芒果视频

建筑特色

該城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)(bao)建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)中葉嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)，初建(jian)(jian)時僅有一(yi)南門(men)（明(ming)代不建(jian)(jian)北門(men)），清初順治年(nian)間(jian)新建(jian)(jian)北門(men)，并在南北門(men)增建(jian)(jian)二座(zuo)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)(bao)墻(qiang)平面布局呈方(fang)形(xing)(xing)，邊(bian)長230余米(mi)，黃土(tu)夯筑，墻(qiang)外凸出土(tu)筑馬面，高8約米(mi)。兩甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)內城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)南北對峙形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)條大街(jie)、東西(xi)各有小街(jie)道三條，沿堡(bao)(bao)墻(qiang)內周圍有“更道”一(yi)周。這便形(xing)(xing)成了西(xi)古堡(bao)(bao)村總平面呈“國(guo)”字形(xing)(xing)的(de)特殊形(xing)(xing)制(zhi)。是古蔚州八百城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)(bao)中比較獨特的(de)一(yi)例。

村內(nei)現存(cun)的(de)古(gu)民(min)居(ju)院(yuan)落(luo)約180座。高大(da)的(de)門(men)樓、精美(mei)的(de)磚(zhuan)、木雕花彩繪，九連(lian)環，四(si)進四(si)出的(de)四(si)合院(yuan)無不在(zai)述說著當年(nian)(nian)的(de)繁榮。這些(xie)民(min)居(ju)大(da)多為磚(zhuan)木結構，青(qing)條(tiao)基石，白(bai)灰砌(qi)青(qing)磚(zhuan)墻，房(fang)頂起(qi)脊，安(an)制(zhi)吻獸、覆青(qing)板瓦。當地(di)民(min)風(feng)淳樸，周圍(wei)環境優美(mei)、站在(zai)堡門(men)樓舉(ju)目觀望，四(si)周水田纏繞，郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥、村里青(qing)磚(zhuan)灰瓦，極盡“小屋(wu)平(ping)頭墟(xu)里落(luo)，炊煙起(qi)處是人間”之古(gu)樸美(mei)、整(zheng)座西(xi)古(gu)堡村，每(mei)條(tiao)街巷每(mei)片民(min)居(ju)，雖歷(li)經百年(nian)(nian)風(feng)雨飄泊，風(feng)采依舊。基本保留(liu)了明、清時期(qi)的(de)歷(li)史風(feng)貌。

南北(bei)甕(weng)城(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)更是形式(shi)多(duo)樣，布(bu)局巧妙。工藝(yi)(yi)精(jing)細(xi)，體現了(le)古代民間(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高超技藝(yi)(yi)。兩座甕(weng)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內城(cheng)門為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明代所建(jian)(jian)(jian)，外城(cheng)門及甕(weng)城(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)南甕(weng)城(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)復(fu)雜，城(cheng)堡墻(qiang)平面布(bu)局呈(cheng)方形長(chang)約百米(mi)、黃土夯筑(zhu)、墻(qiang)外凸出土筑(zhu)馬面，高8余米(mi)。甕(weng)城(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)共分上(shang)(shang)、下二部分。下層大部分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)券(quan)仿(fang)木(mu)結構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，上(shang)(shang)層是磚(zhuan)(zhuan)木(mu)結構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，甕(weng)城(cheng)中部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一大天井式(shi)，周圍建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)環繞，共有(you)樓(lou)閣74間(jian)(jian)。由甕(weng)城(cheng)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)角磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌臺階進入(ru)角門，入(ru)門后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)跨院(yuan)(yuan)，院(yuan)(yuan)內方磚(zhuan)(zhuan)墁(man)地，正面磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌花壘墻(qiang)，底(di)層正南50米(mi)處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一座卷(juan)棚頂樂樓(lou)，兩側各(ge)有(you)一間(jian)(jian)耳房(fang)，也是蔚縣(xian)眾多(duo)戲(xi)樓(lou)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)一例。正北(bei)東(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馬王廟，西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)義(yi)殿。院(yuan)(yuan)內東(dong)(dong)下房(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)僧(seng)尞三(san)間(jian)(jian)。下層為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一小院(yuan)(yuan)落，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌圍墻(qiang)，正南辟一磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕小門。上(shang)(shang)部磚(zhuan)(zhuan)仿(fang)木(mu)出檐，五踩(cai)斗栱，磚(zhuan)(zhuan)雕以(yi)華麗精(jing)細(xi)見(jian)著，正房(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)斗栱券(quan)結構房(fang)屋。

