歷史變遷
關(guan)于該(gai)寺(si)的(de)(de)建筑年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai),據1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)新《蔚(yu)縣(xian)志)已(yi)被確認為遼代(dai)所(suo)建《大約在公元(yuan)(yuan)卯丁(ding)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至公元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),據民(min)間傳說,當時宋、遼對(dui)峙,兩國(guo)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian).征戰(zhan),遼國(guo)太(tai)子(zi)反(fan)對(dui)戰(zhan)爭,憤而出(chu)家(jia)重泰寺(si)。從(cong)有確切的(de)(de)文(wen)字記載看,從(cong)明朝弘治九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1496年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))真慧(hui)和(he)尚改建該(gai)寺(si),名(ming)為三圣寺(si)「到(dao)明朝弘治十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)卜03年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))又經重修,至嘉靖九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)卜30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),山(shan)西潞城(cheng)王因避仇,曾(ceng)駕(jia)幸該(gai)寺(si)個這段歷史有待于進不步研究考證),經重新整(zheng)佑,一(yi)才賜名(ming)重泰寺(si)。清(qing)光緒時,曾(ceng)一(yi)度叫羅(luo)漢寺(si)。
建筑格局
重(zhong)泰寺靜踞高(gao)丘,寺東西(xi)有(you)(you)兩條砂河環(huan)繞,民間(jian)有(you)(you)“二龍戲珠”和(he)“龍播虎伏”之說。該寺占地面(mian)積六千五百八十(shi)平方米,有(you)(you)殿宇(yu)房舍一(yi)酉二十(shi)間(jian),遠望(wang)樓,閣、殿、臺塔(ta)、舍,錯落有(you)(you)致,蒼(cang)松有(you)(you)態,甚是宏偉壯觀。重(zhong)泰寺的主要建筑(zhu)沿(yan)南(nan)北(bei)一(yi)條縱軸線上扮(ban)布,東西(xi)橫軸線對稱排列。中軸線上共計入座(zuo)建筑(zhu),從(cong)南(nan)至(zhi)北(bei)依次為(wei)戲樓、山(shan)(shan)門(men)彌勒殿、千佛殿、觀音殿、水(shui)陸(lu)殿、釋迎殿、三(san)教(jiao)樓。戲樓,座(zuo)南(nan)朝北(bei),面(mian)對山(shan)(shan)門(men),單槍卷(juan)翻希(xi)瓦頂丁面(mian)寬(kuan)三(san)間(jian),進深二間(jian),六架(jia)梁。戲樓正南(nan)培壁上繪一(yi)疾走的旗成,高(gao)二米有(you)(you)余,長四(si)米多,氣勢(shi)磅時,東西(xi)山(shan)(shan)墻保(bao)存(cun)多處清代戲曲題壁,是研究梨園舞臺的珍貴資料。昔日(ri)農歷重(zhong)月十(shi)五日(ri)廟會期,極為(wei)熱鬧(nao),好多戲班,來此演(yan)戲。清朝光緒年間(jian),歸化(hua)城(即今呼和(he)浩特)的著名(ming)演(yan)員買賣黑曾登臺表演(yan)。
