三門(men)塘(tang)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群位(wei)于(yu)貴(gui)州省天柱(zhu)縣(xian)坌處(chu)鎮(zhen)(zhen),距縣(xian)城40公里,南(nan)臨清(qing)水江(jiang)。明朝末年(nian),靠(kao)水上運輸富裕起來的三門(men)塘(tang)人便捐資創建(jian)義(yi)學,普(pu)及漢文化,教化鄉民(min),興修(xiu)庵院宗祠,民(min)居亭(ting)榭(xie),修(xiu)路架(jia)橋(qiao),開(kai)(kai)創渡口,并開(kai)(kai)場期(qi)趕集,設木行、肉攤布店(dian)、米(mi)鋪百貨、飯館旅店(dian)。三門(men)塘(tang)盛時期(qi)形成了由五(wu)條(tiao)主街(jie)巷和眾(zhong)多(duo)民(min)居、商(shang)號(hao)、店(dian)鋪、廟宇、橋(qiao)梁、碼頭等組成的建(jian)筑(zhu)群,包括了民(min)間典(dian)型的水運商(shang)貿集鎮(zhen)(zhen)的大部(bu)分類型。
三門塘古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群包括宗祠(ci)兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo),碑刻300余通,古(gu)(gu)樹68株(zhu),印(yin)子(zi)屋28棟,水井(jing)20眼,魚塘17口,石(shi)拱橋(qiao)6座(zuo)(zuo),石(shi)板(ban)橋(qiao)10座(zuo)(zuo),石(shi)板(ban)路(lu)12條(tiao)(tiao),卵(luan)石(shi)路(lu)30多條(tiao)(tiao)。這些建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格獨特,空間(jian)(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)靈活多變,立體感極強,工藝十分講(jiang)究,風(feng)格粗(cu)獷(guang)而(er)不失(shi)精(jing)致。民(min)居建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為(wei)穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)式懸(xuan)山(shan)(shan)頂小青瓦結(jie)(jie)構,橫向三開間(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)五開間(jian)(jian)(jian),正(zheng)中一間(jian)(jian)(jian)設庭(ting)堂,庭(ting)前(qian)設天(tian)井(jing),天(tian)井(jing)兩(liang)旁設廂房,其門窗雕刻精(jing)美,屋柱留有過(guo)去木商商號的(de)烙印(yin)。宗祠(ci)外為(wei)封火墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),內為(wei)木構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)式硬山(shan)(shan)頂小青瓦結(jie)(jie)構。印(yin)子(zi)屋的(de)外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)高過(guo)屋脊,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭平翹,瓦蓋(gai)廡殿式,多級卷云馬頭墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭下粉刷邊帶,描繪山(shan)(shan)水花草蟲魚。村巷街(jie)道、橋(qiao)梁碼頭青石(shi)鋪砌(qi),阡陌相通。古(gu)(gu)井(jing)、石(shi)刻星羅(luo)棋布(bu)(bu),點綴鄉間(jian)(jian)(jian)。現各處(chu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)基本(ben)保持原貌,古(gu)(gu)風(feng)古(gu)(gu)韻猶存(cun)。2013年3月國家文(wen)物局(ju)核定公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)第(di)七批全(quan)國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。