一.產品介紹
當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui),(學名(ming):Angelica sinensis,)別名(ming)干歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、秦(qin)哪(na)、西當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、岷當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、金當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)、當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)身(shen)、涵歸(gui)(gui)(gui)尾、當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)曲、土當(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui),多年(nian)生草本,高0.4-1米。花(hua)期6-7月(yue),果(guo)期7-9月(yue)。
中國1957年(nian)從歐洲引(yin)(yin)種(zhong)歐當(dang)歸。主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)甘肅東南(nan)部(bu),以岷縣產(chan)(chan)量多,質量好,其次為云南(nan)、四川(chuan)、陜西、湖北(bei)等省(sheng),均(jun)為栽培(pei)。國內有些省(sheng)區也已引(yin)(yin)種(zhong)栽培(pei)。
其根可(ke)入藥,是最常用的中藥之一。具(ju)有補血和血,調經止痛,潤燥(zao)滑腸(chang)、抗癌(ai) 、抗老防老、免疫之功效。
形態特征
多年生草本,高0.4-1米。根(gen)圓柱狀,分枝,有(you)多數肉質須根(gen),黃(huang)棕(zong)色(se)(se),有(you)濃郁香氣。莖直立(li),綠白色(se)(se)或帶(dai)紫(zi)色(se)(se),有(you)縱深(shen)溝(gou)紋,光滑(hua)無毛。
葉
葉三(san)出式(shi)二至三(san)回羽狀(zhuang)分(fen)裂,葉柄(bing)長(chang)3-11厘(li)米,基部膨大成管狀(zhuang)的薄膜質鞘(qiao),紫(zi)色(se)或(huo)綠(lv)色(se),基生葉及莖下部葉輪廓為(wei)卵(luan)形(xing),長(chang)8-18厘(li)米,寬15-20厘(li)米,小(xiao)葉片(pian)(pian)3對,下部的1對小(xiao)葉柄(bing)長(chang)0.5-1.5厘(li)米,近頂端(duan)的1對無柄(bing),末(mo)回裂片(pian)(pian)卵(luan)形(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),長(chang)1-2厘(li)米,寬5-15毫米,2-3淺裂,邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)缺刻(ke)狀(zhuang)鋸齒,齒端(duan)有(you)尖(jian)頭;葉下表面(mian)及邊(bian)緣(yuan)被(bei)稀疏的
乳(ru)頭狀白(bai)色(se)細毛(mao);莖上部葉簡化成囊(nang)狀的鞘和(he)羽(yu)狀分裂的葉片。
花
復傘形(xing)花(hua)序(xu),花(hua)序(xu)梗長4-7厘米,密被細(xi)柔毛(mao)(mao);傘輻9-30;總苞(bao)(bao)片2,線形(xing),或無;小傘形(xing)花(hua)序(xu)有花(hua)13-36;小總苞(bao)(bao)片2-4,線形(xing);花(hua)白色,花(hua)柄(bing)密被細(xi)柔毛(mao)(mao);萼齒5,卵形(xing);花(hua)瓣(ban)長卵形(xing),頂端狹(xia)尖,內折(zhe);花(hua)柱短,花(hua)柱基(ji)圓錐形(xing)。花(hua)期6-7個月。
果
果實(shi)橢圓至卵形,長4-6毫米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-4毫米(mi),背棱(leng)線形,隆起,側棱(leng)成寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)而(er)薄的(de)翅(chi),與果體等寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)或(huo)略寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan),翅(chi)邊緣淡紫色,棱(leng)槽內有油管1,合生面油管2。果期7-9月(yue)。
生長習性
為低溫長日照作物,宜高寒涼爽氣候,在海拔1500-3000m左右均可栽培。在(zai)低海(hai)的地區栽(zai)培抽苔率(lv)高,不易越(yue)夏(xia)。幼(you)苗(miao)期喜陰,透光度為10%,忌烈日(ri)直曬;成株能(neng)耐強光。
宜土層深厚、疏松(song)、排水良好(hao)、肥沃富含腐(fu)殖質的(de)砂質壤土栽培(pei),不宜在低洼積水或者易板結的(de)粘土和貧瘠(ji)的(de)砂質土栽種,忌連作。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)與地(di)(di)(di)貌 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)處云(yun)貴高(gao)原西北部,地(di)(di)(di)勢西北高(gao),東南低,地(di)(di)(di)形復雜。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)海撥3600m,最(zui)(zui)低海拔1800m,平均海拔2800m,適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的海拔為(wei)2200m~3600m;土壤類型以棕色針葉林土、暗棕壤、棕壤,PH值5.0~6.0,土層(ceng)深厚(hou),具有(you)夜潮(chao)性,自然肥力(li)較(jiao)高(gao),有(you)機質(zhi)含量豐(feng)富;森林覆蓋率高(gao),生態環境良(liang)好(hao)。 2.2水(shui)文情況 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)的主要河流(liu)是漾(yang)弓江(jiang),屬(shu)金(jin)沙江(jiang)水(shui)系;漾(yang)弓江(jiang)由北向南貫穿縣境,最(zui)(zui)后(hou)流(liu)入(ru)金(jin)沙江(jiang),水(shui)資源豐(feng)富,水(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao),無(wu)污染。 2.3氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件(jian) 種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)屬(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),濕(shi)度(du)大(da),立體氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征明(ming)顯,年平均溫(wen)度(du)9.6℃,最(zui)(zui)熱(re)月(yue)(yue)(6月(yue)(yue))均溫(wen)14.2℃,最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)(1月(yue)(yue))均溫(wen)1.9℃,年總積(ji)溫(wen)3255.6℃,無(wu)霜期150d,年降雨量為(wei)1267.7㎜,降雨主要集中在每年的6—9月(yue)(yue)份(fen),年平均濕(shi)度(du)66﹪。冬(dong)無(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏無(wu)酷暑(shu)。年溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)幅小(xiao),日溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da);干濕(shi)季分明(ming),有(you)利于馬廠當(dang)歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels的生長(chang)和有(you)效年份(fen)積(ji)累,是種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的最(zui)(zui)佳氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)類型。
三.地域范圍
