石(shi)空寺石(shi)窟,位于(yu)中寧縣(xian)石(shi)空西北雙龍山(shan)的南麓(lu)。雙龍山(shan)古代(dai)稱(cheng)為石(shi)空山(shan)。這里背山(shan)面水,風(feng)景秀(xiu)(xiu)麗,可以說是青山(shan)綠水,非常清秀(xiu)(xiu)。明代(dai)楊郁有詩(shi)贊(zan)曰:“古洞仰觀(guan)北擁山(shan),洪濤俯瞰水東流,倚遍危(wei)欄情未已,淡煙(yan)衰草夕陽中。”便是對這里自然風(feng)貌(mao)的寫照(zhao)。
石(shi)(shi)空寺(si)原有(you)(you)(you)大(da)佛(fo)洞、臥佛(fo)洞、觀(guan)音洞、靈光洞、龍(long)王洞等石(shi)(shi)窟(ku),在石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)前(qian)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)下建有(you)(you)(you)寺(si)院(yuan),寺(si)院(yuan)中還置有(you)(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)類塑(su)(su)神(shen)像。乾隆《中衛縣志》對石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)作過詳(xiang)細的(de)(de)描(miao)述:“寺(si)在半山,為(wei)兩(liang)院(yuan)。東(dong)院(yuan)山門內,重(zhong)樓依山,樓下啟洞而(er)(er)入(ru),中若著(zhu)邃屋。……兩(liang)院(yuan)梯上(shang)(shang)階而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)(you)真武閣、亦因山窟(ku)而(er)(er)室。轉西(xi)(xi)則(ze)新建佛(fo)殿巍然,內外各(ge)(ge)六(liu)楹。其前(qian)因山筑臺,憑欄遠眺(tiao),河流環(huan)抱,村(cun)(cun)堡錯(cuo)落。”由于(yu)這(zhe)里是格里騰大(da)沙漠(mo)的(de)(de)南緣,風沙很大(da),加上(shang)(shang)晚清(qing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),社會(hui)動亂(luan),農村(cun)(cun)調敝,寺(si)院(yuan)荒廢(fei),無人維修,石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)逐(zhu)被流沙淹埋。到了(le)本世紀40年代(dai)末(mo),僅存(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個群眾稱為(wei)“九(jiu)間(jian)沒梁(liang)洞”的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku),洞前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)寺(si)院(yuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座。“九(jiu)間(jian)沒梁(liang)洞”寬為(wei)12.5米,進(jin)深7.3米,高約(yue)20余米,窟(ku)室寬敞宏大(da),窟(ku)室前(qian)部(bu)門上(shang)(shang)方左右兩(liang)側各(ge)(ge)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方形(xing)明窟(ku)。里壁(bi)并(bing)列(lie)三個佛(fo)龕,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)邊(bian)各(ge)(ge)置佛(fo)壇(tan),造像雖已(yi)殘破,但大(da)部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)精致的(de)(de)明代(dai)彩塑(su)(su);壁(bi)面(mian)有(you)(you)(you)彩繪的(de)(de)佛(fo)教故事,工筆細膩;窟(ku)頂彩繪西(xi)(xi)蕃蓮圖案(an),線(xian)條流暢。從(cong)80年代(dai)開始,為(wei)了(le)發(fa)掘被淹埋的(de)(de)文化寶藏,有(you)(you)(you)關方面(mian)組織財(cai)力、物力、和人力,清(qing)除淤(yu)沙,大(da)部(bu)分(fen)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)及寺(si)院(yuan)遺(yi)址已(yi)被清(qing)理出來(lai)。同時(shi)(shi)(shi)正在整修,不久可供(gong)游人游覽。 石(shi)(shi)空寺(si)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)始建于(yu)何時(shi)(shi)(shi),尚未準(zhun)確定論。明代(dai)《嘉(jia)靖寧夏新志》稱為(wei)“元故寺(si)”,這(zhe)說明石(shi)(shi)空寺(si)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)在元時(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)。明清(qing)時(shi)(shi)(shi),“石(shi)(shi)空夜燈”已(yi)是遠近(jin)聞(wen)名的(de)(de)風景區之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。
石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺的(de)(de)(de)“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)夜(ye)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)”這個(ge)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)故事(shi),早在(zai)明清時(shi)期已傳(chuan)遍雙(shuang)龍山南北。傳(chuan)說在(zai) 石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺,每當夜(ye)暮(mu)降臨之后,有(you)一(yi)(yi)位仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)駕(jia)著彩(cai)云,自碧空(kong)(kong)(kong)飄飄而(er)來(lai)(lai),她把(ba)珍珠瑪瑙撒下人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian),這些珍珠寶(bao)貝閃閃發光,光芒四射,為人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)照明。