沅(yuan)水國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)位于湖南(nan)省桃源縣境(jing)內(nei),以保護中華秋沙鴨為主的38種(zhong)鳥(niao)類(lei)越(yue)冬棲息地(di)(di)為目標,是集濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保護與修復、文化展示、科普宣教、科研監測、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態旅游為一(yi)體的綜合性濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),沅(yuan)水濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上至(zhi)張家灣洞洲、下至(zhi)堯河渡口(kou),規劃總面(mian)積(ji)一(yi)萬余畝、總投資8000多萬元。
前不久,國家(jia)(jia)林業(ye)局正(zheng)式下發文件(jian),同意開展桃源(yuan)沅水國家(jia)(jia)濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園試點工作,這是桃源(yuan)縣(xian)縣(xian)第一個國家(jia)(jia)濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園。
周邊(bian)交通(tong)方便。沅(yuan)水(shui)桃源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)境有港口(kou)3個,碼(ma)頭42座;省道(dao)1848和1801線縱橫桃源(yuan)(yuan);319國道(dao)、杭瑞高(gao)速公(gong)(gong)路(lu)緊鄰公(gong)(gong)園東側;桃花源(yuan)(yuan)機場距公(gong)(gong)園15公(gong)(gong)里。內部交通(tong),菱洲公(gong)(gong)路(lu)在(zai)西側穿過(guo)濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園從(cong)桃源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)城(cheng)通(tong)往剪市鎮,大部分(fen)區(qu)域目前暫未開發(fa)(fa),無水(shui)泥(ni)路(lu)和碼(ma)頭等交通(tong)設(she)施,只(zhi)有當地(di)村民自發(fa)(fa)形(xing)成漁船航道(dao)。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)面積(ji)(ji)701.64公頃(qing),占總(zong)面積(ji)(ji)的93.33%。濕(shi)地(di)(di)類型為(wei):永久性河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)530.62公頃(qing),洪(hong)泛(fan)濕(shi)地(di)(di)171.02公頃(qing)。
人(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)旅(lv)(lv)游資源(yuan)豐富。優(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質、充(chong)沛的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)量和(he)開闊的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)空間(jian),與兩岸綺麗的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)光,周邊層巒(luan)疊嶂的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)體、古老(lao)懷舊的(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)屋(wu)(wu)組(zu)成良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)水(shui)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。其自(zi)身景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)資源(yuan)獨特,歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)悠久,又與桃(tao)(tao)(tao)花(hua)源(yuan)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)、武(wu)陵(ling)漁(yu)村(cun)(cun)、雙洲公(gong)園等(deng)多處景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點交(jiao)相(xiang)輝映,共(gong)同組(zu)成一(yi)(yi)個(ge)以濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園為核心(xin),向(xiang)沅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上下(xia)游輻(fu)射(she)的(de)(de)(de)沅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)風(feng)光帶,為濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)科普宣傳和(he)生態(tai)旅(lv)(lv)游提供良(liang)好(hao)基礎。相(xiang)傳中原隱士善卷歸(gui)隱德(de)山(shan),數次沿沅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)而上,教(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)萬(wan)民(min);兩千多年前(qian),愛國詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)屈原曾(ceng)溯沅江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)下(xia),寫下(xia)不朽(xiu)詩(shi)篇《涉江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)》。歷(li)代文(wen)(wen)人(ren)(ren)墨客酈道(dao)(dao)元、李(li)白(bai)(bai)、劉(liu)禹錫、陸游、黃庭(ting)堅、朱熹、王陽明、袁宏道(dao)(dao),無不流(liu)連(lian)其中,暢抒(shu)胸臆(yi)。而今(jin),訪古探(tan)幽,問津賞景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),亦然(ran)快(kuai)哉。沅水(shui)一(yi)(yi)帶,有桃(tao)(tao)(tao)源(yuan)八景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)“桃(tao)(tao)(tao)川(chuan)仙隱、潼(tong)舫古渡、漳江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)夜(ye)月(yue)、梅(mei)溪(xi)煙雨、楚(chu)山(shan)春曉、綠蘿晴(qing)畫、潯陽古寺、白(bai)(bai)馬雪(xue)濤”;更(geng)有瀟湘八景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之一(yi)(yi)“漁(yu)村(cun)(cun)夕(xi)照”,還有三(san)塔(ta)(ta)三(san)閣“白(bai)(bai)佛閣,漳江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)閣,文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)閣;楚(chu)望(wang)塔(ta)(ta),文(wen)(wen)星塔(ta)(ta),回(hui)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)”。一(yi)(yi)條夷(yi)望(wang)溪(xi),如青羅帶串連(lian)了水(shui)心(xin)寨、鐘鼓山(shan)、月(yue)亮巖、象(xiang)山(shan)和(he)十萬(wan)畝(mu)竹(zhu)(zhu)海,可感(gan)“清溪(xi)滌塵,幽篁長(chang)嘯”。一(yi)(yi)處桃(tao)(tao)(tao)花(hua)源(yuan),歷(li)經千年,沉淀了德(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、陶文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)與隱逸文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),盡顯“桃(tao)(tao)(tao)花(hua)流(liu)水(shui)、福地(di)(di)洞天”。每年3月(yue)28日桃(tao)(tao)(tao)花(hua)節,如織(zhi)游人(ren)(ren),往來(lai)不絕。武(wu)陵(ling)漁(yu)村(cun)(cun)、桃(tao)(tao)(tao)源(yuan)人(ren)(ren)家(jia)屋(wu)(wu)舍儼(yan)然(ran),良(liang)田(tian)(tian)美地(di)(di),桑梓竹(zhu)(zhu)林,回(hui)歸(gui)田(tian)(tian)園、體驗農趣;“三(san)棒鼓”、“九子(zi)鞭”、“草(cao)把(ba)龍”等(deng)民(min)間(jian)藝(yi)術(shu),在(zai)此(ci)傳承并(bing)發揚光大。擂(lei)茶(cha)歷(li)史(shi)悠久、源(yuan)遠流(liu)長(chang),成為濃郁的(de)(de)(de)農家(jia)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)飲食文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)。臺灣詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)余光中品過擂(lei)茶(cha),留下(xia) “識(shi)得(de)擂(lei)茶(cha)味(wei),更(geng)羨(xian)武(wu)陵(ling)人(ren)(ren)” 的(de)(de)(de)詠嘆。
