一.產品介紹
當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui),(學名:Angelica sinensis,)別名干歸(gui)(gui)、秦哪、西(xi)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、岷(min)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、金當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)、當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)身、涵(han)歸(gui)(gui)尾、當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)曲、土當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui),多(duo)年生草本,高0.4-1米。花期6-7月,果期7-9月。
中國1957年從歐洲引種歐當歸(gui)。主產甘肅東南(nan)部(bu),以(yi)岷縣(xian)產量多,質量好,其次(ci)為云(yun)南(nan)、四川(chuan)、陜西(xi)、湖北等省(sheng),均為栽培。國內有些(xie)省(sheng)區也已引種栽培。
其根可(ke)入藥,是(shi)最常用的(de)中藥之一。具有補血和血,調經止痛,潤燥滑(hua)腸、抗癌 、抗老防老、免(mian)疫(yi)之功效。
形態特征
多年(nian)生草本,高0.4-1米。根圓柱狀,分枝,有(you)(you)多數(shu)肉質須根,黃棕色(se),有(you)(you)濃(nong)郁香氣。莖(jing)直立,綠白色(se)或帶紫色(se),有(you)(you)縱(zong)深溝紋,光滑無毛。
葉
葉(xie)三(san)出式二至三(san)回羽狀分裂,葉(xie)柄長(chang)3-11厘(li)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部膨大成管狀的(de)薄膜質鞘,紫色或綠(lv)色,基(ji)生葉(xie)及莖下(xia)部葉(xie)輪廓為卵(luan)形,長(chang)8-18厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬15-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),小葉(xie)片(pian)3對,下(xia)部的(de)1對小葉(xie)柄長(chang)0.5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),近頂端(duan)的(de)1對無(wu)柄,末回裂片(pian)卵(luan)形或卵(luan)狀披針形,長(chang)1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬5-15毫米(mi)(mi),2-3淺(qian)裂,邊(bian)(bian)緣有缺刻狀鋸齒,齒端(duan)有尖(jian)頭;葉(xie)下(xia)表(biao)面及邊(bian)(bian)緣被稀(xi)疏的(de)
乳頭狀白色細毛;莖上部葉(xie)簡(jian)化(hua)成囊狀的鞘和羽(yu)狀分裂的葉(xie)片(pian)。
花
復傘形花(hua)序(xu),花(hua)序(xu)梗長4-7厘米,密被細(xi)柔毛(mao)(mao);傘輻9-30;總(zong)苞片2,線(xian)形,或無;小傘形花(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)13-36;小總(zong)苞片2-4,線(xian)形;花(hua)白(bai)色(se),花(hua)柄密被細(xi)柔毛(mao)(mao);萼(e)齒5,卵形;花(hua)瓣長卵形,頂端狹尖(jian),內折(zhe);花(hua)柱短,花(hua)柱基圓錐形。花(hua)期6-7個月(yue)。
果
果(guo)(guo)實橢(tuo)圓至卵形,長4-6毫(hao)米(mi),寬3-4毫(hao)米(mi),背棱線形,隆(long)起,側棱成寬而(er)薄(bo)的翅(chi),與果(guo)(guo)體等寬或略(lve)寬,翅(chi)邊緣淡(dan)紫色,棱槽內有油管1,合生面油管2。果(guo)(guo)期7-9月(yue)。
生長習性
為低溫長日照作物,宜高寒涼爽氣候,在海拔1500-3000m左右均可栽培。在低海的(de)地區栽培抽苔率高,不易越夏。幼苗期喜陰,透(tou)光度為10%,忌烈日(ri)直曬;成株能(neng)耐(nai)強光。
宜土層(ceng)深厚、疏松、排水良好(hao)、肥(fei)沃富含腐殖(zhi)質的砂質壤(rang)土栽培,不宜在(zai)低洼(wa)積水或者易板結的粘(zhan)土和(he)貧瘠(ji)的砂質土栽種,忌連作。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 地質與地貌 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區地處云貴高(gao)(gao)(gao)原西北部,地勢西北高(gao)(gao)(gao),東南低(di),地形復雜。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)海撥3600m,最(zui)(zui)低(di)海拔(ba)1800m,平均(jun)海拔(ba)2800m,適宜種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)海拔(ba)為2200m~3600m;土壤(rang)類型以棕(zong)色針葉林土、暗棕(zong)壤(rang)、棕(zong)壤(rang),PH值5.0~6.0,土層(ceng)深厚(hou),具有(you)夜潮性(xing),自(zi)然肥力較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)(gao),有(you)機(ji)質含量豐富;森林覆蓋(gai)率高(gao)(gao)(gao),生(sheng)態環境良(liang)好。 2.2水(shui)文情況 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區的(de)(de)主要(yao)河流(liu)是漾弓江(jiang),屬金沙江(jiang)水(shui)系;漾弓江(jiang)由北向南貫穿縣境,最(zui)(zui)后流(liu)入金沙江(jiang),水(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,水(shui)質良(liang)好,無污(wu)染。 2.3氣(qi)候條件 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)區屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候,濕度大(da),立體氣(qi)候特征明顯,年平均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度9.6℃,最(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(yue)(6月(yue)(yue))均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)14.2℃,最(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue))均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)1.9℃,年總積溫(wen)(wen)3255.6℃,無霜期(qi)150d,年降雨量為1267.7㎜,降雨主要(yao)集中在每年的(de)(de)6—9月(yue)(yue)份(fen),年平均(jun)濕度66﹪。冬無嚴寒,夏無酷暑(shu)。年溫(wen)(wen)度變幅小,日溫(wen)(wen)差較(jiao)大(da);干濕季分明,有(you)利(li)于馬廠當歸(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的(de)(de)生(sheng)長和有(you)效年份(fen)積累,是種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)佳氣(qi)候類型。
三.地域范圍
馬廠當歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels產地位于云南(nan)省大理(li)白族自治(zhi)州(zhou)鶴慶縣(xian)境(jing)內,涉及(ji)草(cao)海(hai)鎮、松(song)桂鎮和金墩鄉3個鄉(鎮);地理(li)坐標為(wei):東(dong)(dong)經(jing)100°03′~100°15′,北(bei)緯26°25′~26°38′之間,東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)35.28千米(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬20.64千米(mi),種植面積5000公頃,年產量15000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