有(you)一(yi)(yi)天,一(yi)(yi)個(ge)小(xiao)伙子(zi)埋伏(fu)在(zai)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)降臨的(de)(de)(de)地方,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)撤完珠寶(bao)以后,正(zheng)要返回天宮時(shi),小(xiao)伙子(zi)冒險上(shang)前求她永留人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)拔下頭上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)玉簪,叫小(xiao)伙子(zi)把(ba)它(ta)插(cha)入(ru)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)縫中(zhong)。轉眼間(jian),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)已無影無蹤,玉簪變成了一(yi)(yi)把(ba)金(jin)鑰(yao)匙。小(xiao)伙子(zi)把(ba)它(ta)對準石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縫,輕輕一(yi)(yi)插(cha),山崩地裂,一(yi)(yi)座座宮殿從山中(zhong)飛出(chu)。自此(ci),每當黑(hei)夜(ye)降臨,宮殿里的(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)火輝煌(huang),鼓樂自鳴,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)女(nv)們(men)翩翩起舞,把(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)照得(de)通亮。當人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)爬上(shang)山腰,走進(jin)宮殿時(shi),突然燈(deng)(deng)(deng)息煙消,鼓偃舞停。宮殿原來(lai)(lai)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)個(ge)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)洞,洞內(nei)是(shi)大大小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)像和五顏六色的(de)(de)(de)壁畫,這就是(shi)中(zhong)寧石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺窟的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)歷。佛(fo)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)光從石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)洞里照射出(chu)來(lai)(lai),遙望好似(si)星斗掛在(zai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)中(zhong),“石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)”因此(ci)而(er)得(de)名。 “夜(ye)空(kong)(kong)(kong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)”歷來(lai)(lai)就是(shi)寧夏十大景(jing)觀之一(yi)(yi)。古人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)詩贊詠石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)寺石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)窟夜(ye)景(jing):“疊嶂玲瓏竦石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),誰(shui)開(kai)蘭若碧云中(zhong)。僧閑夜(ye)夜(ye)燃燈(deng)(deng)(deng)坐,遙見青山一(yi)(yi)滴紅(hong)。”
石空(kong)大佛寺,歷史(shi)源(yuan)遠流(liu)長,文(wen)化資源(yuan)豐富,優越的歷史(shi)遺韻,蘊育了特色鮮(xian)明的人文(wen)景觀。石空(kong)寺石窟俗稱大佛寺,位于寧夏中寧縣余丁鄉(xiang)集鎮(zhen)區東(dong)北角2公里(li)處的雙龍山南麓和(he)(he)金沙村界內。石空(kong)寺歷史(shi)悠久,廟(miao)窟高大奇特。殿內塑像生動(dong)逼真,壁(bi)畫工筆細膩,是寧夏及(ji)毗(pi)鄰(lin)地區不可多得的佛教勝地和(he)(he)觀光游(you)覽(lan)景點(dian)。
石(shi)空大(da)佛寺(si)石(shi)窟(ku)開鑿于(yu)唐(tang)代。據(ju)史書《隴右金石(shi)錄(lu)》、《甘肅新通(tong)志》記載:"石(shi)空寺(si)以寺(si)得名(ming),寺(si)創于(yu)唐(tang)時,就山形鑿石(shi)窟(ku),窟(ku)內(nei)造像皆唐(tang)制。"可以說,它是唐(tang)代絲(si)綢之(zhi)路上一處重要的宗教(jiao)文化(hua)遺址,1961年(nian)被寧(ning)夏回族自(zi)治區(qu)人民政府公布為重點文物保(bao)護單位。
據史料(liao)記載,大(da)佛(fo)寺分上(shang)、中(zhong)、下三(san)寺,共有石窟十(shi)三(san)個,自西向東分別為∶焰光洞(dong)、萬佛(fo)洞(dong)、石子(zi)觀音洞(dong)、老君洞(dong)、三(san)清洞(dong)、玉皇洞(dong)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)量洞(dong)、九(jiu)間(jian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁(liang)洞(dong)、財(cai)神洞(dong)、藥王洞(dong)、娘娘洞(dong)、龍王洞(dong)、睡佛(fo)洞(dong)。其中(zhong)數九(jiu)間(jian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁(liang)洞(dong)(又稱(cheng)九(jiu)間(jian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁(liang)寺,位於(wu)中(zhong)寺處)規模較為宏大(da),是大(da)佛(fo)寺的中(zhong)心,洞(dong)高二十(shi)五(wu)米,深十(shi)五(wu)米,寬十(shi)三(san)米,內(nei)塑八十(shi)八佛(fo),加上(shang)菩薩、羅(luo)漢、供養人等(deng)共有三(san)百(bai)六十(shi)尊(zun)之多。