桃源(yuan)沅(yuan)(yuan)水濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)分為(wei)(wei)四大功能區(qu)(qu):濕(shi)地(di)保育區(qu)(qu),是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)主體和生(sheng)態基質,也是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)景(jing)觀載體,主要為(wei)(wei)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)沅(yuan)(yuan)江水域,面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)530.62公頃,占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)70.58%。恢(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)(qu),是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)恢(hui)復(fu)和重建(jian)濕(shi)地(di)系統的(de)典型(xing)示范(fan)區(qu)(qu),主要包括沙洲(zhou)(zhou)、吳(wu)家(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)北(bei)部和沅(yuan)(yuan)江西岸張家(jia)堰(yan)護堤(di)灘林帶。該區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)131.39公頃,占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)17.48%。管理(li)宣教區(qu)(qu),主要包括濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)的(de)管理(li)服務機(ji)構(gou)設(she)施(shi)和科普宣教館。面(mian)積14.8公頃,占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)1.97%。生(sheng)態旅游區(qu)(qu),是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)開展濕(shi)地(di)休閑和游憩體驗的(de)場所,主要包括洞洲(zhou)(zhou)和吳(wu)家(jia)洲(zhou)(zhou)南(nan)部,面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)74.98公頃,占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)9.97%。
其結構布(bu)局為 “一核(he)(he)、兩軸(zhou)、四片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”。 “一核(he)(he)”:是(shi)(shi)指以(yi)(yi)洞洲(zhou)和(he)(he)(he)吳家洲(zhou)南部濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統良(liang)好、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀資源(yuan)較為豐富的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)作(zuo)為核(he)(he)心依托(tuo),在(zai)陸地(di)(di)(di)上聯(lian)系外(wai)部城市,也是(shi)(shi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)部各個(ge)功能片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)連(lian)接紐帶(dai)和(he)(he)(he)輻射(she)(she)平(ping)臺。“兩軸(zhou)”:主(zhu)軸(zhou)和(he)(he)(he)輔(fu)軸(zhou),主(zhu)軸(zhou):以(yi)(yi)“一核(he)(he)”為軸(zhou)心,在(zai)主(zhu)河(he)(he)道向南北方向延伸,串聯(lian)起(qi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)各區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu),是(shi)(shi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)行日常管理(li)巡(xun)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要軸(zhou)線。輔(fu)軸(zhou):該軸(zhou)也是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)“一核(he)(he)”為輻射(she)(she)平(ping)臺,在(zai)輔(fu)河(he)(he)道向北延伸,是(shi)(shi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)部開(kai)展生(sheng)態旅(lv)游和(he)(he)(he)科普宣傳的(de)(de)連(lian)接紐帶(dai)。“四片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”:分(fen)別(bie)為水域(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、洲(zhou)灘區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)河(he)(he)堤(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。水域(yu)(yu)(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)分(fen)布(bu)廣(guang),是(shi)(shi)整個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)載體(ti);洲(zhou)灘區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植被茂盛(sheng),生(sheng)物多樣性高(gao),是(shi)(shi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態系統的(de)(de)“營(ying)養供體(ti)”;林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)陸路上與外(wai)界連(lian)通(tong)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu),該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)勢較高(gao),視野(ye)開(kai)闊,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀豐富,是(shi)(shi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)管理(li)核(he)(he)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)(yu);河(he)(he)堤(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保護(hu)(hu)邊(bian)緣山體(ti)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)工護(hu)(hu)堤(di),是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)“保護(hu)(hu)傘”。