跨院西(xi)(xi)部(bu)下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)栱(gong)(gong)券門(men)洞(dong)，平(ping)面呈“亞”形(xing)，為(wei)(wei)城堡主街軸(zhou)線，券頂上(shang)為(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音殿，硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)布瓦頂，北(bei)部(bu)抱廈一(yi)間，廈東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩側筑有(you)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)，建(jian)筑東(dong)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)小巷可通。觀(guan)音殿西(xi)(xi)側又突出一(yi)座磚(zhuan)筑小城。上(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩層，東(dong)北(bei)角(jiao)有(you)豎井臺(tai)階相通上(shang)下(xia)(xia)。中設長方形(xing)小天井。上(shang)層四周建(jian)筑環(huan)繞(rao)，前(qian)(qian)砌女兒(er)墻(qiang)，均為(wei)(wei)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂轉角(jiao)前(qian)(qian)出廊式，置直欞窗，正北(bei)為(wei)(wei)地藏殿，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)各為(wei)(wei)十殿閻君，南為(wei)(wei)鬼王殿。鬼王殿東(dong)西(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)，下(xia)(xia)為(wei)(wei)栱(gong)(gong)券門(men)洞(dong)，軒(xuan)木板(ban)門(men)二(er)扇。天井下(xia)(xia)部(bu)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)均為(wei)(wei)栱(gong)(gong)券窯洞(dong)，洞(dong)外磚(zhuan)仿木出檐(yan)，磚(zhuan)雕(diao)椽、飛、斗栱(gong)(gong)。天井南側為(wei)(wei)一(yi)小院，有(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)僧尞和廂房，券門(men)正南堡墻(qiang)上(shang)嵌一(yi)大形(xing)影壁，壁心磚(zhuan)雕(diao)二(er)條蟠龍，龍體矯(jiao)健(jian)雄(xiong)猛(meng)，造型(xing)優美，十分生動(dong)。

甕城(cheng)東墻開一城(cheng)門(men)，磚券(quan)結構，高(gao)8余米(mi)，券(quan)門(men)洞外部(bu)上鑲一石(shi)匾，陰(yin)刻(ke)楷書“永盛門(men)西古堡”，小款“歲康熙十九(jiu)年”。門(men)內石(shi)墁路面(mian)，歷(li)史上車轍遺留痕跡，歷(li)歷(li)在目。門(men)外迎(ying)面(mian)建一座(zuo)(zuo)磚雕須彌(mi)座(zuo)(zuo)影(ying)壁，磨(mo)磚對縫。

北甕城(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)形(xing)制大(da)小(xiao)與(yu)南甕城(cheng)(cheng)大(da)體相當，內、外城(cheng)(cheng)門及內城(cheng)(cheng)門門樓保存(cun)較(jiao)好。其中(zhong)的(de)廟宇，如“九(jiu)天閣”等建筑早(zao)年已毀。

藝術價值

西古堡甕城(cheng)建筑(zhu)布局靈活多(duo)變(bian)，結構嚴(yan)謹復雜，殿宇(yu)高低參差錯(cuo)落(luo)，樓臺掩(yan)映，建筑(zhu)景(jing)中(zhong)套景(jing)，景(jing)中(zhong)借景(jing)，景(jing)中(zhong)藏(zang)景(jing)，充(chong)分顯示(shi)了當時工(gong)匠高超的藝術設計(ji)水平。