龍王山遺址位于湖北省荊門市東寶區子陵鋪鎮南橋村與美滿村交界處,總面積約20萬平方米,為新石器時代大溪文化晚期的文化遺存。龍王山遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)由主遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)區(qu)和墓葬區(qu)組(zu)成,北部是居住區(qu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi),南部是墓葬區(qu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi),2007年已發掘墓葬203座。
龍(long)王山遺址(zhi)于1998年成(cheng)為荊門市第二批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,2008年成(cheng)為湖北省第五批(pi)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位。2013年,國務(wu)院公布為龍(long)第七(qi)批(pi)全國重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位。
龍(long)王山遺址為新石器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代大(da)溪文(wen)化晚(wan)期(qi)的(de)文(wen)化遺存(cun)(cun),距今(jin)約5000年(nian)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地和居址保存(cun)(cun)較(jiao)完(wan)整,且墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)顯(xian)示(shi)的(de)社會分化情況十(shi)分明顯(xian),其(qi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地單(dan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)多(duo)以及墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)形制之(zhi)特別(bie)(bie)(bie)在全國都很少見。從墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)數(shu)量看,僅M132中(zhong)(zhong)就出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)260件,是長江中(zhong)(zhong)游同時(shi)期(qi)單(dan)個(ge)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)一次性(xing)出(chu)土(tu)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。這批墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)品的(de)放置(zhi)位(wei)置(zhi)特別(bie)(bie)(bie),絕大(da)多(duo)數(shu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)置(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)坑中(zhong)(zhong)間,個(ge)別(bie)(bie)(bie)置(zhi)于墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)四(si)周。隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)有鮮明的(de)特征:大(da)多(duo)數(shu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)陶器(qi)(qi)為明器(qi)(qi),且同墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)同類(lei)器(qi)(qi)數(shu)量大(da),如在M10中(zhong)(zhong),僅陶罐(guan)就有113件;出(chu)土(tu)有精(jing)美的(de)玉(yu)器(qi)(qi),1/10的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)隨葬(zang)(zang)(zang)有玉(yu)器(qi)(qi)。
龍(long)王山遺(yi)址于1998年(nian)成(cheng)為荊門(men)市第(di)二(er)批重點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位,2008年(nian)成(cheng)為湖(hu)北(bei)省第(di)五批重點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位。2013年(nian),國(guo)(guo)務院印發《關于核(he)定并(bing)公布第(di)七(qi)批全國(guo)(guo)重點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位的通(tong)知》,公布了龍(long)王山遺(yi)址為第(di)七(qi)批全國(guo)(guo)重點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位。