馬廠(chang)當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels是一(yi)種藥(yao)食兩用的作物(wu),植株外表(biao)灰棕色或(huo)(huo)棕褐(he)色,全體具(ju)縱皺紋,支(zhi)根(gen)(gen)部尤(you)多,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)頂端(duan)圓(yuan)平(ping)(ping),有莖葉殘(can)基,常有不顯著皺紋,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)身略呈圓(yuan)柱形,身面(mian)凹凸不平(ping)(ping),鮮歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)全歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)一(yi)般長10—25cm,可(ke)分為3部:根(gen)(gen)頭(tou)部稱“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)”,主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)稱“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)身”,支(zhi)根(gen)(gen)及支(zhi)根(gen)(gen)稍部稱“歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)尾”。其(qi)下(xia)生(sheng)有3—5條(tiao)或(huo)(huo)更多的歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)尾,歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)尾上粗下(xia)細,多扭曲(qu),表(biao)面(mian)有小疙瘩狀的須根(gen)(gen)痕跡(ji)。 4.2內在品質(zhi)特征(zheng) 馬廠(chang)當歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels具(ju)有油(you)質(zhi)重、質(zhi)地柔韌,斷(duan)面(mian)黃白色的特征(zheng)。氣清(qing)香濃厚、味甘微苦辛、性溫。其(qi)中,阿魏酸含量≥0.050%,揮(hui)發油(you)≥0.4%,水分含量≤15.0%。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)9.6℃,年總積(ji)溫(wen)3255.6℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)150d,海(hai)拔在(zai)2200~3600m的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)寒山(shan)區。年平均(jun)日(ri)照時數不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2071.7h,年平均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量1267.7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區、半山(shan)區。 3.2 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇當(dang)(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷(li)史(shi)悠久,已有(you)100多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),經長(chang)期(qi)馴(xun)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)“紫莖”、“綠莖”良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有(you)抗逆、抗寒、產(chan)量高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。 3.3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術 3.3.1整地(di) 當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)為(wei)多年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇前(qian)(qian)茬為(wei)青稞、馬(ma)鈴薯的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)塊,切忌連作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。前(qian)(qian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),清除(chu)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)雜(za)(za)草(cao),施(shi)(shi)入腐熟農家肥15t/ hm2,理溝蓋(gai)墑(di),墑(di)寬1.5m,溝深0.16m, 溝寬0.26m,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)塊打碎、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥混(hun)勻。 3.3.2適時播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時間(jian)(jian)一般在(zai)6月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬—7月上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旬,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)與蔓菁(jing)(jing)混(hun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)模式。當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與蔓菁(jing)(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按一定(ding)比(bi)例(li)均(jun)勻撒施(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)墑(di)面(mian),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加蓋(gai)0.5~1㎝細(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),以(yi)(yi)蓋(gai)住(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子為(wei)度,再用(yong)(yong)掃帚輕拍,使(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤緊貼(tie)。蓋(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)過(guo)厚(hou)或(huo)過(guo)薄, 會影響當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)率和(he)(he)整齊度。 3.3.3除(chu)草(cao)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 蔓菁(jing)(jing)7~8d出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)15d左(zuo)(zuo)右出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15~20d,間(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu)過(guo)密(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓菁(jing)(jing)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤(chu)(chu)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)雜(za)(za)草(cao),結合鋤(chu)(chu)草(cao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。