(li)(li)元(yuan)諒(liang)寢宮(gong),俗稱城隍廟,為奉(feng)祀唐代武(wu)康(kang)郡王、隴右節(jie)度使(shi)李(li)(li)元(yuan)諒(liang)而建。位于(yu)甘肅(su)省(sheng)平(ping)(ping)涼市崇(chong)信縣城東(dong)街(jie)。占地3337平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米,由寢宮(gong)和拜殿組成。
梁、檁(lin)交接處(chu)用蜀柱(zhu)帶斗(dou)拱(gong)。斗(dou)拱(gong)用材較大,斗(dou)拱(gong)與(yu)柱(zhu)子之比為(wei) 27%;檐柱(zhu)內傾,柱(zhu)子斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)高度為(wei)1:8.13;屋頂(ding)平緩(huan),屋頂(ding)起坡與(yu)跨度的(de)比例為(wei)1:3.58。 拜殿面(mian)(mian)闊五間(jian),進深一間(jian),磚木結構,四檁(lin)卷棚頂(ding),兩(liang)山做成攢尖式樣(yang)。柱(zhu)頭施(shi)三(san)踩(cai)單昂頭栱(gong),昂頭雕成象(xiang)鼻、虎(hu)頭、鳳頭,外拽瓜栱(gong)透(tou)雕行龍或卷草紋。
武(wu)康王廟(miao)是(shi)甘肅保存的(de)(de)為數不多的(de)(de)有(you)元代(dai)特點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)木構建筑(zhu)之一(yi),其鋪作(zuo)形制、材分(fen)制度基本(ben)合乎宋(song)《營造(zao)法(fa)式(shi)》的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),但又融(rong)合了明(ming)代(dai)手法(fa)和甘肅地方工藝(yi)(yi),具(ju)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術價值(zhi)和科(ke)學(xue)價值(zhi)。2001年06月25日,武(wu)康王廟(miao)作(zuo)為明(ming)、清(qing)時期古建筑(zhu),被(bei)國務院批(pi)準列入第五批(pi)全國重點(dian)(dian)文物保護單(dan)位名單(dan)。
據(ju)縣志記(ji)載,崇(chong)信(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民因他“開拓疆(jiang)土(tu),修筑(zhu)鎮城(cheng),德被民生,感恩(en)王(wang)(wang)功(gong)”,于(yu)唐德宗(zong)貞元十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(797年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))前后(hou),在縣城(cheng)東門外(wai)一百二十(shi)(shi)步(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)祠(ci)塑(su)像,春(chun)秋祭祀。宋(song)哲宗(zong)紹(shao)圣四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1097年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)知縣王(wang)(wang)需修繕(shan)廟(miao)貌。明(ming)太祖洪武三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1370年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),縣民李斗等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)內。明(ming)英(ying)宗(zong)天順七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1463年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)知縣吉泰將原廟(miao)址內四(si)根宋(song)、元時(shi)期鐫刻石柱(zhu)移(yi)入,建(jian)(jian)(jian)亭(ting)于(yu)殿前。明(ming)神宗(zong)萬歷(li)三十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)知縣邊國柱(zhu)以(yi)塑(su)像主次不(bu)當,又未能(neng)變更,將大(da)殿改(gai)為(wei)寢宮(gong),另(ling)建(jian)(jian)(jian)正殿于(yu)前。明(ming)思宗(zong)崇(chong)禎六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),兵燹殿亭(ting)俱毀,僅(jin)剩寢宮(gong)。清德宗(zong)光(guang)緒二十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),崇(chong)信(xin)知縣陳兆康(kang)修繕(shan)大(da)殿,并(bing)重(zhong)(zhong)修獻殿。1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民國政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)對武康(kang)廟(miao)進(jin)行修繕(shan),利用(yong)殿宇儲糧。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)(he)國成立,武康(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)劃撥縣糧食(shi)部(bu)門使(shi)(shi)用(yong)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)9日(ri),崇(chong)信(xin)縣人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公(gong)布(bu)其為(wei)縣級文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)29日(ri),甘肅省人(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)公(gong)布(bu)其為(wei)第(di)五(wu)批省級重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)25日(ri),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)(he)國國務院公(gong)布(bu)其為(wei)第(di)五(wu)批全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)(wei)。 現存的(de)(de)武康(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)總體布(bu)局(ju)呈(cheng)南北(bei)(bei)縱長形,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)分別位(wei)(wei)于(yu)南北(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線上。武康(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)坐北(bei)(bei)向南,面(mian)(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian),進(jin)深三間(jian),由內外(wai)兩(liang)周柱(zhu)網組成,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)坐落在一個樸素的(de)(de)臺基上,單檐歇山頂(ding),正面(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)三間(jian)是格扇(shan)門,兩(liang)端(duan)盡間(jian)的(de)(de)山墻和(he)(he)后(hou)部(bu)用(yong)厚實的(de)(de)土(tu)墻圍繞。外(wai)廊兩(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)檐柱(zhu)略向中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心傾(qing)斜并(bing)逐漸升(sheng)高,在古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上將這種做法稱為(wei)側(ce)腳和(he)(he)升(sheng)起。柱(zhu)上和(he)(he)開間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又置以(yi)形式龐大(da)有(you)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)斗栱,上面(mian)(mian)挑出屋(wu)檐,使(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)感覺(jue)屋(wu)頂(ding)非常雄壯有(you)力(li)(li),莊重(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)諧。 武康(kang)王(wang)(wang)廟(miao)雖經(jing)明(ming)代(dai)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)續修,但大(da)木構架還保(bao)留了宋(song)代(dai)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特色,它(ta)是甘肅省乃至西北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)木構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)留早期構件較(jiao)多、時(shi)代(dai)較(jiao)早的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)一,是研(yan)究西北(bei)(bei)地區(qu)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術和(he)(he)生態環境的(de)(de)真實依據(ju),具有(you)很高的(de)(de)歷(li)史價值。