蘊藏文物
1985年(nian)2—4月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)搶救性發掘,1986年(nian)3—4月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次發掘。兩次發掘共(gong)揭露面積(ji)550平方米,清理出(chu)新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代早期(qi)(qi)墓(mu)葬62座(zuo),岳石(shi)(shi)(shi)文化(hua)和(he)西(xi)周時(shi)期(qi)(qi)灰坑各(ge)1個,漢代墓(mu)葬10座(zuo)。文化(hua)層(ceng)厚約1米,地層(ceng)堆積(ji)清晰(xi)。新石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代早期(qi)(qi)文化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棺墓(mu)61座(zuo),全部(bu)采用大伊山上自然石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)鑲砌而成(cheng)。共(gong)出(chu)土陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、玉(yu)(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等文物170余件。石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)均(jun)磨制,少數留有(you)(you)打制痕跡(ji),器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)斧(fu)、錛、鏟、鑿、杵、研磨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等;骨器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)針、錐;玉(yu)(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)璜、塊、耳墜等;陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)夾砂紅褐陶(tao)、泥質紅陶(tao)為(wei)(wei)主,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)手(shou)制。常(chang)見器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)釜(fu)、鼎、缽、盆(pen)、壺、瓶、支(zhi)座(zuo)、銼等。紋(wen)(wen)飾主要有(you)(you)附加堆紋(wen)(wen)、窄堆紋(wen)(wen)、乳(ru)丁紋(wen)(wen)、刻劃紋(wen)(wen)。墓(mu)葬中隨葬陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)釜(fu)、缽、罐或鼎、缽、盆(pen)為(wei)(wei)基本組(zu)合,鼎釜(fu)多帶腰沿(yan),缽多為(wei)(wei)平底(di),部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)蓋(gai)在死(si)者(zhe)頭部(bu)的“紅頂缽”,其中6件底(di)部(bu)有(you)(you)刻劃符號。
相關資料
大(da)伊山(shan)石棺墓晚于北辛文化,早于大(da)汶(wen)口文化;由于它處(chu)于南(nan)北文化交匯區,因而既具有黃河下游新(xin)石器文化特(te)(te)(te)征,又(you)具有長江下游新(xin)石器文化的特(te)(te)(te)點(dian)(dian),同時還具有獨特(te)(te)(te)的自身文化因素,屬(shu)青蓮崗(gang)文化類型。1995年4月(yue)(yue)公布為江蘇省第四(si)批文物(wu)保護單位(wei),1996年11月(yue)(yue)公布為第四(si)批全國重點(dian)(dian)文物(wu)保護單位(wei)。
石棺墓
石(shi)棺墓(mu)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)采用大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)上自然石(shi)板鑲(xiang)砌而成。其(qi)中(zhong)出土陶(tao)(tao)器(qi)、石(shi)器(qi)、骨器(qi)、玉器(qi)等文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)170余件(jian)。大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)中(zhong)還(huan)有(you)(you)兩大(da)發現(xian)引人注目,一是(shi)在(zai)61座墓(mu)葬中(zhong),有(you)(you)27座發現(xian)用主要食器(qi)的(de)(de)陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)覆蓋在(zai)死者頭部(bu)(bu),缽(bo)底部(bu)(bu)敲(qiao)打出一個小(xiao)洞。二是(shi)六件(jian)陶(tao)(tao)缽(bo)的(de)(de)底部(bu)(bu)發現(xian)有(you)(you)刻(ke)劃符號。有(you)(you)專家(jia)說,這(zhe)些(xie)刻(ke)劃符號是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)發現(xian)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字萌芽。原(yuan)國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)副(fu)局(ju)長(chang)、國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)專家(jia)組(zu)組(zu)長(chang)黃景(jing)略(lve),原(yuan)故宮博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)院長(chang)、著名考古學家(jia)張(zhang)忠培,山(shan)(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究所研究員鄭笑梅等考察后認為,大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)晚于(yu)北(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)化,早(zao)于(yu)大(da)汶口文(wen)(wen)(wen)化,距今6500年,是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)石(shi)棺墓(mu);由于(yu)它處于(yu)南北(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化交匯區,因而既具有(you)(you)黃河(he)下(xia)游(you)(you)新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化特征,又具有(you)(you)長(chang)江下(xia)游(you)(you)新石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化特點(dian),同時還(huan)具有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)自身(shen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化因素,屬青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化類型,1996年11月,大(da)伊(yi)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)棺墓(mu)公布為第四批(pi)全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。
位(wei)(wei)于連云港(gang)市灌云縣伊(yi)山鄉(xiang)任莊村大(da)(da)伊(yi)山東(dong)(dong)麓,遺址東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)70米(mi)、南北(bei)寬50米(mi),總面積約3000多平(ping)方(fang)米(mi),距(ju)今(jin)6500年(nian),是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)迄今(jin)發(fa)現(xian)最(zui)早的(de)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)。經1985年(nian)、1986年(nian)兩次(ci)發(fa)掘,清(qing)理新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器時(shi)代(dai)早期文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)61座。岳石(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)和西周時(shi)期灰坑各一處、漢代(dai)墓(mu)(mu)葬10座。石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)全部(bu)(bu)采用大(da)(da)伊(yi)山上自(zi)然石(shi)(shi)板鑲(xiang)砌而成。其0土陶器、石(shi)(shi)器、骨器、玉器等文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)170余件(jian)。大(da)(da)伊(yi)山石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)還有(you)兩大(da)(da)發(fa)現(xian)引(yin)人(ren)注目,一是在(zai)61座墓(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong),有(you)27座發(fa)現(xian)用主要食器的(de)陶缽(bo)覆蓋在(zai)死(si)者頭部(bu)(bu),缽(bo)底部(bu)(bu)敲打出一個小洞。二是六件(jian)陶缽(bo)的(de)底部(bu)(bu)發(fa)現(xian)有(you)刻(ke)劃(hua)符號(hao)。有(you)專家(jia)(jia)說,這(zhe)些(xie)刻(ke)劃(hua)符號(hao)是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)現(xian)最(zui)早的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)萌芽。原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局副局長(chang)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)專家(jia)(jia)組組長(chang)黃景略,原(yuan)故(gu)宮博(bo)物(wu)(wu)館院長(chang)、著名考古(gu)學家(jia)(jia)張忠培(pei),山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古(gu)研究所研究員鄭笑梅等考察后認為(wei),大(da)(da)伊(yi)山石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)晚于北(bei)辛文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),早于大(da)(da)汶口(kou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),距(ju)今(jin)6500年(nian),是中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)早的(de)石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu);由于它處于南北(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交匯區,因而既具有(you)黃河下游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特征,又具有(you)長(chang)江(jiang)下游新(xin)石(shi)(shi)器文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)特點,同時(shi)還具有(you)獨特的(de)自(zi)身文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)因素,屬(shu)青蓮崗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類型,1996年(nian)11月,大(da)(da)伊(yi)山石(shi)(shi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)墓(mu)(mu)公(gong)布為(wei)第四批全國(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)(wei)。