上(shang)寺(si)有(you)(you)(you)靈光洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)八(ba).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)覆斗狀(zhuang),里(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)地藏(zang)王菩薩;百(bai)子(zi)(zi)觀(guan)音洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)一(yi).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)百(bai)子(zi)(zi)觀(guan)音;萬佛洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)八(ba).二(er)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)六米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)佛像(xiang)、羅漢,頂上(shang)塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)小(xiao)佛像(xiang),其(qi)神(shen)(shen)熊(xiong)各異,栩栩如(ru)生,神(shen)(shen)熊(xiong)慈(ci)悲(bei)安禪。以上(shang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)均在二(er)層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)閣(ge)上(shang)。第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)為(wei)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian),塑(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)華嚴三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)圣,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)釋迦(jia)牟(mou)尼佛,持(chi)說(shuo)法狀(zhuang),佛像(xiang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),金剛座(zuo)(zuo)、阿(a)難、迦(jia)葉護法,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)旁文殊(shu)騎(qi)孔雀神(shen)(shen)獅,普賢騎(qi)六牙大(da)象(xiang),殿(dian)(dian)宇金碧輝煌(huang)。其(qi)次(ci)還有(you)(you)(you)福祿壽三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)星洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)一(yi).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)一(yi).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san).二(er)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)清洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).七米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)六米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),也就是(shi)(shi)至(zhi)2018年的(de)大(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)的(de)左右配殿(dian)(dian)。玉(yu)皇洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).七米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。無量(liang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。 正面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)(ge)大(da)佛龕,正中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)一(yi)龕五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)群(qun)像(xiang),居中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)大(da)坐佛高(gao)(gao)(gao)達5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)石(shi)胎泥塑(su)(su)而成,儀態(tai)雍容。后壁(bi)(bi)為(wei)火焰(yan)光環(huan),佛龕兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側各有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)艷(yan)麗(li),可(ke)(ke)與敦(dun)煌(huang)石(shi)窟(ku)的(de)唐代壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)相媲美。 中(zhong)(zhong)寺(si)是(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)間(jian)(jian)無梁(liang)寺(si)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),它(ta)是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)石(shi)窟(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。