山(shan)門(men)(men)座北朝南(nan),座落在(zai)高干米的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)臺基(ji)上,單(dan)泊硬山(shan)市百頂,面(mian)寬蘭間,進深二(er)閱,山(shan)門(men)(men)拉(la).下(xia),有石(shi)獅一對,臉皆(jie)微(wei)向里側,神態(tai)慈祥呻顯威嚴。現石(shi)獅已被移人縣城釋迎寺。兩(liang)壁門(men)(men)神秦(qin)叔(shu)新(xin)彩繪,還新(xin)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)了一榴脊 ,中(zhong)寶(bao)、尉、遲恭和茶舉(ju)托(tuo)迦(jia),羅枯者重新(xin)彩繪,還新(xin)砌(qi)(qi)(qi)了一溜(liu)花磚(zhuan),中(zhong)吻(wen)塔兩(liang)側,八仙(xian),其(qi)(qi)人才長小(xiao)(xiao)影,也能辨(bian)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)何(he)仙(xian)。脊邊吻(wen)亦沉(chen)穩勝舊(jiu)。人山(shan)門(men)(men),院北正中(zhong)頭層彌勒殿(dian)殿(dian)前也有雙獅一對現已移山(shan)門(men)(men)外,造型與原石(shi)獅大同小(xiao)(xiao)異。院內無別物東(dong)側有蒼(cang)松一株。彌勒殿(dian)面(mian)闊三間,進深二(er)間,殿(dian)內壁畫(hua)十八羅漢斗彌勒極為(wei)生動悅(yue)目。掖(ye)門(men)(men)兩(liang)廁為(wei)鐘樓(lou)(lou),西為(wei)鼓樓(lou)(lou),其(qi)(qi)頂用十字(zi)形大脊交叉(cha)組成(cheng),加上搪(tang)口角的(de)(de)新(xin)套獸,套獸下(xia)的(de)(de)新(xin)鑄鐵風(feng)鈴(現已丟失),小(xiao)(xiao)巧(qiao)玲嚨,當年雙樓(lou)(lou)下(xia)設樓(lou)(lou)梯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)炕,為(wei)值更僧所(suo)居(ju)。重泰寺的(de)(de)鐘聲雖不及(ji)唐代張(zhang)繼《楓橋夜(ye)泊》詩申肺提到(dao)的(de)(de)鐘聲聞名,但其(qi)(qi)悠遠的(de)(de)音響,也是名揚蔚(yu)蘿山(shan)川。
清(qing)朝直臣、刑部尚書(shu)魏(wei)象樞(蔚州人(ren))大約在(zai)公元?年(nian)與廣(guang)東名(ming)人(ren)凌十齋、善草(cao)書(shu)的江桂窿等(deng)人(ren)游覽(lan)了(le)這所名(ming)剎i曾寫下了(le)二首題為(wei)《游重(zhong)泰(tai)(tai)寺(si)千(qian)同(tong)看五百(bai)鐵羅漢)的七(qi)律詩(shi),詩(shi)申末尾寫到'歸路茫茫春雨后(hou),鐘(zhong)聲十里人(ren)斜晾(liang)。可(ke)見其鐘(zhong)聲悠(you)遠。據民間傳說明(ming)伏有二武(wu)僧,在(zai)此寺(si)燒香撞(zhuang)鐘(zhong)后(hou),又至前(qian)、后(hou)太佛(fo)寺(si)燒香,返回時音(yin)仍不絕(jue)。重(zhong)泰(tai)(tai)寺(si)與后(hou)太佛(fo)寺(si)山躇二十里,鐘(zhong)聲猶聞,似有夸(kua)張之(zhi)意,但可(ke)證明(ming)鐘(zhong)的曹[5] ?質名(ming)不虛(xu)傳。二層殿(dian)(dian)為(wei)千(qian)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian),此殿(dian)(dian)面闊三(san)間,進深二間。院東為(wei)二郎廟,三(san)間,進深廣(guang)間。院西為(wei)關(guan)帝“期蘭郎廟”此廟除塑(su)關(guan)羽像(xiang)外,統為(wei)懸塑(su);懸山上盡塑(su)三(san)國故事,如南壁“虎牢(lao)關(guan)三(san)英戰(zhan)呂布(bu)”,北壁“蕾口川水淹七(qi)軍”,極為(wei)生動傳神。千(qian)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)東側小院為(wei)碑林(lin),東西廊原有康熙、雍(yong)正、乾(qian)隆、嘉慶、道光、同(tong)治(zhi)年(nian)間立碑十三(san)通,現僅存(cun)碑座及壁渴一塊,此院二短廊,一長廊.,布(bu)局緊湊。
三(san)層為(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)殿,面闊(kuo)進深(shen)為(wei)一間;殿內站(zhan)觀(guan)昔(xi)高之米多(duo),衣著簡疏,肌理(li)細
