芒果视频

基本介紹

北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到，1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期，七年間共增建別墅273幢。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河近代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。加上(shang)以(yi)前(qian)(qian)三十多(duo)年建(jian)(jian)(jian)的253幢，到(dao)1924年北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河海濱有中(zhong)外(wai)別(bie)墅(shu)樓526幢，其中(zhong)中(zhong)國(guo)人的別(bie)墅(shu)占四分之一(yi)；以(yi)后的二十四年間(jian)，又建(jian)(jian)(jian)新別(bie)墅(shu)193幢，中(zhong)國(guo)人的占了一(yi)半(ban)。這些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)分布在北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河海濱自西聯峰山到(dao)鴿(ge)子窩(wo)沿海，總面(mian)(mian)積18平方(fang)公里。如(ru)喬和別(bie)墅(shu)，又名瑞士小姐樓，位于(yu)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河安二路5號，今水利部北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河療養院內(nei)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)20世紀20年代(dai)，坐北(bei)(bei)向南，為地(di)下一(yi)層，地(di)上(shang)兩層，毛石基礎，墻體為磚(zhuan)砌水刷石貼面(mian)(mian)，局部為毛石壘砌，歐式堡壘建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。該(gai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)獨特，風格(ge)優雅，占地(di)面(mian)(mian)積較(jiao)大(da)，有附屬花園，園內(nei)種有珍奇(qi)花木，環(huan)境(jing)優美，是目前(qian)(qian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河優秀近代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。

北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，最(zui)(zui)早(zao)可以追溯到(dao)19世紀末(mo)，自1917年(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)條旅游(you)鐵路支線后(hou)就進(jin)入繁(fan)榮時期。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1917年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)13幢，1918年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)39幢，1919年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)32幢，1920年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)16幢，1921年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)57幢，1922年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)80幢，1923年(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)36幢，7年(nian)間共增(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)273幢，加(jia)(jia)上(shang)以前30多(duo)(duo)年(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)253幢，到(dao)1924年(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)526幢，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)占四(si)分(fen)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)，以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24年(nian)間，又建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)193幢，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)。但從(cong)總數看，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)還是(shi)大(da)大(da)少于外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)。別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字變化(hua)(hua)，也(ye)(ye)反映了(le)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)自1898年(nian)被清政(zheng)府辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)"允(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)士雜居"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避暑地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展過程(cheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)形式各(ge)異(yi)且具(ju)有(you)(you)某些(xie)共同特點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)者(zhe)，多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)，而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造者(zhe)則都是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包工頭以草(cao)(cao)廠村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闞向舞最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)名，他(ta)因與(yu)德國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)師魏迪錫及(ji)蓋(gai)林合(he)作承包了(le)不少工程(cheng)而(er)發了(le)大(da)財。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布在(zai)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)濱(bin)自西聯峰(feng)山至鴿(ge)子窩沿海(hai)(hai)三里范圍內(nei)，總面(mian)積(ji)18平方(fang)公里。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)西式別(bie)(bie)(bie)墅(shu)，北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)稍有(you)(you)變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形平面(mian)，也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)變化(hua)(hua)多(duo)(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面(mian)；多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二、三層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西式四(si)坡屋頂；一(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)、二面(mian)、三面(mian)或者(zhe)四(si)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)廊(lang)，外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)廊(lang)進(jin)深很大(da)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物居中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，周圍空地(di)多(duo)(duo)，院內(nei)廣植花草(cao)(cao)樹木，環境(jing)良(liang)好(hao)，非常適宜(yi)休閑避暑。這(zhe)(zhe)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)是(shi)西式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)殖民地(di)尤其是(shi)熱帶地(di)區根(gen)據當地(di)氣候、居住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要，結合(he)當地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)是(shi)通風(feng)(feng)良(liang)好(hao)，適宜(yi)室外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)長廊(lang)活動，這(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)有(you)(you)關北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)獻中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屢屢提到(dao)，北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)大(da)部分(fen)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)種殖民式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)河(he)(he)還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體量較大(da)，設(she)計(ji)優美，現狀保(bao)存良(liang)好(hao)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)是(shi)將西式各(ge)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)相融合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)折衷主(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)(feng)格(ge)。已經(jing)申報為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物保(bao)護單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。