成書背景
李時珍念本草一書(shu)歷代(dai)注解者謬誤亦多,遂(sui)考古證今,辨(bian)疑訂誤,廣采博收群(qun)書(shu),在宋代(dai)唐慎微(wei)《經(jing)史證類備急本草》基礎上編成此書(shu)。
流傳版本
《本(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目》版本(ben)(ben)(ben)頗多,除國外(wai)各(ge)種全(quan)譯或節(jie)譯本(ben)(ben)(ben)外(wai),國內(nei)現存約七十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)種,大致可分為(wei)(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)祖三(san)(san)系(xi)”,即祖本(ben)(ben)(ben)(金(jin)陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)、攝元(yuan)堂本(ben)(ben)(ben))及(ji)(ji)江(jiang)(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)、張(zhang)(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)三(san)(san)個系(xi)統。江(jiang)(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)明萬(wan)歷三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1603)夏良心、張(zhang)(zhang)鼎思刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)等(deng);錢(qian)(qian)(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)明崇(chong)禎十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(1640)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)蔚起(qi)杭州六有堂刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben),并改繪藥圖,以及(ji)(ji)清順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1655)吳毓昌太(tai)和堂本(ben)(ben)(ben),乾隆間《四庫全(quan)書》本(ben)(ben)(ben)即據(ju)此本(ben)(ben)(ben)抄錄(lu);張(zhang)(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)系(xi)統,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)清光(guang)緒(xu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1885)張(zhang)(zhang)紹棠(tang)南京(jing)味古齋(zhai)刻(ke)(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben),文字參校江(jiang)(jiang)西本(ben)(ben)(ben)、錢(qian)(qian)(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben),藥圖改繪后增加十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)幅,并附《本(ben)(ben)(ben)草綱目拾遺》。1957年(nian)(nian)人(ren)民衛生出(chu)版社本(ben)(ben)(ben)即據(ju)張(zhang)(zhang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)影(ying)印,晚近通行本(ben)(ben)(ben)為(wei)(wei)1977年(nian)(nian)人(ren)民衛生出(chu)版社出(chu)版劉衡如校點本(ben)(ben)(ben),1993年(nian)(nian)上海科學技術(shu)出(chu)版社金(jin)陵本(ben)(ben)(ben)影(ying)印本(ben)(ben)(ben)。
校注、整理
《本草(cao)綱(gang)目》現有劉衡(heng)如、劉山永校注(zhu)本。
作者簡介
李時(shi)珍(約1518~1593)明代杰(jie)出醫(yi)藥學(xue)(xue)家。字東璧,晚號瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)山人(ren)。蘄(qi)州(今湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北蘄(qi)春)人(ren)。世業(ye)醫(yi),父(fu)言聞(wen),有醫(yi)名。幼(you)習儒,三(san)(san)次應鄉試不中。師事(shi)顧日巖,讀書(shu)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。受家庭(ting)熏陶(tao),兼好醫(yi)書(shu),遂精(jing)醫(yi)藥。千里就醫(yi)于(yu)(yu)門(men)(men),立活不取值(zhi)。楚王(wang)聞(wen)之(zhi)(zhi),聘(pin)為奉祠,掌良醫(yi)所事(shi)。世子暴厥,治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)甦。經(jing)推(tui)薦,赴京(jing)師太醫(yi)院供(gong)職(zhi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian),或(huo)云(yun)嘗(chang)授太醫(yi)院院判之(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)。晚年(nian)(nian)(nian)因子建(jian)中為官,遂進封文(wen)林郎、四川省(sheng)蓬溪知縣。念本草一(yi)書(shu)歷代注解(jie)者(zhe)謬(miu)誤亦多(duo),遂考古證今,辨疑訂(ding)誤,廣采博收群書(shu),奮發(fa)編(bian)修。自嘉靖三(san)(san)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1552年(nian)(nian)(nian))至萬(wan)歷六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1578年(nian)(nian)(nian)),歷時(shi)二(er)(er)十(shi)七(qi)載,三(san)(san)易(yi)其(qi)稿,著(zhu)成(cheng)《本草綱(gang)目》五十(shi)二(er)(er)卷,初刊于(yu)(yu)金陵。子建(jian)中、建(jian)元(yuan)、建(jian)木及諸孫皆(jie)參與繪制藥圖(tu)(tu),孫樹(shu)宗(zong)、樹(shu)聲為之(zhi)(zhi)校對。甫及刻成(cheng),時(shi)珍即(ji)逝。