芒果视频

基本介紹

北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到，1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期，七年間共增建別墅273幢。北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)近(jin)代建筑群。加上(shang)以前三十多年(nian)建的(de)253幢(chuang)，到(dao)1924年(nian)北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)海濱有(you)中外別墅樓(lou)526幢(chuang)，其(qi)中中國人(ren)的(de)別墅占四分(fen)之一；以后的(de)二十四年(nian)間，又建新別墅193幢(chuang)，中國人(ren)的(de)占了一半。這些(xie)建筑分(fen)布在北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)海濱自西(xi)聯峰山(shan)到(dao)鴿(ge)子窩沿海，總面(mian)(mian)積18平方公里。如(ru)喬和別墅，又名瑞(rui)士小姐樓(lou)，位于北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)安二路5號，今水(shui)(shui)利部(bu)(bu)北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)療(liao)養院內(nei)(nei)。建于20世紀(ji)20年(nian)代，坐北(bei)向南(nan)，為(wei)地(di)下一層(ceng)，地(di)上(shang)兩層(ceng)，毛石(shi)基(ji)礎，墻體為(wei)磚砌(qi)水(shui)(shui)刷石(shi)貼面(mian)(mian)，局部(bu)(bu)為(wei)毛石(shi)壘(lei)砌(qi)，歐(ou)式堡壘(lei)建筑。該建筑造型(xing)獨(du)特，風格優(you)雅(ya)，占地(di)面(mian)(mian)積較大，有(you)附(fu)屬花(hua)園(yuan)，園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)種有(you)珍奇花(hua)木(mu)，環境(jing)優(you)美，是(shi)目前北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)優(you)秀近(jin)代建筑。

北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設，最早(zao)可以(yi)追溯到19世紀末(mo)，自(zi)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河海濱(bin)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第一條(tiao)旅游(you)鐵(tie)路支線(xian)后就進(jin)入(ru)繁榮時期。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)13幢(chuang)，1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)39幢(chuang)，1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)32幢(chuang)，1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)16幢(chuang)，1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)57幢(chuang)，1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)80幢(chuang)，1923年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)36幢(chuang)，7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間共增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別(bie)墅(shu)273幢(chuang)，加(jia)(jia)上以(yi)前30多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)253幢(chuang)，到1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河海濱(bin)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)別(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)526幢(chuang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)別(bie)墅(shu)占(zhan)四(si)分(fen)之一，以(yi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間，又建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別(bie)墅(shu)193幢(chuang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)了一半。但從總(zong)數(shu)看，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)大大少(shao)于(yu)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)。別(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字變化(hua)，也反(fan)映了北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河海濱(bin)自(zi)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被清政(zheng)府辟(pi)為(wei)"允中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)士雜居(ju)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避(bi)暑地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過程(cheng)。這(zhe)些形(xing)式(shi)(shi)各異且具有(you)某些共同特點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)者(zhe)，多(duo)為(wei)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)，而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)者(zhe)則都是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)。北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)包工頭以(yi)草廠村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闞向舞(wu)最為(wei)有(you)名，他因與德國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)設計(ji)師魏迪錫及蓋林(lin)合(he)作承包了不少(shao)工程(cheng)而發了大財。這(zhe)些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布在北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河海濱(bin)自(zi)西(xi)聯峰山至鴿子窩沿海三(san)里范圍內(nei)，總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)18平(ping)方公里。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格多(duo)為(wei)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)別(bie)墅(shu)，北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)稍有(you)變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形(xing)平(ping)面(mian)，也有(you)變化(hua)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)；多(duo)為(wei)單(dan)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，部(bu)分(fen)為(wei)二、三(san)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)；簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)四(si)坡屋頂；一面(mian)、二面(mian)、三(san)面(mian)或者(zhe)四(si)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)外(wai)廊(lang)，外(wai)廊(lang)進(jin)深很(hen)大。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)大，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，周(zhou)圍空地(di)多(duo)，院內(nei)廣植花草樹(shu)木，環境良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，非常適(shi)宜休(xiu)閑避(bi)暑。這(zhe)種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格是(shi)(shi)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)在殖(zhi)(zhi)民(min)地(di)尤其是(shi)(shi)熱帶地(di)區(qu)根(gen)據當(dang)地(di)氣候、居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，結(jie)合(he)當(dang)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)通風良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，適(shi)宜室外(wai)長廊(lang)活動，這(zhe)在有(you)關北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河近(jin)(jin)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屢(lv)屢(lv)提到，北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河大部(bu)分(fen)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)殖(zhi)(zhi)民(min)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。北(bei)戴(dai)(dai)河還(huan)有(you)一些近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)體量較大，設計(ji)優美(mei)，現狀保存良(liang)(liang)好(hao)(hao)(hao)，這(zhe)些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格是(shi)(shi)將西(xi)式(shi)(shi)各種(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格相融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)折(zhe)衷主義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格。已經申(shen)報為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保護單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。