鋤(chu)(chu)草(cao)遵循“中間(jian)(jian)深,兩頭(tou)淺”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,即苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)子幼(you)小(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)立秋后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)都不(bu)宜(yi)深鋤(chu)(chu);視雜(za)(za)草(cao)多少與蔓菁(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稀密(mi)(mi)程度不(bu)定(ding)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)3~4次。 3.3.4間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、施(shi)(shi)肥、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 當(dang)(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)(yi)撒播為(wei)主(zhu),10月底蔓菁(jing)(jing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲。當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)8㎝左(zuo)(zuo)右,莖粗0.2~0.3㎝,在(zai)根部(bu)施(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥15t/hm2,并進(jin)行(xing)(xing)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),起到(dao)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)、保(bao)(bao)濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),使(shi)(shi)其(qi)安(an)全(quan)過(guo)冬。 翌年3月氣(qi)溫(wen)回(hui)升,當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)開(kai)始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),到(dao)4~5月,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)20-25㎝,開(kai)始(shi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),間(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu)過(guo)密(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤(chu)(chu)雜(za)(za)草(cao),每㎡留(liu)(liu)10株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)(zuo)右,追施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)180㎏∕hm2,再培土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 3.3.5及(ji)時拔苔(tai)(tai) 7月份(fen)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),及(ji)時拔除(chu)抽苔(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙當(dang)(dang)地(di)俗稱(cheng)“公歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”﹚,因(yin)抽苔(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),根部(bu)木質化,成(cheng)為(wei)柴(chai)根,失去(qu)(qu)藥用(yong)(yong)價值。 3.3.6病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)預防為(wei)主(zhu),綜合防治(zhi)為(wei)原則,根據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律及(ji)時防治(zhi)。 主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi):病(bing)害(hai)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)根腐病(bing),受害(hai)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)根尖和(he)(he)幼(you)根呈水漬狀,隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)變黃(huang)(huang)(huang)脫落,主(zhu)根呈銹黃(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)腐爛(lan)。發(fa)病(bing)初期(qi)挖(wa)出(chu)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),用(yong)(yong)石灰(hui)消毒病(bing)穴,或(huo)用(yong)(yong)50%多菌靈500倍液灌(guan)病(bing)區以(yi)(yi)防蔓延(yan)。 3.4 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou) 3.4.1 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時間(jian)(jian) 次年11月下旬小(xiao)(xiao)雪(xue)節令后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),適時人工(gong)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。當(dang)(dang)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枯萎(wei)、葉片(pian)發(fa)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、營(ying)養(yang)物質已向根部(bu)轉移,根部(bu)營(ying)養(yang)器(qi)官已成(cheng)熟時,即可(ke)采(cai)挖(wa)。 3.4.2采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)方法 采(cai)挖(wa)前(qian)(qian),先將地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)莖葉割收(shou)(shou)(shou),讓太陽暴(bao)曬3~5d,既有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤水分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa),便于(yu)(yu)(yu)采(cai)挖(wa),又(you)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)物質的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累和(he)(he)轉化,使(shi)(shi)根部(bu)更加飽(bao)滿充(chong)實(shi)。