膩(ni),慈眉善眼,在纏枝寶相(xiang)花和蓮瓣佛(fo)座的(de)映(ying)襯(chen)下(xia),姿態(tai)端莊。此(ci)殿(dian)(dian)置于佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)與水(shui)陸殿(dian)(dian)中。殿(dian)(dian)東側為羅漢(han)殿(dian)(dian),面闊五間,進深(shen)一間,過去殿(dian)(dian)內四壁懸山上、下(xia)、左、右共(gong)五百尊;金光灼(zhuo)灼(zhuo),形置銅(tong)色(se)鐵佛(fo);琳瑯(lang)滿目,形象逼真,栩(xu)栩(xu)如生,真可謂鬼斧神工(gong)五百羅漢(han)因隊伍龐(pang)大,耗(hao)資(zi)甚巨,所以帶羅漢(han)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)廟(miao),多為大名剎。
現(xian)在全國保存最(zui)為完整的(de)五酉羅漢(han)堂(tang)一(yi)是北(bei)京西(xi)仙的(de)碧云寺,二(er)是杭(hang)州的(de)靈隱寺。據說昔日一(yi)個賣氈帽的(de),留宿重泰寺,由于數不甚數,即每干(gan)個羅漢(han)戴氈帽一(yi)頂,可最(zui)終仍無(wu)準(zhun)數極見一(yi)堂(tang)濟濟之狀。五百羅漢(han)在士龍年(nian)大煉鋼鐵(tie)中化為爐渣,殘(can)留下(xia)一(yi)、三尊已不知所向。西(xi)側閻正殿(dian)也(ye)是懸(xuan)塑(su),造象工藝與關帝廟十樣精細(xi)。此殿(dian)南瞻下(xia)現(xian)存安徽桐城楊(yang)裕于道光二(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)九(jiu)月攘碑一(yi)通,是研究該寺康熙(xi)前(qian)后歷史的(de)重要依據.
該寺四個配殿二(er)郎廟、關(guan)帝廟、羅(luo)漢殿、閻(yan)三殿皆為懸山造像,此乃該寺的一大特色。
四層殿(dian)為(wei)水(shui)陸殿(dian),它面(mian)漓三(san)(san)間,進深二(er)間,此殿(dian)壁畫(hua)保存(cun)完整,殿(dian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)側有(you)(you)藏經樓(lou)(lou),為(wei)明(ming)二(er)暗「式(shi)樓(lou)(lou)閣。清(qing)代(dai)已塑(su)像其(qi)中(zhong),藏經樓(lou)(lou)就名(ming)不副實了(le),此殿(dian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)各設丁磚砌(qi)小掖(ye)門(men),通(tong)(tong)間后院釋(shi)迎殿(dian)。釋(shi)遮殿(dian),面(mian)闊三(san)(san)間,進深三(san)(san)間,內(nei)里方(fang)(fang)(fang)形,為(wei)重泰寺(si)最(zui)大(da)殿(dian)堂(tang)(tang),甚(shen)是寵(chong)偉、莊嚴。該殿(dian)單擅歇山頂五(wu)架(jia)梁(liang)(liang),前(qian)抱卷(juan)棚廈四架(jia)梁(liang)(liang),通(tong)(tong)高(gao)也米,廈前(qian)臺(tai)階上(shang)三(san)(san)層縷空磚雕,龍(long)、鳳等(deng),細膩傳神。椽頭(tou)均泥彩塑(su),鋪(pu)首環。該寺(si)墻(qiang)(qiang)壁后出前(qian)收(shou),前(qian)壁硬(ying)墻(qiang)(qiang)直接屋(wu)面(mian),后壁硬(ying)墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang),皆(jie)以斗洪上(shang)托(tuo)屋(wu)面(mian),為(wei)不使壁柱遭蟲矗(chu),外墻(qiang)(qiang)基隨(sui)柱數(shu)皆(jie)有(you)(you)¨大(da)"字形鳳眼,且"大(da)"字五(wu)個出頭(tou),皆(jie)巧(qiao)妙造形,可看出中(zhong)國古代(dai)勞動人(ren)(ren)民的高(gao)度智慧。