對脈(mo)學(xue)(xue)亦深(shen)有研究,所撰《瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)脈(mo)學(xue)(xue)》(1564年(nian)(nian)(nian))能(neng)融會先賢(xian)脈(mo)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)華,刪繁去蕪(wu),講求實用,論述較為通俗簡(jian)要,以韻體文(wen)寫成(cheng),便于(yu)(yu)記誦。此(ci)書(shu)歸納脈(mo)象為二(er)(er)十(shi)七(qi)種,各撰體狀詩、相類詩、主病(bing)詩。另著(zhu)有《奇經(jing)八脈(mo)考》(1572年(nian)(nian)(nian)),于(yu)(yu)奇經(jing)循(xun)行(xing)路(lu)線及證治(zhi)規(gui)律闡發(fa)尤多(duo)。已佚醫(yi)著(zhu)有《三(san)(san)焦客難》、《命(ming)門(men)(men)考》(或(huo)以為實系一(yi)書(shu))、《五臟圖(tu)(tu)論》《瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)醫(yi)案(an)》《瀕(bin)(bin)(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)集(ji)簡(jian)方(fang)》等(deng)。次子建(jian)元(yuan),從(cong)父(fu)業(ye)醫(yi),有醫(yi)名。父(fu)卒,獻《本草綱(gang)目》于(yu)(yu)朝廷。四子建(jian)方(fang),精(jing)醫(yi),中年(nian)(nian)(nian)入選太醫(yi)院醫(yi)士。弟(di)子龐(pang)鹿(lu)門(men)(men),傳其(qi)醫(yi)學(xue)(xue);瞿(ju)九思,傳其(qi)儒學(xue)(xue)。
書評、序言
《本(ben)草綱(gang)目》原序
紀稱(cheng):望龍光,知古劍;覘寶(bao)(bao)(bao)氣(qi),辨明(ming)珠(zhu)。故萍實商羊(yang),非(fei)天明(ming)莫洞(dong)。厥(jue)后(hou)博(bo)物稱(cheng)華,辨字稱(cheng)康,析寶(bao)(bao)(bao)玉稱(cheng)倚(yi)頓,亦僅僅晨星耳。楚蘄陽李(li)君(jun)東璧,一(yi)日過予 山(shan)園謁予,留飲(yin)數有《本草(cao)綱目(mu)》數十(shi)(shi)卷(juan)。謂予曰(yue)∶時珍,荊楚鄙人也(ye)。幼多羸疾,質成(cheng)鈍椎;長耽典(dian)(dian)籍,若啖蔗飴。遂漁(yu)獵群書,搜(sou)羅百氏。凡子(zi)(zi)、史、經、傳(chuan)、聲韻、農圃、醫卜、星相、樂(le)府諸家,稍有得處,輒著(zhu)數言。古有《本草(cao)》一(yi)書,自炎黃及漢、梁、唐、宋,下(xia)迨國(guo)朝,注解群氏舊(jiu)矣(yi)(yi)。第其中舛謬差訛遺漏,不(bu)可枚數。乃敢(gan)奮(fen)編摩之(zhi)(zhi)志,僭纂述之(zhi)(zhi)權。歲歷三(san)十(shi)(shi)稔,書考八百余家,稿凡三(san)易。復者(zhe)芟之(zhi)(zhi),闕者(zhe)緝之(zhi)(zhi),訛者(zhe)繩之(zhi)(zhi)。舊(jiu)本一(yi)千五百一(yi)十(shi)(shi)八種,今(jin)增藥三(san)百七十(shi)(shi)四種,分為一(yi)十(shi)(shi)六部,著(zhu)成(cheng)五十(shi)(shi)二(er)卷(juan)。雖非(fei)集成(cheng),亦粗大備(bei),僭名曰(yue)《本草(cao)綱目(mu)》。愿乞一(yi)言,以托不(bu)朽。予開(kai)卷(juan)細玩,每(mei)藥標正名為綱,附(fu)釋名為目(mu),正始(shi)也(ye);次(ci)以集解、辨疑、正誤,詳其土(tu)產形狀也(ye);次(ci)以氣(qi)味(wei)、主治、附(fu)方,著(zhu)其體用也(ye)。上自墳典(dian)(dian),下(xia)及傳(chuan)奇(qi),凡有相關,靡(mi)不(bu)備(bei)采。如(ru)入金谷之(zhi)(zhi)園,種色(se)奪(duo)目(mu);如(ru)登(deng)龍君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)宮,寶(bao)(bao)(bao)藏(zang)(zang)悉陳;如(ru)對(dui)冰壺玉鑒(jian),毛發可指數也(ye)。博(bo)而不(bu)繁(fan),詳而有要,綜(zong)核究竟,直窺(kui)淵海。茲(zi)豈僅以醫書覯哉(zai)?實性理之(zhi)(zhi)精微,格物之(zhi)(zhi)《通(tong)典(dian)(dian)》,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)秘 ,臣民之(zhi)(zhi)重寶(bao)(bao)(bao)也(ye)。李(li)君(jun)用心嘉惠(hui)何(he)勤(qin)哉(zai)!噫,碔玉莫剖(pou),朱(zhu)紫相傾(qing),弊也(ye)久矣(yi)(yi)。故辨專車(che)之(zhi)(zhi)骨,必(bi)俟魯儒;博(bo)支機(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)石,必(bi)訪賣卜。予方著(zhu)《 州卮(zhi)(zhi)言》,恚博(bo)古如(ru)《丹鉛卮(zhi)(zhi)言》后(hou)乏人也(ye),何(he)幸睹茲(zi)集哉(zai)!茲(zi)集也(ye),藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)深山(shan)石室無當(dang),盍鍥之(zhi)(zhi),以共天下(xia)后(hou)世味(wei)《太(tai)玄》如(ru)子(zi)(zi)云者(zhe)。
時萬歷歲庚(geng)寅春上元日(ri)弇州山(shan)人鳳洲王世貞(zhen)拜(bai)撰。
進(jin)《本(ben)草(cao)綱(gang)目》疏
湖(hu)廣黃州府(fu)儒學(xue)增廣生員李(li)(li)建(jian)元謹奏,為(wei)遵(zun)奉明(ming)例訪書(shu),進(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)《本(ben)草(cao)》以(yi)(yi)備(bei)采擇事。臣(chen)(chen)伏(fu)(fu)讀禮部儀制司勘合一款(kuan),恭(gong)請圣(sheng)明(ming)敕儒臣(chen)(chen)開(kai)書(shu)局纂(zuan)修正(zheng)史(shi),移文中(zhong)外。凡名(ming)家著述,有(you)(you)關國(guo)家典章,及(ji)(ji)紀君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)事跡(ji),他如(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)文、樂(le)律、醫術、方(fang)技諸(zhu)書(shu),但成(cheng)一家名(ming)言(yan),可以(yi)(yi)垂(chui)于方(fang)來(lai)者,即(ji)訪求解(jie)送,以(yi)(yi)備(bei)采入《藝文志(zhi)》。如(ru)(ru)已刻行(xing)者,即(ji)刷印一部送部。或其家自欲(yu)進(jin)(jin)獻(xian)(xian)者,聽(ting)任奉此(ci)。臣(chen)(chen)故父(fu)李(li)(li)時珍,原任楚府(fu)奉祠,奉敕進(jin)(jin)封文林郎、四川蓬溪知縣(xian)。生平篤學(xue),刻意纂(zuan)修。