形成過程
云(yun)龍(long)(long)河(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)至少形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)5千萬年前,從地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)頂(ding)部(bu)到(dao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)底(di)部(bu)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)主要(yao)為(wei)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)于(yu)2.1-2.9億(yi)(yi)年間、跨二迭(die)(die)與三(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)的(de)灰巖;全長(chang)3.6千米、平(ping)均深75米,平(ping)均寬(kuan)15米,兩岸(an)陡峭,飛(fei)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)狂瀉、縫(feng)(feng)底(di)流水(shui)潺潺,上通天水(shui)暗(an)(an)河(he)(he)(he),下聯莽莽清(qing)江。地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)上共(gong)有(you)7條(tiao)半(ban)(ban)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(有(you)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)叫“半(ban)(ban)流瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)”,豐(feng)水(shui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you),枯水(shui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)無,故稱(cheng)半(ban)(ban)條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu))。大(da)家看到(dao)的(de)云(yun)龍(long)(long)橋(qiao)(qiao)上游那(nei)條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),該瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)水(shui)質清(qing)澈且在(zai)太陽下出現彩(cai)虹(hong),游客如果有(you)幸(xing)見到(dao)這(zhe)道彩(cai)虹(hong),必然顯貴發達。云(yun)龍(long)(long)橋(qiao)(qiao)下游的(de)那(nei)條(tiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),名為(wei)開陽瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)中含有(you)黃鐵礦,天長(chang)日久沖刷卵石(shi)(shi),石(shi)(shi)頭就變成(cheng)了五(wu)彩(cai)顏色,又叫五(wu)彩(cai)黃龍(long)(long)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),下方即是(shi)(shi)五(wu)彩(cai)河(he)(he)(he)。神話中女媧補天所用的(de)五(wu)彩(cai)石(shi)(shi),正是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)種石(shi)(shi)頭。云(yun)龍(long)(long)河(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)曾是(shi)(shi)云(yun)龍(long)(long)河(he)(he)(he)的(de)伏流段(duan),以暗(an)(an)河(he)(he)(he)形(xing)(xing)式沉(chen)睡地(di)(di)(di)(di)下二、三(san)千萬年,后因水(shui)流在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下強烈掏蝕,在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)表不斷剝(bo)蝕、致(zhi)使(shi)暗(an)(an)河(he)(he)(he)頂(ding)部(bu)坍(tan)塌(ta),地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)才得(de)于(yu)面(mian)世(shi),成(cheng)為(wei)恩施大(da)峽(xia)谷一(yi)(yi)大(da)奇觀。中國(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質大(da)學實地(di)(di)(di)(di)考證,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)界上唯一(yi)(yi)兩岸(an)不同地(di)(di)(di)(di)質年代的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)。右岸(an)為(wei)1.8-2.3億(yi)(yi)年前形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)三(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng),左岸(an)是(shi)(shi)2.5-2.8億(yi)(yi)年前形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)二迭(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)。原因是(shi)(shi):在(zai)早期(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)殼變動(dong)中由(you)于(yu)斷裂作(zuo)用,使(shi)三(san)迭(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)與二迭(die)(die)紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)呈斷層(ceng)接觸,后經過(guo)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)抬升和水(shui)流沿斷裂薄弱(ruo)帶長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)下切、侵蝕,而形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)現在(zai)的(de)深谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)縫(feng)(feng)。