馬(ma)廠當歸Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels產(chan)地位于云(yun)南(nan)省大理(li)白族(zu)自治州鶴慶縣境內,涉及草海鎮、松桂(gui)鎮和金墩鄉3個鄉(鎮);地理(li)坐標為(wei):東經100°03′~100°15′,北緯26°25′~26°38′之(zhi)間,東西(xi)長35.28千(qian)米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬20.64千(qian)米(mi)(mi),種植面積5000公頃,年產(chan)量15000噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
馬(ma)廠(chang)(chang)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels是一(yi)種藥(yao)食兩用的作物(wu),植(zhi)株(zhu)外表(biao)灰棕色(se)(se)或棕褐色(se)(se),全體(ti)具(ju)縱(zong)皺(zhou)紋,支(zhi)根(gen)部(bu)尤多,歸(gui)(gui)頭頂端圓平,有(you)(you)莖葉殘基(ji),常有(you)(you)不顯著(zhu)皺(zhou)紋,歸(gui)(gui)身略呈圓柱(zhu)形,身面(mian)凹凸不平,鮮歸(gui)(gui)全歸(gui)(gui)一(yi)般長(chang)10—25cm,可(ke)分為3部(bu):根(gen)頭部(bu)稱“歸(gui)(gui)頭”,主(zhu)根(gen)稱“歸(gui)(gui)身”,支(zhi)根(gen)及支(zhi)根(gen)稍部(bu)稱“歸(gui)(gui)尾(wei)”。其(qi)下生有(you)(you)3—5條或更多的歸(gui)(gui)尾(wei),歸(gui)(gui)尾(wei)上(shang)粗下細(xi),多扭曲(qu),表(biao)面(mian)有(you)(you)小疙瘩(da)狀的須(xu)根(gen)痕(hen)跡。 4.2內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)特征 馬(ma)廠(chang)(chang)當(dang)歸(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels具(ju)有(you)(you)油質(zhi)重(zhong)、質(zhi)地柔韌,斷面(mian)黃白色(se)(se)的特征。氣清香濃厚、味甘(gan)微苦辛、性溫。其(qi)中,阿魏(wei)酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)≥0.050%,揮發(fa)油≥0.4%,水分含(han)量(liang)≤15.0%。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze) 選(xuan)擇(ze)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)年平均(jun)氣溫(wen)9.6℃,年總積溫(wen)3255.6℃,無(wu)霜(shuang)期150d,海拔(ba)在(zai)(zai)2200~3600m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)寒(han)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)。年平均(jun)日照時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)(yu)2071.7h,年平均(jun)降雨量1267.7mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)、半山(shan)(shan)區(qu)。 3.2 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷(li)史悠久,已有100多(duo)(duo)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史,經(jing)長期馴化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“紫莖(jing)(jing)”、“綠莖(jing)(jing)”良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有抗(kang)(kang)逆、抗(kang)(kang)寒(han)、產(chan)量高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。 3.3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術 3.3.1整地(di) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)輪作作物,選(xuan)擇(ze)前茬(cha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)青稞(ke)、馬鈴薯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)塊,切忌連作。前作收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后,清(qing)除(chu)(chu)田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)(cao),施(shi)(shi)入腐熟(shu)農家肥(fei)15t/ hm2,理(li)溝蓋墑,墑寬1.5m,溝深(shen)0.16m, 溝寬0.26m,土(tu)塊打碎、土(tu)肥(fei)混勻。 3.3.2適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)一般在(zai)(zai)6月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)—7月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun),采(cai)(cai)用(yong)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)與蔓(man)(man)菁混種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)模式。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與蔓(man)(man)菁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)按一定比例均(jun)勻撒施(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)墑面(mian),然后加蓋0.5~1㎝細土(tu),以(yi)蓋住種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)度,再(zai)用(yong)掃帚輕(qing)拍,使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)緊貼(tie)。蓋土(tu)過厚(hou)或(huo)過薄, 會影響(xiang)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)率和(he)整齊(qi)度。 3.3.3除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)松(song)土(tu) 蔓(man)(man)菁7~8d出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)15d左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后15~20d,間(jian)(jian)(jian)去過密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蔓(man)(man)菁苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤田(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)雜草(cao)(cao),結合鋤草(cao)(cao)進行(xing)松(song)土(tu)。鋤草(cao)(cao)遵(zun)循(xun)“中間(jian)(jian)(jian)深(shen),兩頭(tou)淺”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze),即苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)子(zi)幼小(xiao)和(he)立(li)(li)秋后都不(bu)宜(yi)深(shen)鋤;視雜草(cao)(cao)多(duo)(duo)少與蔓(man)(man)菁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀密(mi)程度不(bu)定期間(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)3~4次(ci)(ci)。 