釋(shi)迦殿(dian)后有(you)(you)三(san)(san)教(jiao)樓(lou)(lou),又名(ming)太子(zi)樓(lou)(lou)。樓(lou)(lou)正(zheng)(zheng)南原置(zhi)木梯,到光緒年(nian)間改(gai)建(jian)成(cheng)二(er)十二(er)級磚砌(qi)臺(tai)階。臺(tai)階下(xia)(xia)巧(qiao)設一(yi)人(ren)(ren)高(gao)孔(kong)道,連(lian)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)憎舍,從西(xi)舍獨門(men)人(ren)(ren),穿階下(xia)(xia)孔(kong)道即至(zhi)東(dong)(dong)舍。臺(tai)上(shang)磚欄(lan)圍樓(lou)(lou),樓(lou)(lou)檐配高(gao)利寺(si)七十一(yi)羅(luo)老(lao)木工(gong)劉居(ju)的透雕飛龍(long)極為(wei)精(jing)細。正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)、邊脊(ji)張嘴獸、合(he)嘴獸,脊(ji)梢(shao)吻(wen)都(dou)重新砌(qi)過。樓(lou)(lou)內(nei)正(zheng)(zheng)壁正(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)佛祖釋(shi)逝(shi)牟尼、孔(kong)子(zi)居(ju)左,老(lao)子(zi)居(ju)右,手中(zhong)均持圭牌侍者端盤分列(lie)其(qi)間。懦、釋(shi)、道由早(zao)期的水(shui)火不相容,發展(zhan)到三(san)(san)教(jiao)合(he)一(yi),兼容兼蓄:最(zui)后竟薈萃一(yi)堂(tang)(tang),也是明(ming)清(qing)宗教(jiao)發展(zhan)的必然結(jie)果。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)山墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)繪白象投(tou)胎、樹(shu)下(xia)(xia)誕生,九龍(long)灑水(shui)、出游四門(men)、逾城苦修"等(deng)佛教(jiao)故(gu)事(shi),值年(nian)久畫(hua)面(mian)顏色氧(yang)化(hua)多已還(huan)鉛(qian)。登樓(lou)(lou)依欄(lan)北(bei)望,囊凹連(lian)綿起(qi)伏,南望全寺(si)景觀(guan)盡(jin)收(shou)眼底(di)。;三(san)(san)教(jiao)樓(lou)(lou)后有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)屋(wu)九間,還(huan)有(you)(you)釋(shi)逝(shi)殿(dian)兩側配房,昔皆(jie)住憎眾(zhong)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)院,為(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)丈,道長撣室(shi)。香(xiang)火最(zui)盛時(shi)(shi),該專有(you)(you)萬丈、道長各一(yi)人(ren)(ren),分僧(seng)道兩門(men)。有(you)(you)徒眾(zhong)六十多人(ren)(ren)。東(dong)(dong)角(jiao)(jiao)院前(qian)有(you)(you)庫房、餐窒,寺(si)內(nei)二(er)郎廟前(qian)有(you)(you)碾房,西(xi)角(jiao)(jiao)院有(you)(you)井,供方(fang)(fang)(fang)丈、住持、僧(seng)眾(zhong)、游方(fang)(fang)(fang)憎、施主游人(ren)(ren)吃用。寺(si)西(xi)北(bei)有(you)(you)塔(ta)林,今(jin)(jin)僅存(cun)明(ming)嘉(jia)靖時(shi)(shi)靈骨塔(ta)一(yi)座,隔壑(he)西(xi)去也有(you)(you)塔(ta)林,今(jin)(jin)無存(cun)。該寺(si)全部(bu)泥塑(su)在"文革”中(zhong)毀于(yu)一(yi)旦。