曾著《本(ben)草(cao)》一部,甫及(ji)(ji)刻成(cheng),忽值數(shu)盡,撰有(you)(you)遺表,令臣(chen)(chen)代獻(xian)(xian)。臣(chen)(chen)切(qie)思之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):父(fu)有(you)(you)遺命而子不遵(zun),何(he)以(yi)(yi)承先志(zhi);父(fu)有(you)(you)遺書(shu)而子不獻(xian)(xian),何(he)以(yi)(yi)應朝命。矧今修史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,又值取書(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)會(hui),臣(chen)(chen)不揣谫陋,不避斧(fu)鉞,謹述故父(fu)遺表。臣(chen)(chen)父(fu)時珍,幼多(duo)羸疾,長成(cheng)鈍椎,耽(dan)嗜典籍,若啖蔗(zhe)飴。考古證今,奮發(fa)編摩(mo),苦志(zhi)辨疑(yi)訂誤,留心纂(zuan)述諸(zhu)書(shu)。伏(fu)(fu)念《本(ben)草(cao)》一書(shu),關系頗重,注解(jie)群氏,謬誤亦多(duo)。行(xing)年三十(shi),力肆校讎;歷歲七旬,功始成(cheng)就(jiu)。野人炙背食芹,尚欲(yu)獻(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子;微臣(chen)(chen)采珠聚玉,敢不上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)君(jun)。昔炎黃辨百(bai)谷,嘗百(bai)草(cao),而分別氣味之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良毒(du);軒轅師岐伯,遵(zun)伯高,而剖析經絡(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)標。遂有(you)(you)《神(shen)農本(ben)草(cao)》三卷(juan),《藝文》錄為(wei)醫家一經。
及漢末而(er)(er)(er)(er)李(li)當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始加校修(xiu)(xiu),至(zhi)梁末而(er)(er)(er)(er)陶(tao)弘景益以注釋(shi),古藥三(san)(san)百六十五種,以應重(zhong)(zhong)卦(gua)。唐高宗命(ming)司(si)空李(li) 重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),長史蘇恭表請(qing)伏定,增藥一(yi)百一(yi)十四種。宋太(tai)祖命(ming)醫官劉翰詳校,宋仁(ren)(ren)宗再(zai)詔補(bu)注,增藥一(yi)百種。召醫唐慎微合為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《證(zheng)類(lei)(lei)》,修(xiu)(xiu)補(bu)眾本(ben)草五百種。自是人皆(jie)指(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)書,醫則目(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奧典(dian)。夷(yi)考(kao)其(qi)(qi)間(jian), 瑕(xia)不(bu)(bu)少。有當(dang)析(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)混者,如(ru)葳蕤(rui)、女葳,二物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)并(bing)入一(yi)條;有當(dang)并(bing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)析(xi)者,如(ru)南星、虎(hu)掌,一(yi)物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二種。生姜、薯蕷(yu),菜(cai)也(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)列(lie)(lie)草品(pin);檳(bin)榔、龍眼,果(guo)也(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)列(lie)(lie)木部。八谷,生民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)也(ye),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)明辨其(qi)(qi)種類(lei)(lei);三(san)(san)菘,日用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔬也(ye),罔克的別其(qi)(qi)名(ming)稱(cheng)。黑豆、赤(chi)菽,大(da)小同條;硝石、芒硝,水(shui)火混注。以蘭(lan)花(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蘭(lan)草,卷丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百合,此寇(kou)氏(shi)(shi)《衍義》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舛謬;謂黃精(jing)即鉤吻,旋(xuan)花(hua)即山姜,乃陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)《別錄》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差訛(e)。酸漿(jiang)、苦耽,草菜(cai)重(zhong)(zhong)出(chu),掌氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)審;天(tian)(tian)花(hua)、栝蔞(lou),兩處圖形(xing),蘇氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欠明。五倍(bei)子,構蟲窠也(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木實;大(da) 草,田字草也(ye),而(er)(er)(er)(er)指(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮萍。似茲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),不(bu)(bu)可枚陳(chen),略(lve)摘一(yi)二,以見(jian)(jian)錯誤(wu)。若不(bu)(bu)類(lei)(lei)分品(pin)列(lie)(lie),何以印定群疑(yi)?臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)揣猥愚,僭肆(si)刪述,重(zhong)(zhong)復者芟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),遺缺(que)者補(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)磨刀水(shui)、潦水(shui)、桑柴火、艾火、鎖陽、山柰、土茯苓、番木鱉(bie)、金柑、樟腦、蝎(xie)虎(hu)、狗(gou)蠅(ying)、白蠟、水(shui)蛇、狗(gou)寶(bao)、秋蟲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),并(bing)今(jin)方所用,而(er)(er)(er)(er)古本(ben)則無;三(san)(san)七(qi)(qi)、地羅、九(jiu)仙子、蜘蛛香、豬腰子、勾金皮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)(lei),皆(jie)方物(wu)土苴,而(er)(er)(er)(er)稗官不(bu)(bu)載。今(jin)增新(xin)藥,凡三(san)(san)百七(qi)(qi)十四種,類(lei)(lei)析(xi)舊本(ben),分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)十六部。雖非(fei)集(ji)成(cheng),實亦粗備。有數名(ming)或(huo)散見(jian)(jian)各(ge)部,總標(biao)正(zheng)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱,余各(ge)附釋(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu),正(zheng)始也(ye);次(ci)以集(ji)解(jie)、辨疑(yi)、正(zheng)誤(wu),詳其(qi)(qi)出(chu)產(chan)形(xing)狀也(ye);次(ci)以氣味、主治(zhi)、附方,著其(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)用也(ye)。上(shang)自墳典(dian),下(xia)至(zhi)傳奇,凡有相關,靡不(bu)(bu)收采,雖命(ming)醫書,實該物(wu)理。我太(tai)祖高皇帝(di)首(shou)設(she)醫院,重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)醫學(xue),沛(pei)仁(ren)(ren)心仁(ren)(ren)術于九(jiu)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中;世宗肅皇帝(di)既(ji)刻《醫方選要》,又(you)刻《衛生易簡》,藹仁(ren)(ren)政仁(ren)(ren)聲于率土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠。伏愿皇帝(di)陛下(xia)體(ti)(ti)道守成(cheng),遵祖繼(ji)志;當(dang)離明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)位(wei),司(si)考(kao)文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)權(quan)。留情民瘼,再(zai)修(xiu)(xiu)司(si)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書;特詔良(liang)臣(chen)(chen),著成(cheng)昭代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)。治(zhi)身以治(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),書當(dang)與日月爭(zheng)光;壽國以壽萬民,臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)與草木同朽。臣(chen)(chen)不(bu)(bu)勝冀望(wang)屏營之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)建元為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此一(yi)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚,上(shang)干九(jiu)重(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覽,或(huo)準行(xing)禮(li)部轉發史館采擇,或(huo)行(xing)醫院重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),父(fu)子銜(xian)恩,存歿(mo)均戴。臣(chen)(chen)無任瞻天(tian)(tian)仰圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)。
章節目錄
第一卷 序例
第二卷 序例
第三卷(juan) 百病(bing)主(zhu)治藥
第(di)四卷(juan) 百病主治(zhi)藥
第五卷 水部
第六卷 火部
第七卷 土部
第八卷 金石部
第九卷 金石部
第十卷 金石部
第(di)十一(yi)卷 金石部
第十二卷 草部
第十三卷 草部
第十四卷 草部
第十五卷 草部
第十六卷 草部
第十七卷 草部
第十八卷 草部
第十九卷 草部
第二十卷 草部
第二十一卷(juan) 草部
第二(er)十二(er)卷 谷(gu)部(bu)
第二十三卷 谷部
第二(er)十四卷 谷部(bu)
第二十五(wu)卷 谷部
第二十六卷 菜部
第二十七卷(juan) 菜部
第二十八(ba)卷 菜(cai)部
第二十九卷 果部
第三十卷 果部
第(di)三十一卷 果部
第三十(shi)二卷 果部
第(di)三十三卷 果部(bu)
第(di)三十四卷 木(mu)部
第(di)三十(shi)五卷(juan) 木部
第三十六卷 木部
第三十七卷(juan) 木部
第三十八卷(juan) 服器(qi)部(bu)
第(di)三十(shi)九卷 蟲部
第四十卷 蟲部
第(di)四十(shi)一卷 蟲部
第四(si)十二卷 蟲(chong)部
第四十三卷(juan) 鱗部(bu)
第四十(shi)四卷 鱗部
第四十五卷 介部
第四(si)十六(liu)卷 介部
第四十七(qi)卷(juan) 禽(qin)部
第四十八卷 禽部
第四(si)十九卷 禽部
第五十卷 獸部
第五十(shi)一卷(juan) 獸部(bu)
第五十二卷 人部
內容簡介
全書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)首列(lie)總(zong)目(mu)(mu)、凡例(li)(li)、附(fu)圖。卷(juan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)卷(juan)二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)序例(li)(li),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)諸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)內(nei)(nei)容。