這個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)敞宏大(da),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一(yi)百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)約二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進深(shen)七百(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)大(da)佛龕,正中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)龕為(wei)一(yi)龕五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)身(shen)(shen)群(qun)像(xiang),本尊是(shi)(shi)石(shi)胎泥塑(su)(su)的(de)釋迦(jia)牟(mou)尼佛座(zuo)(zuo)身(shen)(shen),高(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),螺發,圓臉、長眉(mei)大(da)眼(yan),耳垂至(zhi)肩,袒(tan)胸盤膝,身(shen)(shen)穿(chuan)紅色(se)(se)(se)袈(jia)娑外(wai)衣,姿熊(xiong)雍容溫和慈(ci)祥,左右兩(liang)(liang)(liang)菩薩頭(tou)戴花(hua)冠(guan),頸佩瓔珞,袒(tan)胸露臂,腕戴釧鐲,著貼身(shen)(shen)長群(qun),系彩(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)腰圍,臉部豐滿(man),長眉(mei)大(da)眼(yan),鼻子(zi)(zi)微微隆(long)起,頜下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)弧線(xian),額正中(zhong)(zhong)眉(mei)宇間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)顆(ke)紅色(se)(se)(se)吉祥痣。造(zao)型似(si)(si)盛唐時(shi)風格,形熊(xiong)動人(ren)(ren)(ren),原有(you)(you)(you)阿(a)難,迦(jia)葉兩(liang)(liang)(liang)弟子(zi)(zi)像(xiang)站陪,現已(yi)傾倒(dao)毀(hui)壞。後(hou)壁(bi)(bi)為(wei)火焰(yan)光環(huan),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),從脫落(luo)的(de)部分觀(guan)察,壁(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)(you)里(li)外(wai)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng),外(wai)層(ceng)繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)佛經故事(shi),如(ru)迦(jia)葉渡海(hai)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物造(zao)型,色(se)(se)(se)彩(cai)(cai)運(yun)用、氣(qi)氛渲染(ran)等(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)都(dou)表現出較高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)藝術手法。里(li)層(ceng)時(shi)代更(geng)早,顏色(se)(se)(se)多(duo)已(yi)氧(yang)化。從色(se)(se)(se)調看(kan),與敦(dun)煌(huang)唐代彩(cai)(cai)繪(hui)相似(si)(si)。石(shi)窟(ku)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)壁(bi)(bi)均有(you)(you)(you)各種佛像(xiang),分三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)排陳列,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)盤腿而坐,身(shen)(shen)著袈(jia)裟外(wai)衣,每排八(ba)、九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)尊,據(ju)稱共八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)佛。窟(ku)頂繪(hui)有(you)(you)(you)彩(cai)(cai)色(se)(se)(se)番蓮花(hua)圖案的(de)藻井,窟(ku)底為(wei)方磚鋪地,可(ke)(ke)站立(li)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)百(bai)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)禮佛。下(xia)寺(si)有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku),第(di)(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)可(ke)(ke)能是(shi)(shi)住僧人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de),高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san).六米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),里(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)還鑿有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)二(er)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)娘(niang)娘(niang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),第(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)藥王洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)二(er).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)○.六米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)一(yi).四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)四(si)(si)(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)龍王洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)四(si)(si)(si)(si)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)二(er).