重(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)水(shui)碾(nian)群位于黃(huang)平縣重(zhong)安(an)鎮東(dong)南400米處的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)江(jiang)心(xin)沙洲上。水(shui)碾(nian)群始建于明代,據(ju)《明史·卷三百一十二·四川土(tu)司二》記載:“洪武四年(nian)(nian)平蜀,遣使(shi)諭之(zhi)。五年(nian)(nian),領安(an)撫司二,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)草(cao)塘(tang),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)黃(huang)平;長官司六,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)真州,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)播州,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)余慶,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)白泥,曰(yue)(yue)(yue)容(rong)山(shan),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)重(zhong)安(an)”。永樂四年(nian)(nian)(1406)設重(zhong)安(an)長官司,弘治元年(nian)(nian)(1488)設重(zhong)安(an)守御千(qian)戶所,并(bing)屯(tun)兵(bing)于重(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)堡上。大量(liang)屯(tun)軍的(de)(de)(de)涌入,帶(dai)來中原各地先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)和生(sheng)產方式,他們利用重(zhong)安(an)江(jiang)上隆起的(de)(de)(de)沙洲大規(gui)模建造水(shui)碾(nian),取替土(tu)著居民仍用石碓舂米的(de)(de)(de)原始勞作。
建(jian)造重安江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)碾(nian)群選址考究。此段江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)被沙(sha)洲(zhou)從中剖開,形成(cheng)南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低兩(liang)支河(he)道,高(gao)差為1.12米。水(shui)(shui)(shui)碾(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)深藏沙(sha)洲(zhou)腹部,每個碾(nian)房從開入水(shui)(shui)(shui)孔兩(liang)眼引江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)沖(chong)擊(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun),南(nan)北(bei)江(jiang)(jiang)面高(gao)差產生的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)力足以使水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)旋轉并帶動滾(gun)輪(lun)工作。余水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯入北(bei)支河(he)道。
重安(an)江(jiang)水(shui)碾(nian)(nian)群規模宏大,明(ming)末為其鼎盛時期(qi),共有40余座(zuo)。水(shui)碾(nian)(nian)群現存碾(nian)(nian)房19座(zuo),沿沙洲“一”字順江(jiang)排列。雨(yu)季,碾(nian)(nian)房草棚常被(bei)洪峰卷(juan)走,但沉重的石滾輪和藏(zang)于沙洲腹部(bu)的水(shui)輪卻安(an)然(ran)無恙。
水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)功能(neng)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)谷物脫殼(ke)去麩,隨著打米機(ji)普及(ji),重(zhong)安江水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)群的(de)原(yuan)始(shi)功能(neng)逐(zhu)漸減(jian)弱。土改(gai)時(shi)水碾(nian)(nian)(nian)劃歸集體(ti),上世紀80年(nian)代(dai)后由生產隊陸續賣(mai)給周、潘、楊、沈等姓農民,目前仍(reng)有13座正常使用(yong)(yong)(yong),主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)碾(nian)(nian)(nian)桐籽榨油、碾(nian)(nian)(nian)竹材造(zao)紙、碾(nian)(nian)(nian)做香的(de)原(yuan)料粉末等。
重安江水碾保留了古老(lao)的(de)(de)歷史信息,是重安江上(shang)一道亮麗(li)的(de)(de)文(wen)化景觀。