首先(xian)列(lie)舉《神(shen)農(nong)(nong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)經(jing)》、《名(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)別(bie)錄(lu)》、《雷公(gong)炮(pao)炙(zhi)論(lun)(lun)(lun)》、《唐本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)著作(zuo),并(bing)(bing)加簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)評介(jie),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)反映出明代(dai)(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)學(xue)發(fa)展概況;另又(you)(you)附(fu)列(lie)引(yin)(yin)用(yong)醫(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)二百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種,經(jing)史百(bai)家(jia)(jia)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)籍四(si)百(bai)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)種,共(gong)計七(qi)(qi)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)前(qian)人專(zhuan)論(lun)(lun)(lun)如神(shen)農(nong)(nong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)名(ming)(ming)例(li)(li)、陶隱居(ju)名(ming)(ming)醫(yi)(yi)別(bie)錄(lu)合藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑法(fa)則、采(cai)(cai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)六(liu)(liu)氣歲物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、七(qi)(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)劑、五(wu)(wu)味(wei)宜忌(ji)、五(wu)(wu)味(wei)偏(pian)勝、標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)陰陽、升降浮沉、臟腑虛實標(biao)(biao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)式、引(yin)(yin)經(jing)報使、相(xiang)須相(xiang)使相(xiang)畏相(xiang)惡諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、相(xiang)反諸(zhu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、服(fu)(fu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)食(shi)忌(ji)、妊娠禁(jin)忌(ji)、飲食(shi)禁(jin)忌(ji)、李(li)(li)東垣隨證(zheng)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡例(li)(li)、張子和汗吐下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)、陳藏器諸(zhu)虛用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)凡例(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)獲得(de)系(xi)統整理(li)(li)。卷(juan)三(san)卷(juan)四(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)病(bing)(bing)(bing)主(zhu)(zhu)治,大(da)致沿襲宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)“諸(zhu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)通(tong)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”舊例(li)(li),以(yi)(yi)(yi)諸(zhu)風(feng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)種病(bing)(bing)(bing)證(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),分(fen)列(lie)主(zhu)(zhu)治藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),或(huo)于病(bing)(bing)(bing)證(zheng)下(xia)(xia)再分(fen)若干證(zheng),類(lei)(lei)(lei)列(lie)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)法(fa),復設(she)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)(bu)、菜部(bu)(bu)、果木(mu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)綱(gang)(gang),并(bing)(bing)詳(xiang)其主(zhu)(zhu)治,編次(ci)有(you)(you)序,便于臨證(zheng)參考。卷(juan)五(wu)(wu)至卷(juan)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)各(ge)(ge)論(lun)(lun)(lun),總(zong)目(mu)(mu)原稱(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)八百(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二種,經(jing)實核為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)八百(bai)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)種。各(ge)(ge)論(lun)(lun)(lun)均(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)“部(bu)(bu)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)“類(lei)(lei)(lei)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei),分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水、火(huo)、土(tu)、金石(shi)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、谷、菜、果、木(mu)、服(fu)(fu)器、蟲、鱗、介(jie)、禽(qin)、獸、人等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu),每部(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)均(jun)有(you)(you)簡(jian)(jian)要(yao)論(lun)(lun)(lun)述(shu)(shu)。