3.3.4間(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)、培(pei)土(tu) 當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)以(yi)撒播(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),10月底蔓(man)(man)菁收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)8㎝左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),莖(jing)(jing)粗0.2~0.3㎝,在(zai)(zai)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)施(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)15t/hm2,并(bing)進行(xing)培(pei)土(tu),起(qi)到保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)、保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),使(shi)其安全(quan)過冬。 翌年3月氣溫(wen)回(hui)升,當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,到4~5月,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)20-25㎝,開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),間(jian)(jian)(jian)去過密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),薅鋤雜草(cao)(cao),每㎡留10株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)尿素180㎏∕hm2,再(zai)培(pei)土(tu)。 3.3.5及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)苔(tai) 7月份以(yi)后,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拔(ba)除(chu)(chu)抽(chou)(chou)苔(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)﹙當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)地(di)俗稱“公歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)”﹚,因(yin)抽(chou)(chou)苔(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)木質(zhi)(zhi)化(hua),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)柴根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen),失去藥(yao)用(yong)價值(zhi)。 3.3.6病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治 以(yi)預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),綜合防(fang)(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)原則(ze),根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治。 主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治:病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)腐病(bing)(bing)(bing),受(shou)害(hai)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)尖和(he)幼根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)呈水(shui)漬狀,隨(sui)后變黃(huang)脫落,主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)呈銹(xiu)黃(huang)色腐爛。發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)(chu)期挖(wa)出(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),用(yong)石(shi)灰消毒病(bing)(bing)(bing)穴,或(huo)用(yong)50%多(duo)(duo)菌靈500倍液(ye)灌病(bing)(bing)(bing)區(qu)以(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)蔓(man)(man)延。 3.4 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 3.4.1 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian) 次(ci)(ci)年11月下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)小(xiao)雪節令后,適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人工(gong)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枯萎(wei)、葉(xie)片(pian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)黃(huang)、營養(yang)物質(zhi)(zhi)已向(xiang)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)轉(zhuan)移,根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)營養(yang)器官已成(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),即可(ke)采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)。 3.4.2采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)方法 采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)前,先將(jiang)(jiang)地(di)上(shang)莖(jing)(jing)葉(xie)割收(shou)(shou),讓太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai)3~5d,既有利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)土(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸發(fa)(fa)(fa),便于(yu)(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)挖(wa),又有利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累和(he)轉(zhuan)化(hua),使(shi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)更加飽(bao)滿充(chong)實。采(cai)(cai)挖(wa)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)求根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)部(bu)完整無(wu)缺(que),挖(wa)起(qi)后抖凈(jing)泥土(tu),揀除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),運(yun)回(hui)初(chu)(chu)加工(gong)或(huo)投入市場銷售鮮(xian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。 