九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)個(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)睡(shui)佛洞(dong)(dong)(dong),高(gao)(gao)(gao)四(si)(si)(si)(si).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san).五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內塑(su)(su)佛涅盤像(xiang),阿(a)難,迦(jia)葉等(deng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)弟子(zi)(zi)待(dai)立(li)身(shen)(shen)後(hou)。至(zhi)2018年上(shang)寺(si)和下(xia)寺(si)已(yi)具規模,上(shang)寺(si)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)閣(ge)式(shi)主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)、配殿(dian)(dian)、禪房(fang)、齋(zhai)房(fang)齊(qi)備(bei)。一(yi)進山(shan)門即可(ke)(ke)看(kan)見笑容滿(man)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)彌勒佛,背後(hou)是(shi)(shi)韋馱,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)天王護法,天王殿(dian)(dian)氣(qi)勢雄偉,每逢農歷四(si)(si)(si)(si)月(yue)初八(ba)前後(hou),各地得客信徒(tu)云集而來,朝山(shan)拜佛、看(kan)戲、經商、游覽(lan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)山(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)海(hai),熱鬧非凡。
萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)和焰(yan)光(guang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)規模也很大,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)鑿于半山(shan)腰,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)各高(gao)5米(mi),深(shen)(shen)10米(mi),寬(kuan)6米(mi)。萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)正面佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕塑(su)(su)金身(shen)釋伽牟尼坐像(xiang),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)為侍(shi)立菩薩,窟(ku)頂及兩(liang)(liang)(liang)壁貼塑(su)(su)無數小佛(fo)(fo)(fo),號稱(cheng)萬(wan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)。焰(yan)光(guang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)正中佛(fo)(fo)(fo)龕,上(shang)邊塑(su)(su)焰(yan)光(guang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),下邊塑(su)(su)地藏菩薩,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)塑(su)(su)有十殿閻君,形體高(gao)大威猛,神態各異。兩(liang)(liang)(liang)窟(ku)中間開有一個高(gao)3米(mi),寬(kuan)2米(mi),深(shen)(shen)1.5米(mi)的小窟(ku),內塑(su)(su)百子(zi)觀音坐像(xiang),窟(ku)壁塑(su)(su)無數天(tian)真孩童,活潑可愛。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)外(wai)面建有靠山(shan)樓(lou)三層,三窟(ku)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口均在(zai)二層樓(lou)內,樓(lou)閣高(gao)聳(song)巍峨,氣勢雄宏(hong),與洞(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)渾然一體,形成(cheng)藝術組合。其(qi)建筑手(shou)法(fa)和外(wai)形與敦煌莫(mo)高(gao)窟(ku)一脈(mo)相承。
大(da)(da)佛(fo)寺自唐(tang)代(dai)開(kai)鑿以(yi)來,在一千多年(nian)的滄桑歲月中幾經興(xing)衰,從遺存的大(da)(da)量明(ming)代(dai)嘉靖年(nian)間的銘文(wen)來看,明(ming)代(dai)進行過較大(da)(da)規模(mo)的維(wei)修擴(kuo)建(jian)。清末洞(dong)窟(ku)被(bei)流沙掩(yan)埋(mai),使(shi)得窟(ku)內(nei)文(wen)物(wu)得以(yi)幸存下(xia)來。1981至(zhi)1983年(nian)間,大(da)(da)佛(fo)寺上寺和下(xia)寺部分洞(dong)窟(ku)經寧夏回族自治區文(wen)物(wu)管理委員會發掘,深(shen)埋(mai)地(di)下(xia)的千年(nian)文(wen)物(wu)重見天(tian)日。隨后,寧夏回族自治區文(wen)物(wu)管理委員會陸(lu)續維(wei)修了娘娘洞(dong)、睡佛(fo)洞(dong)、龍王(wang)洞(dong),修復(fu)了靠山樓、菩薩殿(dian)(dian)、虔心殿(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)雄殿(dian)(dian)、天(tian)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)、藥師(shi)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)、阿彌(mi)陀佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)、禪堂、凈(jing)寶、山門等古建(jian)筑。至(zhi)2018年(nian)大(da)(da)佛(fo)寺已初具規模(mo),其它洞(dong)窟(ku)因資金、技(ji)術等原因尚(shang)未修復(fu)。特別是規模(mo)宏大(da)(da)的九間無梁寺到至(zhi)2018年(nian)為(wei)止(zhi)仍掩(yan)埋(mai)于(yu)漫(man)(man)漫(man)(man)黃沙下(xia)。