各(ge)(ge)部(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)再分(fen)若干類(lei)(lei)(lei),如草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芳草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、隰(xi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、毒(du)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、蔓草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、水草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、石(shi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、苔類(lei)(lei)(lei)、雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)(lei),凡六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)。每藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)均(jun)標(biao)(biao)注首載(zai)(zai)(zai)文獻(xian)出處,若有(you)(you)歸(gui)類(lei)(lei)(lei)變更(geng)(geng)或(huo)并(bing)(bing)入某藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),則以(yi)(yi)(yi)校正(zheng)說(shuo)明;下(xia)(xia)設(she)釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)、辨(bian)題(ti)或(huo)正(zheng)誤(wu)(wu)、修治、氣味(wei)、主(zhu)(zhu)治、發(fa)明、附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)欄目(mu)(mu)解(jie)說(shuo)。“釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)”下(xia)(xia)列(lie)舉別(bie)名(ming)(ming),并(bing)(bing)釋(shi)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)意義;“集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)”介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)產地、品(pin)種、形態、采(cai)(cai)收等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);“辨(bian)疑正(zheng)誤(wu)(wu)”對(dui)(dui)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有(you)(you)疑誤(wu)(wu)者(zhe)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)正(zheng);“修治”闡述(shu)(shu)炮(pao)制方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa);“氣味(wei)”闡述(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)性味(wei)及有(you)(you)毒(du)無毒(du);“主(zhu)(zhu)治”包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)功效(xiao);“發(fa)明”側(ce)重闡述(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)、用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要(yao)點及李(li)(li)氏(shi)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)見解(jie);“附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”廣錄(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)該(gai)(gai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)治各(ge)(ge)科病(bing)(bing)(bing)證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)唐慎微《經(jing)史證(zheng)類(lei)(lei)(lei)備(bei)急本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)》基(ji)礎上,進行大(da)量(liang)整理(li)(li)、補充,并(bing)(bing)載(zai)(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)李(li)(li)氏(shi)發(fa)明與(yu)(yu)學(xue)術(shu)(shu)見解(jie)。其主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)就(jiu)包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo):集(ji)(ji)(ji)我國16世紀前(qian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)成(cheng),該(gai)(gai)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)首先(xian)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)和所載(zai)(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),又(you)(you)首次(ci)載(zai)(zai)(zai)入民間(jian)和外(wai)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)三(san)百(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)種,如三(san)七(qi)(qi)、半邊(bian)蓮、醉魚草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、大(da)風(feng)子等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),并(bing)(bing)附(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬(wan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)(qian)零九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)則。