3.5初(chu)(chu)加工(gong) 收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),主(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)粗壯者,剪去側根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)加工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou),把歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)攤在(zai)(zai)籬笆上(shang)或(huo)潔凈(jing)地(di)面(mian)上(shang)自(zi)然晾曬(shai)。晾曬(shai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)注意翻(fan)動,晚間(jian)(jian)(jian)收(shou)(shou)回(hui),晾在(zai)(zai)通(tong)風處;剪下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)和(he)須根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)俗稱歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)膀(bang)和(he)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)須,分(fen)類晾曬(shai);體形細長者或(huo)比較瘦小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)保(bao)(bao)留,加工(gong)成(cheng)全(quan)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)不(bu)能陰干(gan)(gan)或(huo)太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai),陰干(gan)(gan)質(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)、皮肉(rou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)青;太(tai)(tai)陽暴(bao)曬(shai),皮肉(rou)變紅(hong),失去油性(xing),降低品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。晾曬(shai)至全(quan)干(gan)(gan)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)品(pin),可(ke)分(fen)級包裝外銷或(huo)入庫(ku)貯(zhu)存(cun)。歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)頭(tou)可(ke)加工(gong)成(cheng)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)片(pian),歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)粉(fen)。 3.6留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 選(xuan)出(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)莖(jing)(jing)獨(du)立(li)(li),側枝多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)母歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)6月集(ji)中移栽(zai)在(zai)(zai)選(xuan)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 地(di)段上(shang),作為(wei)(wei)(wei)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)用(yong),翌年3月后開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,7月開(kai)(kai)花,9月種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)成(cheng)熟(shu)。將(jiang)(jiang)摘(zhai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果穗扎成(cheng)小(xiao)把,懸掛于(yu)(yu)(yu)室內通(tong)風、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、無(wu)煙處,使(shi)其充(chong)分(fen)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao),除(chu)(chu)凈(jing)雜質(zhi)(zhi),密(mi)封貯(zhu)存(cun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)涼爽(shuang)處,作為(wei)(wei)(wei)第二年當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)使(shi)用(yong)。選(xuan)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)要(yao)求成(cheng)熟(shu)度高(gao)(gao)、籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿充(chong)實;直播(bo)栽(zai)培(pei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)早、發(fa)(fa)(fa)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)旺,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長迅速,是(shi)獲(huo)(huo)得高(gao)(gao)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)素。 3.7生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu) 馬廠當(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程建立(li)(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄(lu)檔案,對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)情(qing)況(kuang),病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)情(qing)況(kuang),農藥(yao)肥(fei)料使(shi)用(yong)情(qing)況(kuang),采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)加工(gong)運(yun)輸(shu)情(qing)況(kuang)進行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)記(ji)錄(lu)并(bing)妥善保(bao)(bao)存(cun),以(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
嚴格遵守《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用規范》,實行公(gong)共(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)與地(di)域產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)的使(shi)(shi)用制度。在保(bao)護地(di)域范圍內的地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝上使(shi)(shi)用已(yi)獲登記保(bao)護的農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),須向登記證(zheng)書(shu)持有人(ren)提出(chu)申請,簽定(ding)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用協議,并按照(zhao)相(xiang)(xiang)關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和使(shi)(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),統一采用產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)結合(he)的標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。