舂陵侯(hou)城遺址位(wei)于永(yong)州市寧(ning)遠縣柏(bo)家坪鎮的柏(bo)家村和柏(bo)家井村。遺址四周地勢平坦,城南(nan)1000米(mi)有舂陵河自(zi)西向東流經(jing),遠處有延綿的低矮(ai)山嶺。
漢武帝元(yuan)朔五年(nian)(公元(yuan)前124年(nian)),劉買為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯,立侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于此,漢初元(yuan)四(si)年(nian)(公元(yuan)前45年(nian)),舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯遷徙他(ta)處(chu),此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。1958年(nian),當(dang)地的考(kao)古工作者(zhe)對舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)進行了測(ce)量,其(qi)后經過(guo)多(duo)次(ci)調查。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)殘(can)存夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),東西長170米,南北寬(kuan)135米,殘(can)高2~6米,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)層次(ci)分明,東、西、北墻(qiang)(qiang)有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺址(zhi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)角有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)雉,四(si)周(zhou)有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東2千米有舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯墓(mu),封土(tu)(tu)堆(dui)無存,有清(qing)刻漢舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)(ling)侯墓(mu)殘(can)碑一方,墓(mu)四(si)周(zhou)有圍墻(qiang)(qiang),四(si)周(zhou)地勢平(ping)坦。
舂陵侯(hou)城始建于秦漢,歷經(jing)秦漢兩個時期(qi)。長沙(sha)馬王堆三號(hao)漢墓(mu)出土的(de)帛書地圖有(you)舂陵城標記。遺(yi)址輪(lun)廓清晰,保存(cun)相對完(wan)整,對研究秦漢時期(qi)城市布(bu)局(ju),自(zi)然和人文生存(cun)環境提(ti)供(gong)了(le)重要實物資料,具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)歷史、藝術和科學(xue)價值。
西漢武(wu)帝(di)元(yuan)朔五(wu)年(前124年),以零陵郡泠道縣的舂陵鄉(在今(jin)湖南省寧(ning)遠(yuan)縣柏家坪鎮)封長(chang)沙(sha)王子劉(liu)買(mai)為舂陵侯。
漢元帝初元四年(前(qian)45年)遷(qian)徙劉仁到蔡陽白水(shui)鄉為舂陵(ling)(ling)侯。舂陵(ling)(ling)侯國治所(suo)在今湖(hu)北(bei)棗陽吳(wu)店鎮舂陵(ling)(ling)村。
漢元帝(di)初元四年(前45年)舂陵侯國與零(ling)陵郡的泠道縣合并。
清宗績辰《舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)碑記》引《漢書》載:“長沙王發第(di)十三子買,封(feng)(feng)于(yu)舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)鄉(xiang),屬(shu)長沙郡,后屬(shu)零陵(ling)郡之泠道。買卒,子戴侯熊渠嗣,熊渠卒、子仁(ren)(ren)(ren)嗣。元帝(di)時,仁(ren)(ren)(ren)乞(qi)封(feng)(feng)避瘴毒,治(zhi)遷南陽。”劉(liu)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)遷至南陽白水鄉(xiang),重建舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)城(cheng)池(chi),仍為舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)侯,而東漢光武帝(di)劉(liu)秀乃劉(liu)買五世(shi)孫,起生命于(yu)此,名(ming)曰舂(chong)(chong)陵(ling)軍。
又據(ju)《水經注》載:“縣本泠道(dao)舂(chong)陵鄉,蓋(gai)因舂(chong)溪為名矣(yi)。“