采(cai)挖(wa)時力求(qiu)根部(bu)完整無(wu)缺,挖(wa)起后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)抖凈泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),揀除(chu)病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),運回(hui)初加工(gong)或(huo)投入市場(chang)銷(xiao)(xiao)售鮮當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。 3.5初加工(gong) 收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),主(zhu)根粗壯者,剪(jian)去(qu)(qu)側(ce)根加工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou),把歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)攤在(zai)籬笆上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)或(huo)潔凈地(di)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)自然晾曬。晾曬時注意翻動,晚間(jian)(jian)收(shou)(shou)(shou)回(hui),晾在(zai)通(tong)風處(chu)(chu);剪(jian)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)支根和(he)(he)須(xu)根俗稱(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)膀和(he)(he)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)須(xu),分(fen)類晾曬;體形細(xi)長(chang)者或(huo)比(bi)較瘦小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)全(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu),加工(gong)成(cheng)全(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)能陰(yin)干(gan)(gan)或(huo)太陽暴(bao)曬,陰(yin)干(gan)(gan)質輕、皮肉發(fa)青;太陽暴(bao)曬,皮肉變紅,失去(qu)(qu)油(you)性,降(jiang)低(di)品質。晾曬至全(quan)干(gan)(gan)即為(wei)成(cheng)品,可(ke)分(fen)級包裝外銷(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)入庫貯存(cun)。歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)可(ke)加工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian),歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)粉。 3.6留(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)出(chu)主(zhu)莖獨立,側(ce)枝(zhi)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)母(mu)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)6月集中移栽(zai)在(zai)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de) 地(di)段(duan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)留(liu)(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)(yong),翌年3月后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)始(shi)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),7月開(kai)花(hua),9月種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子成(cheng)熟。將摘下的(de)(de)(de)(de)果穗扎成(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)把,懸掛于(yu)(yu)(yu)室內通(tong)風、干(gan)(gan)燥、無(wu)煙處(chu)(chu),使(shi)(shi)其(qi)充(chong)分(fen)干(gan)(gan)燥,除(chu)凈雜(za)(za)質,密(mi)(mi)封貯存(cun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)燥涼(liang)爽處(chu)(chu),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)第二年當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子要(yao)求(qiu)成(cheng)熟度高(gao)、籽粒飽(bao)滿充(chong)實(shi);直播栽(zai)培時,出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)早、發(fa)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)旺,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)迅速,是獲得高(gao)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素(su)。 3.7生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄 馬(ma)廠當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)程建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄檔(dang)案,對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)情(qing)況,病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況,農藥肥料使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況,采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)加工(gong)運輸(shu)情(qing)況進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)面(mian)記(ji)錄并妥(tuo)善保(bao)(bao)存(cun),以(yi)(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
嚴格遵守《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)范》,實行公共標識與(yu)地域產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)的(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)制度。在保護地域范圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)地理(li)標志(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包(bao)裝上(shang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)已獲登(deng)(deng)記保護的(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi),須向登(deng)(deng)記證書持(chi)有人提出(chu)申請,簽定(ding)標志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi),并按照(zhao)相(xiang)關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)規(gui)范生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標志(zhi),統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)標志(zhi)公共標識相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)合(he)的(de)標識標注方法。