主要景點
“一(yi)核(he)”是云龍(long)(long)(long)河(he)地縫(feng)(feng)景(jing)觀最為精華的區(qu)(qu)(qu)域,它涵蓋云龍(long)(long)(long)橋北(bei)部至老(lao)橋南部區(qu)(qu)(qu)域,在這個(ge)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei),規劃有(you)主題(ti)觀光和(he)互動體驗兩大類差異(yi)化的旅(lv)游(you)項目,觀光區(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)拓展區(qu)(qu)(qu)通過棧(zhan)道系統(tong)有(you)機聯系組合,共同(tong)構筑云龍(long)(long)(long)河(he)地縫(feng)(feng)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)主題(ti)觀光互動體驗核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的完整游(you)覽(lan)環線。具(ju)體設置如下:
主題觀光區云龍勝景
云(yun)龍(long)橋至老橋區(qu)域(yu)(yu)之間的(de)天然峽谷區(qu)域(yu)(yu)是云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)縫之中(zhong)(zhong)峽谷景觀特色最(zui)為集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)區(qu)域(yu)(yu),通(tong)過對該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)的(de)環境整治、旅游設(she)施配(pei)置,使(shi)其成為最(zui)能集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)展示云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)縫秀美壯麗峽谷景觀的(de)主題觀光區(qu)域(yu)(yu),同時該區(qu)域(yu)(yu)也是云(yun)龍(long)河(he)地(di)縫景區(qu)旅游服務、旅游管理和基礎設(she)施的(de)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)布局區(qu)。
互動體驗區峽谷丹心
由云龍河老橋往(wang)南,在地(di)縫東岸絕(jue)壁修建(jian)棧(zhan)道,通過索橋連接(jie)西(xi)岸,再修建(jian)繩梯下至河谷(gu)底部(bu),結(jie)合峽(xia)谷(gu)底部(bu)兩岸地(di)形特(te)色,將傳統(tong)拓展(zhan)運動設(she)施以峽(xia)谷(gu)棧(zhan)道步行(xing)系統(tong)展(zhan)示出來(lai),將其打造成為一(yi)天然的峽(xia)谷(gu)拓展(zhan)主題(ti)互動區。
峽谷激情漂流帶
由地縫(feng)頂部(bu)修(xiu)建垂直觀光電梯至峽谷(gu)底部(bu),再沿(yan)地縫(feng)底部(bu)云(yun)龍河沿(yan)線,開展峽谷(gu)漂流(liu)項目(mu),打造以水(shui)上體驗運動為(wei)主題的激(ji)情漂流(liu)風光帶,通過(guo)對沿(yan)線河道的整治,形成完整的云(yun)龍河水(shui)系特色景觀帶,串連(lian)起“一核(he)”“一區”。
地縫探秘科普體驗區
由云龍橋北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)現有步道(dao)下至(zhi)地(di)(di)縫谷底,往北(bei)行走,峽(xia)谷兩岸地(di)(di)質(zhi)結(jie)構(gou)露出層明顯,受地(di)(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造運(yun)動、尤其是(shi)喜馬(ma)拉雅新(xin)構(gou)造運(yun)動以來的(de)內力(li)作(zuo)用影響和清江水(shui)系(xi)為主(zhu)的(de)外力(li)侵(qin)蝕作(zuo)用,云龍河(he)水(shui)系(xi)與(yu)地(di)(di)縫沿途象形(xing)山石眾多,地(di)(di)質(zhi)景觀(guan)等(deng)非(fei)常壯觀(guan),集中(zhong)再現了地(di)(di)貌(mao)侵(qin)蝕循環機(ji)理的(de)特性。規劃通過對現有北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)峽(xia)谷底部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)東岸游(you)步道(dao)的(de)修繕,新(xin)增(zeng)一(yi)(yi)段峽(xia)谷西岸游(you)步道(dao),形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)小型環線,通過沿途地(di)(di)質(zhi)科普標識(shi)牌、導游(you)系(xi)統的(de)配合(he)(he),打造一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)“中(zhong)國中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)球表層喀斯特地(di)(di)貌(mao)演變(bian)遺跡的(de)戶外天然自然博物館(guan)”。同時還(huan)可結(jie)合(he)(he)云龍河(he)暗河(he)、洞穴(xue)、絕壁等(deng)向北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)延伸區域開展地(di)(di)縫科考探險、地(di)(di)縫穿越等(deng)為主(zhu)題的(de)小眾深度(du)體驗旅(lv)游(you)項目。在未來,結(jie)合(he)(he)恩施大峽(xia)谷地(di)(di)質(zhi)公園的(de)申報,可進行整體專項重點(dian)建設。
景觀特色
順著(zhu)云龍(long)河(he)流淌的方向,云龍(long)河(he)地(di)縫上游與板(ban)橋暗河(he)相連,下游一直通到清江,地(di)處著(zhu)名的地(di)質斷裂帶沐撫(fu)斷裂的核心(xin)(xin)區域。從遙(yao)感圖上可以看到一個有趣(qu)的現象:這一片斷裂呈現出一個凹陷的心(xin)(xin)形(xing),而(er)地(di)縫又從“心(xin)(xin)”上深切而(er)過(guo),給這顆“陷落之心(xin)(xin)”又添(tian)上了一道“傷痕”。