芒果视频

考古發掘

2010年9月，為配合鄭州南出(chu)口暨鄭新通道(dao)基本(ben)建設，經國家文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局批準，河(he)南省文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局、鄭州市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局組織鄭州市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研(yan)究院正式對望(wang)京(jing)樓遺(yi)址遺(yi)址進行考古發掘。

2010年9月至12月，該院在對河南新(xin)鄭望京樓(lou)遺(yi)址(zhi)考古發掘中，發現了夏代和商代兩座城(cheng)址(zhi)，并發現了外廓城(cheng)，城(cheng)址(zhi)總面積達168萬(wan)平方米。

2011年1月12日，鄭(zheng)州市文(wen)物考古研究(jiu)(jiu)院對外公布了(le)一項考古發(fa)現，這是中原地區(qu)繼(ji)鄭(zheng)州商(shang)(shang)城、偃(yan)師(shi)二(er)里頭、偃(yan)師(shi)商(shang)(shang)城和(he)滎(ying)陽大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)姑等之(zhi)后，在夏商(shang)(shang)大(da)(da)(da)型城址方面的又一重大(da)(da)(da)發(fa)現，對我們研究(jiu)(jiu)中原地區(qu)早期城市群的發(fa)展(zhan)演變和(he)國家起源意義重大(da)(da)(da)。

遺址結構

望(wang)京(jing)樓商代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)保存較為(wei)(wei)完(wan)整。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)平面近(jin)方(fang)形，方(fang)向為(wei)(wei)北偏東(dong)15°。東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)約590米、北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)約602米、南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)約630米、西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長(chang)約560米，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)寬度為(wei)(wei)10～20米，整個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)面積約為(wei)(wei)37萬平方(fang)米。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外側(ce)為(wei)(wei)寬約15米的護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。

東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)偏南發現(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門和道(dao)路，整(zheng)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門占地2000平方米(mi)，是目(mu)前我(wo)國發現(xian)早(zao)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)中規模大、形制完備的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門寬(kuan)4.5米(mi)，呈凹字形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門兩側有(you)立(li)柱柱洞及附屬建筑(zhu)設施(shi)，從整(zheng)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門的(de)(de)結構來看(kan)，可(ke)謂是后期甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)雛形，這將中國甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)出現(xian)向(xiang)(xiang)前推到了商代前期。道(dao)路為(wei)東西走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)，目(mu)前發掘長度為(wei)40米(mi)，寬(kuan)4～6米(mi)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)中南部(bu)發現(xian)大型(xing)夯土建筑(zhu)基(ji)址(zhi)一處(chu)，目(mu)前發掘面積為(wei)900平方米(mi)，為(wei)大型(xing)回廊式建筑(zhu)，北部(bu)為(wei)主體建筑(zhu)，西、南、東為(wei)配房，中部(bu)為(wei)庭院。

夏代城(cheng)址(zhi)位于商(shang)代城(cheng)址(zhi)外(wai)側，緊鄰商(shang)城(cheng)外(wai)護城(cheng)河。

目前已確定該城址的東(dong)城墻(qiang)及(ji)東(dong)南(nan)、東(dong)北城墻(qiang)轉角，其中(zhong)東(dong)城墻(qiang)長625米。城址平(ping)面亦為方形，其護城河緊貼城墻(qiang)，寬約11米。

在(zai)距夏商城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)東北角約300米(mi)處的馬垌村東北部(bu)及(ji)南(nan)部(bu)鉆探時發現有夯土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外為一(yi)條(tiao)人工開鑿的壕(hao)溝，為外廓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)和護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he)。護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he)長(chang)約1100米(mi)，寬6～25米(mi)，深3～4米(mi)，經重點(dian)勘探，其東接黃(huang)(huang)溝水，西連黃(huang)(huang)水河(he)(he)(he)。總體來(lai)看，望京樓(lou)遺(yi)(yi)址西、南(nan)有黃(huang)(huang)水河(he)(he)(he)，東有黃(huang)(huang)溝水，惟(wei)北邊與(yu)陸地相通，這樣，外廓城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)、護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)(he)(he)與(yu)黃(huang)(huang)水河(he)(he)(he)、黃(huang)(huang)溝水一(yi)起形成一(yi)個(ge)封(feng)閉的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圈，望京樓(lou)遺(yi)(yi)址的夏、商二城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)在(zai)這個(ge)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圈之內。

學術意義

望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)后，我國(guo)(guo)考(kao)古界專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)嚴文(wen)(wen)明先生和(he)(he)(he)李伯(bo)謙先生聞訊即親(qin)臨(lin)現(xian)(xian)(xian)場進行實地(di)考(kao)察，指出望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為十分重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)考(kao)古發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。鑒于(yu)(yu)(yu)望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)意義(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)，2011年1月5日，河南(nan)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局邀請國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)局、北京大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)社會科學(xue)院(yuan)考(kao)古研究所、首都(dou)師范大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)、南(nan)京大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)、山(shan)東大(da)(da)(da)(da)學(xue)等(deng)單位(wei)的(de)(de)夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)考(kao)古專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)新(xin)鄭召開“河南(nan)新(xin)鄭望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)論證會”。與(yu)會專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)聽取了鄭州市(shi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)考(kao)古研究院(yuan)對新(xin)鄭望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘情況的(de)(de)匯報，實地(di)考(kao)察了發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘現(xian)(xian)(xian)場和(he)(he)(he)出土文(wen)(wen)物(wu)標(biao)本，并進行了科學(xue)的(de)(de)研討和(he)(he)(he)論證。專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)們(men)指出：望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積僅次于(yu)(yu)(yu)夏(xia)代(dai)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偃師二(er)里頭，其(qi)(qi)面(mian)積之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)在(zai)夏(xia)代(dai)聚落中(zhong)(zhong)是極為罕(han)見的(de)(de)，初步(bu)推測其(qi)(qi)性質可能為夏(xia)之(zhi)某(mou)一方國(guo)(guo)都(dou)邑；望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是繼鄭州商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、偃師商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)后河南(nan)境內新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)又一座商(shang)(shang)代(dai)前(qian)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)規模雖遜于(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，但遠大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)他建于(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong)時期的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此可彰顯出其(qi)(qi)高等(deng)級(ji)的(de)(de)聚落地(di)位(wei)。望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門設施突出體現(xian)(xian)(xian)了濃厚的(de)(de)軍事防(fang)御(yu)色(se)彩(cai)，為我國(guo)(guo)較早(zao)形制較為完備的(de)(de)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。望京樓(lou)(lou)(lou)夏(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong)一地(di)點，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)探討夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)歷史、夏(xia)代(dai)晚期文(wen)(wen)化與(yu)商(shang)(shang)代(dai)早(zao)期文(wen)(wen)化更替及(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)早(zao)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池建設等(deng)問題都(dou)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要意義(yi)，是極為重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)考(kao)古新(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)。