顯示當時(shi)(shi)(shi)最先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)法(fa),除(chu)列(lie)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”外(wai),還包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)每藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“標(biao)(biao)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),列(lie)事為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”,即每一(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)列(lie)釋(shi)名(ming)(ming)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)解(jie)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)項,如“標(biao)(biao)龍為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),而(er)(er)齒、角、骨、腦、胎(tai)、涎(xian)皆(jie)列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)”;又(you)(you)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang),而(er)(er)不同部(bu)(bu)位為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)目(mu)(mu)。特別(bie)是在(zai)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,從(cong)(cong)無機(ji)到有(you)(you)機(ji),從(cong)(cong)低等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)到高等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),基(ji)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)符合進化(hua)論(lun)(lun)(lun)觀(guan)點。全面闡述(shu)(shu)所載(zai)(zai)(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)知識,對(dui)(dui)各(ge)(ge)種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)設(she)立若干專(zhuan)項,分(fen)別(bie)介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、歷(li)史、形態、鑒別(bie)、采(cai)(cai)集(ji)(ji)(ji)、加工,以(yi)(yi)(yi)及藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性、功效(xiao)、主(zhu)(zhu)治、組方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)應用(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);同時(shi)(shi)(shi)引(yin)(yin)述(shu)(shu)自《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)》迄元明時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)各(ge)(ge)家(jia)(jia)學(xue)說(shuo),內(nei)(nei)容豐富(fu)而(er)(er)有(you)(you)系(xi)統。對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)有(you)(you)所發(fa)明,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)強調對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)應該(gai)(gai)辨(bian)證(zheng)應用(yong),如藜(li)蘆條(tiao)下(xia)(xia)稱(cheng)(cheng)“吐藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不一(yi)(yi)(yi),常山吐瘧痰(tan)(tan),瓜丁(ding)吐熱痰(tan)(tan),烏附(fu)尖(jian)吐濕痰(tan)(tan),萊(lai)菔子吐氣痰(tan)(tan),藜(li)蘆則吐風(feng)痰(tan)(tan)者(zhe)也”。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)有(you)(you)前(qian)人所未論(lun)(lun)(lun)及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)言(yan)和精辟理(li)(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun),如辛夷(yi)條(tiao)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)“腦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)(lun)(lun),橘皮條(tiao)下(xia)(xia)稱(cheng)(cheng)“脾乃(nai)元氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,肺乃(nai)攝氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)龠”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)過(guo)(guo)去(qu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)將(jiang)兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)誤(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe),如葳蕤與(yu)(yu)女萎;一(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)誤(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)者(zhe),如天南星與(yu)(yu)虎掌;品(pin)種混淆不清者(zhe),如百(bai)合與(yu)(yu)卷(juan)丹;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)部(bu)(bu)位失真者(zhe),如五(wu)(wu)倍子誤(wu)(wu)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)果實;藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)歸(gui)類(lei)(lei)(lei)不當者(zhe),如將(jiang)薯蕷列(lie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),均(jun)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)澄清更(geng)(geng)正(zheng)。書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)妄圖長(chang)生不老,服(fu)(fu)食(shi)丹石(shi)成(cheng)風(feng)現象進行了(le)(le)批判,對(dui)(dui)黃連、澤(ze)瀉(xie)服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)仙,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)子可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)變魚等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)說(shuo),亦(yi)作(zuo)了(le)(le)駁斥。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學(xue)專(zhuan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),但涉及范圍廣泛,對(dui)(dui)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)學(xue)、化(hua)學(xue)、農(nong)(nong)學(xue)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)內(nei)(nei)容亦(yi)有(you)(you)很多記(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai)。如在(zai)礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面對(dui)(dui)石(shi)油的(de)(de)(de)產地、性狀作(zuo)了(le)(le)詳(xiang)細記(ji)述(shu)(shu);在(zai)化(hua)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,闡述(shu)(shu)了(le)(le)檢(jian)驗石(shi)膽真偽的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa);在(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,從(cong)(cong)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)濕度變化(hua),以(yi)(yi)(yi)推(tui)測(ce)雨量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao);在(zai)農(nong)(nong)學(xue)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面,闡述(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)嫁(jia)接技(ji)術(shu)(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)改良果樹品(pin)種的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)對(dui)(dui)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)探(tan)索與(yu)(yu)考證(zheng),闡明某些漢(han)字的(de)(de)(de)字形、讀(du)(du)音(yin);也載(zai)(zai)(zai)述(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些少(shao)數(shu)民族(zu)和其他國家(jia)(jia)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)讀(du)(du)音(yin)和含義。還記(ji)載(zai)(zai)(zai)契丹族(zu)用(yong)羊(yang)皮、羊(yang)骨占卜和寫字,吐番人用(yong)燕脂(zhi)化(hua)妝(zhuang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)習俗,蒙古(gu)族(zu)裹于牛皮內(nei)(nei)治療外(wai)傷方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)保存(cun)了(le)(le)16世紀以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)大(da)量(liang)文獻(xian)資料(liao),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)原書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)已佚(yi)失,有(you)(you)關(guan)資料(liao)可(ke)從(cong)(cong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)窺見。
影響評價
本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)刊行(xing)后(hou),促進了本(ben)草(cao)學的(de)進一步發展,倪朱謨的(de)《本(ben)草(cao)匯言(yan)》、趙學敏的(de)《本(ben)草(cao)綱目(mu)拾遺(yi)》、黃宮繡的(de)《本(ben)草(cao)求真》等,均是(shi)在其(qi)學說啟(qi)示下而著成(cheng)的(de)本(ben)草(cao)典籍。達爾文(Chrles Robert Darwin)在其(qi)著作(zuo)(zuo)中亦多次引用本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)資(zi)料(liao),并(bing)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為“古代中國(guo)(guo)百科全書(shu)(shu)(shu)”。英國(guo)(guo)李約瑟( Joseph Needham)稱(cheng)贊李時珍為“藥物學界中之(zhi)王(wang)子”。本(ben)書(shu)(shu)(shu)為本(ben)草(cao)學集(ji)大成(cheng)之(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)。刊行(xing)后(hou),很快(kuai)流傳到(dao)朝鮮(xian)、日(ri)本(ben)等國(guo)(guo),后(hou)又先后(hou)被譯成(cheng)日(ri)、朝、拉丁(ding)、英、法、德、俄等文字。